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ASTM D4289-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids

Standard Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids

SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the compatibility of lubricating greases and fluids with coupons cut from standard elastomer sheets (Practice D 3182) or, optionally, from SAE Specification AMS 3217/2B (NBR-L) and AMS 3217/3A (CR) sheets. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume and Durometer A hardness that occur when elastomer coupons are totally immersed in a lubricant sample for 70 h at either 100 or 150°C or as required by the lubricant specification.
1.1.1 Some lubricant specifications may require different test conditions, such as longer durations or lower or higher temperatures. In such instances, the repeatability and reproducibility values stated in Section 12 do not apply, and the user and supplier should agree on acceptable limits of precision.
Note 1—The scope of this test method now includes the evaluation of the elastomer compatibility of both lubricating fluids and greases. Testing of fluids was not included in Test Method D 4289-95 and earlier versions.
1.2 This test method can also be used as a guide to evaluate the compatibility of greases with rubber products not in standard sheet form (Practice D 3183).
1.3 The values stated in SI and Durometer A units shall be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.4-8.6.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.G0.01 - Chemical and General Laboratory Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4289-97 - Standard Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4289-03(2008) - Standard Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids
Effective Date
01-May-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4950-22 - Standard Classification and Specification for Automotive Service Greases
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM F2489-06(2022) - Standard Guide for Instrument and Precision Bearing Lubricants—Part 2 Greases
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8112-22 - Standard Guide for Obtaining In-Service Samples of Turbine Operation Related Lubricating Fluid
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4289–03
Standard Test Method for
1
Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope * D 297 Test Methods for Rubber Products—Chemical
3
Analysis
1.1 This test method evaluates the compatibility of lubricat-
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-
ing greases and fluids with coupons cut from standard elas-
3
plastic Elastomers—Tension
tomer sheets (Practice D3182) or, optionally, from SAE
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liq-
SpecificationAMS3217/2B(NBR-L)andAMS3217/3A(CR)
3
uids
sheets. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes
4
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
in volume and Durometer A hardness that occur when elas-
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
tomer coupons are totally immersed in a lubricant sample for
3
Hardness
70 h at either 100 or 150°C or as required by the lubricant
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and
specification.
Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-
1.1.1 Some lubricant specifications may require different
3
ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets
test conditions, such as longer durations or lower or higher
D3183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces forTest
temperatures.Insuchinstances,therepeatabilityandreproduc-
3
Purposes from Products
ibilityvaluesstatedinSection12donotapply,andtheuserand
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
supplier should agree on acceptable limits of precision.
5
Products, and Lubricants
NOTE 1—The scope of this test method now includes the evaluation of
D4950 Classification of and Specification for Automotive
the elastomer compatibility of both lubricating fluids and greases.Testing
5
Service Greases
offluidswasnotincludedinTestMethodD4289–95andearlierversions.
2.2 Federal Standard:
1.2 This test method can also be used as a guide to evaluate
Federal Test Method Standard 791C, Method 3603.5,
the compatibility of greases with rubber products not in 6
Swelling of Synthetic Rubbers
standard sheet form (Practice D3183).
2.3 U.S. Air Force Specification:
1.3 The values stated in SI and Durometer A units shall be 7
539 Specification Bulletin for Standard Elastomer Stocks
regarded as the standard.
2.4 SAE Standards:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 8
AMS 3217A Standard Elastomer Stocks—Test Slabs
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
AMS 3217/2B Test Slabs, Acrylonitrile Butadiene (NBR-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 8
L)—Low Acrylonitrile, 65–75
8
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
AMS 3217/3A Test Slabs, Chloroprene (CR)—65–75
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecificwarning
NOTE 2—USAF Specification Bulletin 539 was specified in Test
statements, see 8.4-8.6.
Method D4289–94 and earlier versions. This specification is obsolete
and has been replaced by SAE StandardAMS 3217A. USAF-539 NBR-L
2. Referenced Documents
has been replaced by SAE AMS 3217/2B (NBR-L), which is virtually
2.1 ASTM Standards:
identical. USAF-539 CR has been replaced by the similar, but not
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
2
Grease
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
1 6
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
7
D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease. USAFSpecificationBulletin539isobsolete,butreproductionsareavailableby
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally requesting RR: D02-1165 from ASTM Headquarters.
8
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D4289–97. Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Warrendale, PA 15096.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4289–03
identical, SAE AMS 3217/3A (CR). Elastomer sheets prepared to this
3.3.2 Symbols used in the calculation of relative dens
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4289–97 Designation:D4289–03
Standard Test Method for
1
Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method evaluates the compatibility of lubricating greases and fluids with coupons cut from standard elastomer
sheets (Practice D3182) or, optionally, from SAE SpecificationAMS 3217/2A3217/2B (NBR-L) andAMS 3217/3A (CR) sheets.
Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume and DurometerAhardness that occur when elastomer coupons
are totally immersed in a lubricant sample for 70 h at either 100 or 150°C or as required by the lubricant specification.
1.1.1 Some lubricant specifications may require different test conditions, such as longer durations or lower or higher
temperatures. In such instances, the repeatability and reproducibility values stated in Section 12 do not apply, and the user and
supplier should agree on acceptable limits of precision.
NOTE 1—The scope of this test method now includes the evaluation of the elastomer compatibility of both lubricating fluids and greases. Testing of
fluids was not included in Test Method D4289–95 and earlier versions.
1.2 This test method can also be used as a guide to evaluate the compatibility of greases with rubber products not in standard
sheet form (Practice D3183).
1.3 The values stated in SI and Durometer A units shall be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.For specific hazardwarning statements, see Note 6, Note 7, and Note 88.4-8.6.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
3
D297 Test Methods for Rubber Products—Chemical Analysis
3
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
3
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
4
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard
3
Vulcanized Sheets
3
D3183 Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products
5
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
5
D4950 Classification of and Specification for Automotive Service Greases
2.2 Federal Standard:
6
Federal Test Method Standard791C, Method3603.5, Swelling of Synthetic Rubbers
2.3 U.S. Air Force Specification:
7
539 Specification Bulletin for Standard Elastomer Stocks
2.4 SAE Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-2D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.G0
on Lubricating Grease.
Current edition approved JuneMay 10, 1997.2003. Published August 1997.June 2003. Originally published as D4289–89.approved in 1989. Last previous edition
D4289–95.approved in 1997 as D4289–97.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
6
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
7
USAF Specification Bulletin 539 is obsolete, but reproductions are available by requesting RR: D02-1165 from ASTM Headquarters.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4289–03
8
AMS 3217A Standard Elastomer Stocks—Test Slabs
8
AMS 3217/2AAMS 3217/2B Test Slabs, Acrylonitrile Butadiene (NBR-L)—Low Acrylonitrile, 65–75
8
AMS 3217/3A Test Slabs, Chloroprene (CR)—65–75
NOTE 2—USAF Specification Bulletin 539 was specified in Test Method D4289–94 and earlier versions. This spec
...

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5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
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Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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