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ASTM A961/A961M-23

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications

Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications. If the primary melting is required it shall incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, such as electroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the ingot remelted from a single primary heat. Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the following procedures such as full annealing, solution annealing, isothermal annealing, normalizing, tempering and post-weld heat treatment, stress relieving. Heat analysis shall be used to determine the percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, copper, cobalt, nitrogen, aluminum, vanadium, cerium to meet the required chemical composition. The product analysis shall be used to determine if the chemical composition shall conform to the limits of the product specified. Mechanical tests shall be performed to determine the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile properties, and impact properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts for piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications:    
Title of Specification  
ASTM Designation  
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components  
A105/A105M  
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping  
A181/A181M  
Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged  
A182/A182M  
Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature
Service  
Forgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch  
A350/A350M  
Toughness Testing for Piping Components  
Forged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy  
A522/A522M  
Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts  
for Low-Temperature Service  
Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges,  
A694/A694M  
Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure
Transmission Service  
Flanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low  
A707/A707M  
Temperature Service  
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components with  
A727/A727M  
Inherent Notch Toughness  
Forgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for  
A836/A836M  
Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service  
1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this general requirement specification, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.  
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section 4.1.2). The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2023
ICS
23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general
77.140.20 - Stainless steels
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM A961/A961M-23 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping ApplicationsASTM A961/A961M-23 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
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REDLINE ASTM A961/A961M-23 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping ApplicationsREDLINE ASTM A961/A961M-23 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A961/A961M − 23
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,
1
Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A961/A961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
1.1 This specification covers a group of common require-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ments that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves,
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
and parts for piping applications under any of the following
with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the
individual product specifications:
“M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in
Title of Specification ASTM Designation
the order.
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A105/A105M
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A181/A181M
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A182/A182M
Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Service
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Forgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A350/A350M
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Toughness Testing for Piping Components
Forged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A522/A522M
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts
for Low-Temperature Service
2. Referenced Documents
Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A694/A694M
2
Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Transmission Service
A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
Flanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A707/A707M
Temperature Service
Piping Applications
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components with A727/A727M
A181/A181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for
Inherent Notch Toughness
General-Purpose Piping
Forgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A836/A836M
Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and
Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves
1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the indi-
and Parts for High-Temperature Service
vidual product specification and a requirement of this general
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
requirement specification, the requirements of the individual
Steel Forgings
product specification shall prevail over those of this specifica-
A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel
tion.
Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
Components
supplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1.2). The acceptance of any such additional requirements
of Steel Products
shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must
A522/A522M Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9%
be included in the order as agreed upon between the purchaser
Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
and supplier.
Low-Temperature Service
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
A694/A694M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and
Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
High-Pressure Transmission Service
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
2
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as A961/A961M – 21. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A961/A961M − 21 A961/A961M − 23
Standard Specification for
Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,
1
Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A961/A961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts
for piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications:
Title of Specification ASTM Designation
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A105/A105M
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A181/A181M
Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A182/A182M
Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature
Service
Forgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A350/A350M
Toughness Testing for Piping Components
Forged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A522/A522M
Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts
for Low-Temperature Service
Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A694/A694M
Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure
Transmission Service
Flanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A707/A707M
Temperature Service
Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components with A727/A727M
Inherent Notch Toughness
Forgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A836/A836M
Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service
1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this general requirement
specification, the requirements of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.
1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section 4.1.2).
The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in
the order as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and the tables,
the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The
inch-pound units shall apply, unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22
on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021May 1, 2023. Published October 2021May 2023. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20202021 as
A961/A961M – 20.A961/A961M – 21. DOI: 10.1520/A0961_A0961M-21.10.1520/A0961_A0961M-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A961/A961M − 23
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
A181/A181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose Piping
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts
for High-Temperature Service
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping
Components
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A522/A522M Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges
...

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Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios may not be known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined when practical (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.  
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).  
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8530/D8530M-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for the Selection and Use of Waterstops

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used in the selection and installation of waterstops in cast-in-place concrete construction. This guide is intended to assist the building owner, owner’s representative, architect, engineer, contractor, and/or authorized inspector during the specification and installation of waterstops.  
4.2 This guide is applicable to cast-in-place concrete construction. The use of this guide may not be appropriate for installation of waterstops in other types of concrete construction, including but not limited to, pneumatically applied (that is, shotcrete) and precast concrete construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of waterstops within cast-in-place concrete construction. Waterstops are generally placed within static, non-moving construction joints in concrete to close off the joint to water, which may be under significant hydrostatic pressure. They are used as part of the overall waterproofing strategy for a building or other structure. Expansion and other types of moving joints may require the use of waterstops, which can accommodate the anticipated movement of the structure and are beyond the scope of this guide.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2956-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Monitoring the Neutron Exposure of LWR Reactor Pressure Vessels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Regulatory Requirements—The USA Code of Federal Regulations (10CFR Part 50, Appendix H) requires the implementation of a reactor vessel materials surveillance program for all operating LWRs. Other countries have similar regulations. The purpose of the program is to (1) monitor changes in the fracture toughness properties of ferritic materials in the reactor vessel beltline6 resulting from exposure to neutron irradiation and the thermal environment, and (2) make use of the data obtained from surveillance programs to determine the conditions under which the vessel can be operated with adequate margins of safety throughout its service life. Practice E185, derived mechanical property data, and (r, θ, z) physics-dosimetry data (derived from the calculations and reactor cavity and surveillance capsule measurements (1) using physics-dosimetry standards) can be used together with information in Guide E900 and Refs. 4, 11-18 to provide a relation between property degradation and neutron exposure, commonly called a “trend curve.” To obtain this trend curve at all points in the pressure vessel wall requires that the selected trend curve be used together with the appropriate (r, θ, z) neutron field information derived by use of this guide to accomplish the necessary interpolations and extrapolations in space and time.  
4.2 Neutron Field Characterization—The tasks required to satisfy the second part of the objective of 4.1 are complex and are summarized in Practice E853. In doing this, it is necessary to describe the neutron field at selected (r, θ, z) points within the pressure vessel wall. The description can be either time dependent or time averaged over the reactor service period of interest. This description can best be obtained by combining neutron transport calculations with plant measurements such as reactor cavity (ex-vessel) and surveillance capsule or RPV cladding (in-vessel) measurements, benchmark irradiations of dosimeter sensor materials, and knowledge of th...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the means and frequency of monitoring the neutron exposure of the LWR reactor pressure vessel throughout its operating life.  
1.2 The physics-dosimetry relationships determined from this guide may be used to estimate reactor pressure vessel damage through the application of Practice E693 and Guide E900, using fast neutron fluence (E > 1.0 MeV and E > 0.1 MeV), displacements per atom (dpa), or damage-function-correlated exposure parameters as independent exposure variables. Supporting the application of these standards are the E853, E944, E1005, and E1018 standards, identified in 2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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