ASTM D1404/D1404M-99(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease
Standard Test Method for Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of the number of scratches as far as correlation with field performance is concerned has not been established. A particle which is abrasive to plastic will not necessarily be abrasive to steel or other bearing materials. Some correlation was obtained in that the contaminant used in Sample 3 (see 10.1.1) had a greater wear rate in a laboratory ball bearing abrasive wear test than the contaminant in Sample 2.
Note 1: The number of scratches obtained cannot be used to draw fine differences between greases, but rather, to group them into two or three general classes. One such possible division could be:
1 ... . less than 10 scratches
2 ... . 10 to 40 scratches
3 ... . more than 40 scratches
5.2 An advantage of this test method is that each test takes only a few minutes to run.
5.3 This test method is used for quality control and specification purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the detection and estimation of deleterious particles in lubricating grease.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all lubricating greases. It can also be used to test other semi-solid or viscous materials. Grease fillers, such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, can be tested for abrasive contaminants by first mixing them into petrolatum or grease known to be free of deleterious particles.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1404/D1404M − 99 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Estimation of Deleterious Particles in Lubricating Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1404/D1404M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Fuels, and Lubricants
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the detection
and estimation of deleterious particles in lubricating grease.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method is applicable to all lubricating greases.
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology D4175.
It can also be used to test other semi-solid or viscous materials.
Grease fillers, such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, can
3.2 Definitions:
be tested for abrasive contaminants by first mixing them into
3.2.1 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
petrolatum or grease known to be free of deleterious particles.
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.2.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in
commonly included to impart special properties.
brackets.
3.2.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
posed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to form the product’s structure.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—The solid thickener can be fibers (such
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
non-soap thickeners), which are insoluble or, at the most, only
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
requirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
uniformlydispersed,andcapableofformingarelativelystable,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.3.1 deleterious particles, n—in lubricating grease, minute
2. Referenced Documents
bits of solid material present as a contaminant and abrasive to
acrylic plastic.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
4. Summary of Test Method
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and
4.1 A small portion of the lubricating grease sample is
Electrical Insulating Materials
placed between two clean, highly polished acrylic-plastic
plates held rigidly and parallel in metal holders. A pressure of
200 psi [1.38 MPa] is applied, and one plate is rotated 30°
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
relative to the other. Particles harder than the plastic and
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.01 on Chemical and General Laboratory Tests. exceeding in size the distance between the plates will imbed in
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
the plates and cause characteristic, arc-shaped scratches in the
in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1404/D1404M – 99 (2014).
plates.
DOI: 10.1520/D1404_D1404M-99R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 The relative number of such solid particles can be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
estimated by counting the total number of arc-shaped scratches
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. on the two plates.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1404/D1404M − 99 (2019)
5. Significance and Use [25.4 mm 6 1.3 mm square by 3.2 mm 6 0.64 mm] uniformly
thick, having a Rockwell M hardness of 94 6 10 (Test Method
5.1 The significance of the number of scratches as far as
D785), and having highly polished surfaces protected on both
correlation with field performance is concerned has not been
sides with protective paper.
established. A particle which is abrasive to plastic will not
necessarily be abrasive to steel or other bearing materials.
NOTE 3—Whether dimensioned in inches or millimetres, the plastic test
Some correlation was obtained in that the contaminant used in plates should be fabricated to match the square recesses in holders 2 and
7.
Sample 3 (see 10.1.1) had a greater wear rate in a laboratory
ball bearing abrasive wear test than the contaminant in Sample
7. Reagents and Materials
2.
7.1 Stoddard solvent conforming to Specification D235.
NOTE 1—The number of scratches obtained cannot be used to draw fine
(Warning—Flammable. Vapor harmful.)
differences between greases, but rather, to group them into two or three
general classes. One such possible division could be:
NOTE 4—Other naphthas or pure paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as
1 . . less than 10 scratches
n-heptane, can be substituted providing they are suitably volatile and do
2 . . 10 to 40 scratches
not soften or otherwise attack acrylic plastic.
3 . . more than 40 scratches
5.2 An advantage of this test method is that each test takes
8. Procedure
only a few minutes to run.
8.1 Use a fine, smoothing file to break sharp edges of one
5.3 This test method is used for quality control and speci-
face of each test plate. (Asharp edge could scratch the face of
fication purpose.
the opposite plate.) Remove plastic filings and dust. Do not
remove protective paper at this time.
6. Apparatus
8.2 Completely remove the tension from the spring and
6.1 The test apparatus is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.As
disassemble the apparatus from the top, Fig. 1b. Snap a test
illustrated in Fig. 2, the plastic test plates (commercial acrylic
3,4
plate into each of the square recesses of holders 2 and 7 (Fig.
plastic, produced in uniform, highly polished sheets), 1, are
2); locate the plates such that the surfaces with the filed edges
rigidly held in a parallel position in square recesses in parts 2
are op
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