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ASTM D5233-92(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes

Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to generate an extract with a concentration of the target analyte(s) representative of the expected release under the scenario simulated, and which can be compared with concentration levels acceptable in waste disposal, treatment, or production activities.  
5.2 The extraction conditions of the test method were chosen to simulate a potential disposal scenario to which the wastes may be exposed.  
5.3 One intent of this test method is that the amount of acid in the extraction fluids reflects the acid available from the leachate of a specific landfill where municipal and industrial wastes were co-disposed.6  
5.4 One intent of this test method is to not allow the pH of the extraction fluid to be lower than that of the leachate of a specific landfill where municipal and industrial wastes were co-disposed. Therefore, the pH of the extraction fluid was chosen with the following considerations:
(1) Not to be less than 4.93 ± 0.05 for the extraction of wastes with an acid neutralization capacity of less than the acid available in the total volume of extraction fluid used in the method (Extraction Fluid No. 1).
(2) At 2.88 ± 0.05, as defined by the pH of the acid, for the extraction of wastes with an acid neutralization capacity of more than the acid available in the extraction fluid used in the method (Extraction Fluid No. 2).  
5.5 The interpretation and use of the results of this test method are limited by the assumptions of a single co-disposal scenario and by the factors affecting the composition of a landfill leachate and chemical or other differences between a selected extraction fluid and the real landfill leachate.  
5.6 This test method may be affected by biological changes in the waste, and it is not designed to isolate or measure the effect of such processes.  
5.7 This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both minor and major constituents. When minor constituents are being determined,...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to the extraction of samples of treated or untreated solid wastes or sludges, or solidified waste samples, to provide an indication of the leaching potential.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide an extract for measurement of the concentration of the analytes of concern. The measured values may be compared against set or chosen acceptance levels in some applications.  
1.3 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and a total analysis of the waste demonstrates that individual analytes are not present in the waste, or that the chosen acceptance concentration levels could not possibly be exceeded, the test method need not be run.  
1.4 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and an analysis of any one of the liquid fractions of the extract indicates that the concentration of the target analyte is so high that, even after accounting for dilution from the other fractions of the extract, it would be equal to or above an acceptance concentration level, then the waste fails the test. In such a case it may not be necessary to analyze the remaining fractions of the extract.  
1.5 This test method is intended to provide an extract suitable for the measurement of the concentration of analytes that will not volatilize under the conditions of the test method.  
1.6 Presence of volatile analytes may be established if an analysis of the extract obtained using this test method detects the target volatile analyte. If its concentration is equal to or exceeds an acceptance level for that analyte, the waste fails the test. However, extract from this test method shall not be used to determine the concentration of volatile organic analytes.  
1.7 This test method is intended to describe only the procedure for performing a batch extraction. It does not describe all of the sampling and analytical requirements that may be associate...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2023
ICS
13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.04 - Waste Leaching Techniques
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5233-92(2017) - Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023

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ASTM D5233-92(2023) - Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5233 − 92 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
1
Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
1.1 This test method is applicable to the extraction of
are for information only.
samples of treated or untreated solid wastes or sludges, or
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
solidified waste samples, to provide an indication of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
leaching potential.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This test method is intended to provide an extract for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
measurement of the concentration of the analytes of concern.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
The measured values may be compared against set or chosen
For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 8.
acceptance levels in some applications.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.3 If the sole application of the test method is such a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
pass/fail comparison and a total analysis of the waste demon-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
strates that individual analytes are not present in the waste, or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
that the chosen acceptance concentration levels could not
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
possibly be exceeded, the test method need not be run.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.4 If the sole application of the test method is such a
2. Referenced Documents
pass/fail comparison and an analysis of any one of the liquid
2
fractions of the extract indicates that the concentration of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
target analyte is so high that, even after accounting for dilution D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
from the other fractions of the extract, it would be equal to or D420 Guide for Site Characterization for Engineering De-
above an acceptance concentration level, then the waste fails sign and Construction Purposes
the test. In such a case it may not be necessary to analyze the D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
remaining fractions of the extract. Fluids
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1.5 This test method is intended to provide an extract
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
suitable for the measurement of the concentration of analytes
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
that will not volatilize under the conditions of the test method.
of Coal
1.6 Presence of volatile analytes may be established if an
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process
analysis of the extract obtained using this test method detects
Streams
the target volatile analyte. If its concentration is equal to or
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
exceeds an acceptance level for that analyte, the waste fails the
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
test. However, extract from this test method shall not be used
Lot or Process
to determine the concentration of volatile organic analytes.
ES 16 Practice for the Generation of Environmental Data
3
Related to Waste Management Activites
1.7 This test method is intended to describe only the
procedure for performing a batch extraction. It does not
3. Terminology
describe all of the sampling and analytical requirements that
may be associated with the application of this test method.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used but not de-
fined in this test method, see Terminology D1129.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
2
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Leaching Techniques. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5233 – 92 (2017). the ASTM website.
3
DOI: 10.1520/D523
...

