ASTM D5514-94
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
Standard Test Method for Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the stress/time properties of geosynthetics by using hydrostatic pressure to compress the geosynthetic over synthetic or natural test bases consisting of manufactured test pyramids/cones, rocks, soil or voids.
1.2 This test method allows the user to determine the relative failure mode, points of failure for geosynthetics, or both.
1.3 This test method offers two distinct procedures.
1.3.1 Procedure A incorporates manufactured test pyramids or cones as the base of the testing apparatus. Procedure A is intended to create comparable data between laboratories, and can be used as a guide for routine acceptance test for various materials.
1.3.2 Procedure B incorporates site specific soil or other material selected by the user as the test base of the testing apparatus. Procedure B is a method for geosynthetic design for a specific site.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5514 – 94
Standard Test Method for
Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
poses
1.1 This test method evaluates the stress/time properties of
geosynthetics by using hydrostatic pressure to compress the
3. Terminology
geosynthetic over synthetic or natural test bases consisting of
3.1 Definitions:
manufactured test pyramids/cones, rocks, soil or voids.
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geomembranes, n—air main-
1.2 This test method allows the user to determine the
tained at a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature
relative failure mode, points of failure for geosynthetics, or
of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F).
both.
3.1.2 critical height (ch), n—the maximum exposed height
1.3 This test method offers two distinct procedures.
of a cone or pyramid that will not cause a puncture failure of
1.3.1 Procedure A incorporates manufactured test pyramids
a geosynthetic at a specified hydrostatic pressure for a given
or cones as the base of the testing apparatus. Procedure A is
period of time.
intended to create comparable data between laboratories, and
3.1.3 failure, n—in testing geosynthetics, water or air pres-
can be used as a guide for routine acceptance test for various
sure in the test vessel at failure of the geosynthetic.
materials.
3.1.4 hydrostatic pressure, n—a state of stress in which all
1.3.2 Procedure B incorporates site specific soil or other
the principal stresses are equal (and there is no shear stress), as
material selected by the user as the test base of the testing
in a liquid at rest; induced artificially by means of a gaged
apparatus. Procedure B is a method for geosynthetic design for
pressure system; the product of the unit weight of the liquid
a specific site.
and the difference in elevation between the given point and the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
free water elevation.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Procedure A:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
This procedure is an index type test which can be used as a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
guide for acceptance of commercial shipments of geosynthet-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ics. The standard cone and pyramid test fixtures can establish
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
critical height (ch) consistency with similar material from
previous lots or different suppliers, as well as testing from
2. Referenced Documents
other laboratories. However, due to the time required to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
perform tests, it is generally not recommended for routine
D 136 Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
2 acceptance testing.
Aggregates
3 4.2 Procedure B:
D 751 Method of Testing Coated Fabrics
4 This procedure is a performance test intended as a design aid
D 4439 Terminology for Geotextiles
used to simulate the in-situ behavior of geosynthetics under
D 4885 Test Method for Determining Performance Strength
4 hydrostatic compression. This test method may assist a design
of Geomembranes Using Wide Strip Testing
engineer in comparing the ability of several candidate geosyn-
D 5199 Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of
4 thetic materials to conform to a site specific subgrade under
Geotextiles
specified use and conditions.
5. Apparatus
5.1 For safe operation, the test vessel should have an
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
appropriate ASME pressure rating. The maximum pressure
branes.
rating of the vessel is dependent on the material being tested
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994.
Discontinued—Replaced by C117.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5514
and expected pressures to be encountered. Pressure can be geomembrane, a non-permeable sheet on the liquid medium side may be
used, provided adjustments are made for the strength of the non-
achieved from a regulated air system or a hydraulic pump.
permeable sheet (that is, 0.4 mm latex).
5.2 Subgrade Pan, several removable pans for configuring
7.3 The test specimen should be free of any scratches, folds,
various subgrades. Subgrade pans are to be built, with a depth
of 102 mm (4 in.), and with drain holes in the bottom of the pan or other abnormalities, unless the abnormality is the item of
interest.
to allow the pressurizing medium to flow through. The sub-
grade pan shall be constructed of a suitable material to support 7.4 Examine a total of three replicate test specimens.
a load of 1800 kPa (250 psi).
8. Conditioning
5.3 Leak Detection System, can be designed by using
8.1 Expose the specimens to the standard atmosphere for
displacement floats, moisture sensor, pressure sensors, a sight
testing geomembranes for a period long enough to allow the
glass, or other means that will accurately detect failure.
geomembranes to reach equilibrium with the standard atmo-
5.4 Layout Grid, for procedure B, the layout grid is to assist
sphere. Consider the specimen to be at moisture equilibrium
in determining deformation of the tested geosynthetic. The grid
when the change in mass of the specimen in successive
is placed flat against the test specimen that has been placed
weighings made at intervals of not less than 2 h does not
ready for testing. Depth readings will be taken in a prearranged
exceed 0.1 % of the mass of the specimen. Consider the
pattern over the entire area of the test specimen. The prear-
specimen to be at temperature equilibrium after1hof exposure
ranged area that the geosynthetic displacement depth is
to the standard atmosphere for testing.
checked must remain consistent throughout the complete
8.2 If the test is to simulate actual application, the test
testing. The depth is taken from the top of the grid to the
specimen should be conditioned for at least 40 h in that
surface of the test specimen. The layout grid is to be made of
environment. If there is not a specific environment, then the
3 mm (0.12 inch) aluminum rod with a grid layout of 50 3 50
conditioning should be in accordance with ASTM standard
mm (2 3 2 in.).
conditioning for the material being tested. If no such standard
5.5 Test Pyramids, the pyramid should be manufactured
exists, state the conditioning procedure used.
from aluminum or a hard plastic, i.e., epoxy or Lexan.
5.6 Test Cones, cones are more consistent when manufac-
9. Procedure A
tured out of a hard plastic, that is, epoxy.
9.1 Placement of the Subgrade—First place a geotextile or
5.7 Temperature Probe, used to measure the test chamber
other fabric in the bottom of the subgrade pan. The geotextile
temperature as well as the liquid temperature (if applicable).
is to be used to restrict movement of small particles of sand or
The accuracy of the temperature probe shall be 61°C.
rocks into the lower portion of the tester. Any geotextile or
5.8 Support Bridge, used to support the center of the
other fabric which has the capability of retaining the subgrade
subgrade pan to keep the pan from deflecting under load.
pan fill material and does not restrict the flow of the liquid
5.9 Pressure Measurement Gages, should be in a series such
medium is adequate.
that each lower pressure can be closed off as its maximum safe
NOTE 4—The use of any geotextile should not allow movement of the
operation pressure is reached. The series of gages should be 0
pyramids or cones in relation to the established subgrade. This movement
to 210 kPa (0 to 30 psi), 0 to 690 kPa (0 to 100 psi), and 0 to
could result in changes in the protrusion height durin
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.