ASTM D7758-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Passive Soil Gas Sampling in the Vadose Zone for Source Identification, Spatial Variability Assessment, Monitoring, and Vapor Intrusion Evaluations
Standard Practice for Passive Soil Gas Sampling in the Vadose Zone for Source Identification, Spatial Variability Assessment, Monitoring, and Vapor Intrusion Evaluations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Passive soil gas samplers are a minimally invasive, easy-to-use technique in the field for identifying VOCs and SVOCs in the vadose zone. Similar to active soil gas and other field screening techniques, the simplicity and low cost of passive samplers enables them to be applied in large numbers, facilitating detailed mapping of contamination across a site, for the purpose of identifying source areas and release locations, focusing subsequent soil and groundwater sampling locations, focusing remediation plans, identifying vapor intrusion pathways, tracking groundwater plumes, and monitoring remediation progress. Data generated from passive soil gas sampling are semi-quantitative and are dependent on numerous factors both within and outside the control of the sampling personnel. Key variables are identified and briefly discussed in the following sections.
Note 1: Additional non-mandatory information on these factors or variables are covered in the applicable standards referenced in Section 2, and the footnotes and Bibliography presented herewith.
5.2 Application—The techniques described in this practice are suitable for sampling soil gas with sorbent samplers in a wide variety of geological settings for subsequent analysis for VOCs and SVOCs. The techniques also may prove useful for species other than VOCs and SVOCs, such as elemental mercury, with specialized sorbent media and analysis.
5.2.1 Source Identification and Spatial Variability Assessment—Passive soil gas sampling can be an effective method to identify contaminant source areas in the vadose zone and delineate the extent of contamination. By collecting samples in a grid with fewer data gaps, the method allows for an increase in data density and, therefore, provides a high-resolution depiction of the nature and extent of contamination across the survey area. By comparing the results, as qualitative or quantitative, from one location to another, the relative distribution and spatial variability of t...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose—This practice covers standardized techniques for passively collecting soil gas samples from the vadose zone and is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5314.
1.2 Objectives—Objectives guiding the development of this practice are: (1) to synthesize and put in writing good commercial and customary practice for conducting passive soil gas sampling, (2) to ensure that the process for collecting and analyzing passive soil gas samples is practical and reasonable, and (3) to provide standard guidance for passive soil gas sampling performed in support of source identification, spatial variability/extent determinations, site assessment, site monitoring, and vapor intrusion investigations.
1.3 This practice does not address requirements of any federal, state, or local regulations or guidance or both with respect to soil gas sampling. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local guidance may impose specific requirements that differ from those of this practice.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique asp...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D7758 −17
Standard Practice for
Passive Soil Gas Sampling in the Vadose Zone for Source
Identification, Spatial Variability Assessment, Monitoring,
1
and Vapor Intrusion Evaluations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7758; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* nor should this document be applied without consideration of
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
1.1 Purpose—This practice covers standardized techniques
title means only that the document has been approved through
for passively collecting soil gas samples from the vadose zone
the ASTM consensus process.
and is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5314.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 Objectives—Objectives guiding the development of this
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
practice are: (1) to synthesize and put in writing good com-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mercial and customary practice for conducting passive soil gas
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sampling, (2) to ensure that the process for collecting and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
analyzing passive soil gas samples is practical and reasonable,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and (3) to provide standard guidance for passive soil gas
sampling performed in support of source identification, spatial
2. Referenced Documents
variability/extent determinations, site assessment, site
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
monitoring, and vapor intrusion investigations.
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.3 This practice does not address requirements of any
Fluids
federal, state, or local regulations or guidance or both with
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
respect to soil gas sampling. Users are cautioned that federal,
Atmospheres
state, and local guidance may impose specific requirements
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
that differ from those of this practice.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
standard.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4597 Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Samplers
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
Used at Waste Sites
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
D5314 Guide for Soil Gas Monitoring in the Vadose Zone
education or experience and should be used in conjunction
3
(Withdrawn 2015)
with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may
D5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-
be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
lated to Waste Management Activities: Development of
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
Data Quality Objectives
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Vadose Zone Investigations. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7758–11(2016). DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7758-17. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7758 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) D7758 − 17
Standard Practice for
Passive Soil Gas Sampling in the Vadose Zone for Source
Identification, Spatial Variability Assessment, Monitoring,
1
and Vapor Intrusion Evaluations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7758; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 Purpose—This practice covers standardized techniques for passively collecting soil gas samples from the vadose zone and
is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5314.
1.2 Objectives—Objectives guiding the development of this practice are: (1) to synthesize and put in writing good commercial
and customary practice for conducting passive soil gas sampling, (2) to ensure that the process for collecting and analyzing passive
soil gas samples is practical and reasonable, and (3) to provide standard guidance for passive soil gas sampling performed in
support of source identification, spatial variability/extent determinations, site assessment, site monitoring, and vapor intrusion
investigations.
1.3 This practice does not address requirements of any federal, state, or local regulations or guidance or both with respect to
soil gas sampling. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local guidance may impose specific requirements that differ from
those of this practice.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s
many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM
consensus process.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016June 1, 2017. Published October 2016July 2017. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D7758D7758–11(2016).–11. DOI: 10.1520/D7758-11R16.10.1520/D7758-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7758 − 17
D4597 Practice for Sampling Workplace Atmospheres to Collect Gases or Vapors with Solid Sorbent Diffusive Samplers
D5088
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