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4.5.1 Large particles can be mechanically excluded on a belt system. Large particles may accumulate at the bottom of an inclined/sloped belt system. Therefore, steps, if possible, need to be taken so that particles of all sizes have equal chances of being sampled.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes standard procedures for sampling waste on open and closed conveying systems and is applicable to any waste material that can be conveyed to a waste pile or container. The conveyor system can be a vertical (vertical lifts), sloped, or horizontal type.  
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4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.  
4.2 The pH of the extraction fluid used in this test method is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed.
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Note 2: For sequential batch extraction of waste using a nonacidic extraction fluid, see Test Method D4793.  
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4.6 This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor (trace) constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions be taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.  
4.7 This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the waste. This test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances, volatile matter (see Note 5), or biologically active samples.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for the sequential leaching of a waste containing at least 5 % dry solids in order to generate solutions to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.  
1.2 This test method calls for the shaking of a known weight of waste with acidic extraction fluid of a specified composition as well as the separation of the liquid phase for analysis. The pH of the extraction fluid is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed. The procedure is conducted ten times in sequence on the same sample of waste, and it generates ten solutions.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.  
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4.1 This guide is suitable for sampling heterogeneous wastes.  
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SCOPE
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5.1 These test methods are intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in identifying the flammability potential or waste materials. In addition to the test methods described here, flash points specific to liquid waste can be determined according to Test Method D8174 or D8175.
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1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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5.1 This practice is intended for use in the waste management industries to collect samples of unconsolidated waste from trucks. The sampling procedures described are general and should be used in conjunction with a site-specific work plan.  
5.2 The purpose of collecting waste samples directly from a truck (rather than the waste source) is often to verify (usually with screening analyses) that the waste contained in the truck is the same or similar material from a waste source that has been previously characterized and approved for treatment or disposal, or both. Additionally, it may be a safer or logistically easier to sample the waste from a truck over the waste source.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers several methods for collecting waste samples from trucks. These methods are adapted specifically for sampling unconsolidated solid wastes in bulk loads using several types of sampling equipment.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific precautionary statements.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5058-12(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
8.1 This practice is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in determining the compatibility of hazardous wastes before they are commingled.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover assessment of the compatibility/reactivity of waste. The individual practices are as follows:    
Sections  
Practice A—Commingled Waste Compatibility  
8 – 12  
Practice B—Polymerization Potential (Reaction with  
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Practice C—Water Compatibility  
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1.2 These practices are applicable to waste liquids, sludges, semi-solids, and solids.  
1.3 These practices are designed and intended as a preliminary or supplementary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that should be used to determine waste composition and compatibilities. This standard offers the user the option and the ability to screen wastes for potentially hazardous reactions when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown, and to screen compatibility when the composition is known. (Warning—Delayed or slow reactions of wastes may go unnoticed.)  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard and warning statements, see Sections 1.3, 6.1, 10, 11.2.3, 11.5.2, 16, and 23.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Guide for Sampling Waste Piles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide guidance for sampling waste piles. It can be used to obtain samples for waste characterization related to use, treatment, or disposal; to monitor an active pile; to prepare for closure of the waste pile; or to investigate the contents of an abandoned pile.  
4.2 Techniques used to sample include both in-place evaluations of the pile and physically removing a sample. In-place evaluations include techniques such as remote sensing, on-site gas analysis, and permeability.  
4.3 Sampling strategy for waste piles is dependent on the following:  
4.3.1 Project objectives, including acceptable levels of error when making decisions;  
4.3.2 Physical characteristics of the pile, such as its size and configuration, access to all parts of it, and the stability of the pile;  
4.3.3 Process that generated the waste and the waste characteristics, such as hazardous chemical or physical properties, whether the waste consists of sludges, dry powders, granules or larger grained materials, and the heterogeneity of the wastes;  
4.3.4 History of the pile, including dates of generation, methods of handling and transport, and current management methods;  
4.3.5 Regulatory considerations, such as regulatory classification and characterization data; and  
4.3.6 Limits and bias of sampling methods, including bias that may be introduced by waste heterogeneity, sampling design, and sampling equipment.  
4.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, which addresses sampling design, quality assurance, general sampling considerations, preservation and containerization, cleaning equipment, packaging, and chain of custody.  
4.5 A case history of the investigation of a waste pile is included in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance for obtaining representative samples from waste piles. Guidance is provided for site evaluation, sampling design, selection of equipment, and data interpretation.  
1.2 Waste piles include areas used primarily for waste storage or disposal, including above-grade dry land disposal units. This guide can be applied to sampling municipal waste piles.  
1.3 This guide addresses how the choice of sampling design and sampling methods depends on specific features of the pile.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The inch-pound units in parentheses are included for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off