ASTM D8073-16(2021)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water Separation Instrument

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides an indication of the presence of surfactants in aviation fuel. Like Test Methods D2550, D3602, D3948, and D7224, this test method can detect carryover traces of refinery treating residues in fuel as produced. In addition, these test methods can detect surface active substances added to or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Certain additives can affect the WSI. Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel.  
5.2 The small scale water separation tester has a measurement range from 0.0 WSI to 100.0 WSI.
Note 1: WSI values greater than 100.0 WSI can be caused by a reduction in the light transmittance (see A1.1.5) of the test specimen due to material that was removed during the testing process.  
5.3 This test method was developed so refiners, fuel terminal operators, pipelines, and independent testing laboratory personnel can rapidly and precisely measure for the presence of surfactants, with a minimum of training, in a wide range of locations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained and emulsified water when passed through a water-coalescing filter.  
1.2 Results are expressed as a Water Separation Index (WSI).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Units in WSI are included.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Apr-2021
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.J0.05 - Fuel Cleanliness

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8073 − 16 (Reapproved 2021) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of
Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water Separation
1
Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3948 TestMethodforDeterminingWaterSeparationChar-
acteristicsofAviationTurbineFuelsbyPortableSeparom-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaproceduretoratetheabilityof
eter
aviation turbine fuels to release entrained and emulsified water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
when passed through a water-coalescing filter.
Petroleum Products
1.2 Results are expressed as a Water Separation Index
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
(WSI).
Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D7224 TestMethodforDeterminingWaterSeparationChar-
1.3.1 Exception—Units in WSI are included.
acteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Con-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
taining Additives by Portable Separometer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 surfactant, n—in petroleum fuels, surface active ma-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
terial (or surface active agent) that could disarm (deactivate)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
filter separator (coalescing) elements so that free water is not
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
removed from the fuel in actual service.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Technically, surfactants affect the inter-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
facial tension between water and fuel, which affects the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tendency of water to coalesce into droplets.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
3.2.1 sonicator, n—a device that applies ultrasonic sound
2.1 ASTM Standards:
energy to the test specimen.
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The sonicator is used to emulsify the
D2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics
3
water and aviation fuel.
of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1989)
3.2.2 water separation index (WSI), n—a numerical rating
D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of
3
indicating the ease of separating water from fuel by coales-
Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1994)
cence.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—A high WSI indicates a fuel that sepa-
rates water easily and is relatively free from surfactants.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
4. Summary of Test Method
Subcommittee D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved April 15, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally
4.1 A fixed volume of test specimen is poured into the test
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8073 – 16. DOI:
beaker. The apparatus is purged with the test specimen. A
10.1520/D8073-16R21.
2
precise amount of water containing a specific dye is added to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
the test beaker. The test specimen and dyed water are emulsi-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
fied using a sonicator. The resulting emulsion is passed at a
the ASTM website.
3
constant rate directly to the detector, which is sensitive to the
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. dye, to measure a reference value.The emulsion is then passed
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8073 − 16 (2021)
at the same constant rate to the detector by means of a filter 7.2.3 Reference Fluids—For checking operational perfor-
cartridge that is designed to remove entrained water. Readings manceconsistingofdispersingagent(7.2.1)addedtoreference
from the detector
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8073 − 16 D8073 − 16 (Reapproved 2021) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of
Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water Separation
1
Instrument
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained and emulsified water when
passed through a water-coalescing filter.
1.2 Results are expressed as a Water Separation Index (WSI).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Units in WSI are included.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1989)
3
D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1994)
D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D7224 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing
Additives by Portable Separometer
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016April 15, 2021. Published October 2016May 2021. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
D8073 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D8073-16.10.1520/D8073-16R21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8073 − 16 (2021)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 surfactant, n—in petroleum fuels, surface active material (or surface active agent) that could disarm (deactivate) filter
separator (coalescing) elements so that free water is not removed from the fuel in actual service.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Technically, surfactants affect the interfacial tension between water and fuel, which affects the tendency of water to coalesce into
droplets.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 sonicator, n—a device that applies ultrasonic sound energy to the test specimen.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
The sonicator is used to emulsify the water and aviation fuel.
3.2.2 water separation index (WSI), n—a numerical rating indicating the ease of separating water from fuel by coalescence.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
A high WSI indicates a fuel that separates water easily and is relatively free from surfactants.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A fixed volume of test specimen is poured into the test beaker. The apparatus is purged with the test specimen. A precise
amount of water containing a specific dye is added to the test beaker. The test specimen and dyed water are emulsified using a
sonicator. The resulting emulsion is passed at a constant rate directly to the detec
...