ASTM A181/A181M-13
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the carbon steel forgings used for general-purpose piping. Two classes of material are covered, Classes 60 and 70, and classified according to their mechanical properties. Except for flanges of all types, up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock. Forgings shall be protected against sudden or too rapid cooling from the rolling or forging while passing through critical range. Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited, but when applied, it shall consist of tempering, annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and tempering. Heat analysis shall be made to determine the percentage of the following elements: carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur. The mechanical properties of the material shall conform to the required tensile properties: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers nonstandard as-forged fittings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification A266/A266M.
1.2 Two classes of material are covered, designated as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accordance with their mechanical properties as specified in 6.1.
1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
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Designation: A181/A181M −13
StandardSpecification for
1
Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA181/A181M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. General Requirements and Ordering Information
2
1.1 This specification covers nonstandard as-forged
3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to
fittings, valve components, and parts for general service. the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any
Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximum
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
to Specification A266/A266M.
A961/A961M constitutes non-conformance with this specifi-
cation.
1.2 Two classes of material are covered, designated as
Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accor-
3.2 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
dance with their mechanical properties as specified in 6.1. purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase
the needed material. Examples of such information include but
1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
are not limited to the ordering information in Specification
and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable
A961/A961M and the following:
“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be
3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and
furnished to inch-pound units.
3.2.2 Additional requirements (See 4.3, 9.1, 10.2, 12.1, and
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
12.2).
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
with the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, the
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
4. Materials and Manufacture
cation.
4.1 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically
2. Referenced Documents
shaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar,
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
provided that the axial length of the part is approximately
A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other parts,
Pressure Vessel Components
excluding flanges of all types, up to and including NPS 4 may
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar. Elbows, return
quirements
bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly
A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
from bar stock.
Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
4.2 Except as permitted in 4.1, the finished product shall be
Piping Applications
aforgingasdefinedintheTerminologysection(exclusively)of
Specification A788/A788M.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4.3 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shall
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting
submit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing the
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
shape of the rough forging before machining.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A181/A181M–12.
4.4 Forgings shall be protected against sudden or too rapid
DOI: 10.1520/A0181_A0181M-13.
cooling from the rolling or forging while passing through the
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
critical range.
cation SA-181 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.5 Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited, but
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
when applied, heat treatment shall consist of tempering,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. annealing, normalizing, or normalizing and tempering.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A181/A181M − 12 A181/A181M − 13
Standard Specification for
1
Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A181/A181M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This specification covers nonstandard as-forged fittings, valve components, and parts for general service. Forgings made
to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered to Specification
A266/A266M.
1.2 Two classes of material are covered, designated as Classes 60 and 70, respectively, and are classified in accordance with
their mechanical properties as specified in 6.1.
1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping
Applications
3. General Requirements and Ordering Information
3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification
A961/A961M constitutes non-conformance with this specification.
3.2 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase the needed
material. Examples of such information include but are not limited to the ordering information in Specification A961/A961M and
the following:
3.2.1 Supplementary requirements, and
3.2.2 Additional requirements (See 4.3, 9.1, 10.2, 12.1, and 12.2).
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically shaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar, provided
that the axial length of the part is approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. Other parts, excluding flanges of all
types, up to and including NPS 4 may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall
not be machined directly from bar stock.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2013. Published June 2012October 2013. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as
A181/A181M–06(2011).A181/A181M–12. DOI: 10.1520/A0181_A0181M-12.10.1520/A0181_A0181M-13.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-181 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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A181/A181M − 13
4.2 Except as permitted in 4.1, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology section (ex
...
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