ASTM E2552-08(2014)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Energetic Compounds
Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Energetic Compounds
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new energetic materials. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios are often not known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined only at advanced stages (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and with...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new munition constituents, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the munition technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents may include fuels, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the munition systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to the environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides a method for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the munition scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria.
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:
1.2.1 Energetic materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and compositions on the environment.
1.2.2.2 Environmental transport mechanisms of the unexploded energetics and composition.
1.2.2.3 Degradation and bioaccumulation properties.
1.2.3 Occupat...
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Designation: E2552 − 08(Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of
1
New Energetic Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2552; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Sustaining training operations while maintaining force health is vital to national security. Research
efforts are underway to identify energetic substances that have negligible environmental impacts and
implement them in military munitions. This guide is intended to provide a standardized method to
evaluatethepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofprospectivecandidateenergeticsubstances.Thisguide
is intended for use by technical persons with a broad knowledge of risk assessment, fate and transport
processes, and toxicology to provide recommendations to the research chemist or engineer regarding
the environmental consequences of use.
1. Scope 1.2 The scope of this guide includes:
1.2.1 Energetic materials and compositions in all stages of
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative envi-
research, development, test and evaluation.
ronmental influence of new munition constituents, consistent
withtheresearchanddevelopment(R&D)levelofeffortandis
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded
both the available funding and the stage of research,
energetics and compositions on the environment.
development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conserva-
1.2.2.2 Environmental transport mechanisms of the unex-
tive assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended
ploded energetics and composition.
early in the research stage, and as the munition technology is
1.2.2.3 Degradation and bioaccumulation properties.
matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition
1.2.3 Occupational health impacts from manufacture and
constituents may include fuels, oxidizers, explosives, binders,
use of the energetic substances and compositions to include
stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the
load, assembly, and packing of the related munitions.
formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems
range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training
1.3 Giventhewidearrayofapplications,themethodsinthis
simulators, smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of
guide are not prescriptive. They are intended to provide
issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and
flexible, general methods that can be used to evaluate factors
effects and the diversity of the munition systems used, this
important in determining environmental consequences from
guideisbroadinscopeandnotintendedtoaddresseveryfactor
use of the energetic substances.
thatmaybeimportantinanenvironmentalcontext.Rather,itis
intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering 1.4 Factors that affect the health of humans as well as the
themostimportantfactorsrelatedtotheenvironmentalimpacts
environment are considered early in the development process.
of energetic materials. This guide provides a method for Since some of these data are valuable in determining health
collectingdatausefulinarelativerankingproceduretoprovide
effects from generalized exposure, effects from occupational
the munition scientist with a sound basis for prospectively
exposures are also included.
determining a selection of candidates based on environmental
1.5 This guide does not address all processes and factors
and human health criteria.
important to the fate, transport, and potential for effects in
every system. It is intended to be balanced effort between
1
scientific and practical means to evaluate the relative environ-
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil-
mental effects of munition compounds resulting from intended
ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
use. It is the responsibility of the user to assess data quality as
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
well as sufficiently characterize the scope and magnitude of
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2552–08. DOI:
10.1520/E2552-08R14. uncertainty associated with any application of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2552 − 08 (2014)
1.6 This standard
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2552 − 08 E2552 − 08 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of
1
New Energetic Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2552; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Sustaining training operations while maintaining force health is vital to national security. Research
efforts are underway to identify energetic substances that have negligible environmental impacts and
implement them in military munitions. This guide is intended to provide a standardized method to
evaluate the potential environmental impacts of prospective candidate energetic substances. This guide
is intended for use by technical persons with a broad knowledge of risk assessment, fate and transport
processes, and toxicology to provide recommendations to the research chemist or engineer regarding
the environmental consequences of use.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new munition constituents, consistent with the
research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the
available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions,
relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the munition technology is matured, empirical data
will be developed and used. Munition constituents may include fuels, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and
other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades,
rockets/missiles, training simulators, smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of
environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the munition systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to
address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost
by considering the most important factors related to the environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides a
method for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the munition scientist with a sound basis for
prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria.
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:
1.2.1 Energetic materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and compositions on the environment.
1.2.2.2 Environmental transport mechanisms of the unexploded energetics and composition.
1.2.2.3 Degradation and bioaccumulation properties.
1.2.3 Occupational health impacts from manufacture and use of the energetic substances and compositions to include load,
assembly, and packing of the related munitions.
1.3 Given the wide array of applications, the methods in this guide are not prescriptive. They are intended to provide flexible,
general methods that can be used to evaluate factors important in determining environmental consequences from use of the
energetic substances.
1.4 Factors that affect the health of humans as well as the environment are considered early in the development process. Since
some of these data are valuable in determining health effects from generalized exposure, effects from occupational exposures are
also included.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008Oct. 1, 2014. Published May 2008December 2014. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
E2552–08. DOI: 10.1520/E2552-08.10.1520/E2552-08R14.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2552 − 08 (2014)
1.5 This guide does not address all processes and factors important to the fate, transport, and potential for effe
...
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