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ASTM B418-16

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc Anodes

Standard Specification for Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc Anodes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers cast and wrought galvanic zin anodes used for the cathodic protection of more noble metals and alloys in sea water, brackish water, other saline electrolytes, or other corrosive environments. The anodes shall undergo chemical analysis and spectrochemical analysis and shall conform to the required chemical compositions of aluminum, cadmium, iron, lead, copper, and zinc.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cast and wrought galvanic zinc anodes used for the cathodic protection of more noble metals and alloys in sea water, brackish water, other saline electrolytes, or other corrosive environments.  
1.2 Type I anodes are most commonly used for such applications. The Type I anode composition in this specification meets the chemical composition requirements of MIL-A-18001K.  
1.3 Zinc anodes conforming to this specification may be used in other waters, electrolytes, backfills, and soils where experience has shown that the specified composition is efficient and reliable. Type II anodes are most commonly used for such applications.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2016
ICS
25.220.01 - Surface treatment and coating in general
Technical Committee
B02 - Nonferrous Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B02.04 - Zinc and Cadmium
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B418-12 - Standard Specification for Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc Anodes
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Referred By
ASTM B949-23 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Products
Effective Date
01-May-2016

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B418 −16
StandardSpecification for
1
Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc Anodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B949 Specification for General Requirements for Zinc and
Zinc Alloy Products
1.1 This specification covers cast and wrought galvanic zinc
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
anodes used for the cathodic protection of more noble metals
Determine Conformance with Specifications
and alloys in sea water, brackish water, other saline
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
electrolytes, or other corrosive environments.
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
1.2 Type I anodes are most commonly used for such
E536 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Zinc and Zinc
applications. The Type I anode composition in this specifica-
Alloys
tion meets the chemical composition requirements of MIL-A-
3
2.2 Military Standard:
18001K.
MIL-A-18001K w/INT. AMENDMENT 3, 24 October
1.3 Zinc anodes conforming to this specification may be
2007 Military SpecificationAnodes Sacrificial ZincAlloy
used in other waters, electrolytes, backfills, and soils where
4
2.3 ISO Standards:
experiencehasshownthatthespecifiedcompositionisefficient
ISO 3815-1 Zinc and zinc alloys — Part 1:Analysis of solid
and reliable. Type II anodes are most commonly used for such
samples by optical emission spectrometry
applications.
ISO 3815-2 Zinc and zinc alloys — Part 2: Analysis by
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3. Terminology
and are not considered standard.
3.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
B899.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar
3.2.1 cathodic protection, n—reduction of corrosion by
with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided making the protected metal the cathode in a conducting
medium by applying direct current.
by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health
practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limi-
3.2.2 galvanic anode, n—a metal electrode that sacrificially
tations prior to use.
corrodes when coupled to a more noble metal in a conducting
medium, and thereby supplies a protective electric current to
2. Referenced Documents
the noble electrode.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 ribbon anode, n—a long, continuous sacrificial anode
B6 Specification for Zinc
shape, with a diamond, square, rectangular, oval, or other
B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Al-
cross-section, most commonly made of zinc, magnesium or
loys
aluminum, having a core wire normally made of steel, that is
usually supplied in coils or reels of 100 to 3600 ft depending
upon size and cross-section.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on
3.2.4 saline electrolyte, n—a solution consisting of mainly
Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the chlorides of the alkali metals.
B02.04 on Zinc and Cadmium.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2016.PublishedJuly2016.Originallyapproved
in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as B418 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/
B0418-16.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B418−16
TABLE 2 Minimum Number of Anodes in Sample
4. Ordering Information
Minimum Number of
4.1 Orders for zinc anodes under this specification shall Number of Anodes in Lot
Anodes in Sample
include information as specified in Specification B949.
1to500 2
500 to 1000 3
4.2 Add
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B418 − 12 B418 − 16
Standard Specification for
1
Cast and Wrought Galvanic Zinc Anodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers cast and wrought galvanic zinc anodes used for the cathodic protection of more noble metals and
alloys in sea water, brackish water, other saline electrolytes, or other corrosive environments.
1.2 Type I anodes are most commonly used for such applications. The Type I anode composition in this specification meets the
chemical composition requirements of MIL-A-18001K.
1.3 Zinc anodes conforming to this specification may be used in other waters, electrolytes, backfills, and soils where experience
has shown that the specified composition is efficient and reliable. Type II anodes are most commonly used for such applications.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS)(SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices,
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B6 Specification for Zinc
B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Alloys
B949 Specification for General Requirements for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Products
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
E536 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Zinc and Zinc Alloys
3
2.2 Military Standard:
MIL-A-18001K w/INT. AMENDMENT 3, 24 October 2007 Military Specification Anodes Sacrificial Zinc Alloy
4
2.3 ISO Standards:
ISO 3815-1 Zinc and zinc alloys — Part 1: Analysis of solid samples by optical emission spectrometry
ISO 3815-2 Zinc and zinc alloys — Part 2: Analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with Terminology B899.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cathodic protection, n—reduction of corrosion by making the protected metal the cathode in a conducting medium by
applying direct current.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.04 on Zinc
and Cadmium.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012May 1, 2016. Published July 2012July 2016. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20092012 as
B418 – 09.B418 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/B0418-12.10.1520/B0418-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA
19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil. 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B418 − 16
3.2.2 galvanic anode, n—a metal electrode that sacrificially corrodes when coupled to a more noble metal in a conducting
medium, and thereby supplies a protective electric current to the noble electrode.
3.2.3 ribbon anode, n—a long, continuous sacrificial anode shape, with a diamond, square, rectangular, oval, or other
cross-section, most commonly made of zinc, magnesium or aluminum, having a core wir
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers cast and wrought galvanic zin anodes used for the cathodic protection of more noble metals and alloys in sea water, brackish water, other saline electrolytes, or other corrosive environments. The anodes shall undergo chemical analysis and spectrochemical analysis and shall conform to the required chemical compositions of aluminum, cadmium, iron, lead, copper, and zinc.
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1.1 This specification covers cast and wrought galvanic zinc anodes used for the cathodic protection of more noble metals and alloys in sea water, brackish water, other saline electrolytes, or other corrosive environments.  
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4.1 The present trend in environmental testing of materials with electrically conductive surfaces is to produce, under accelerated laboratory conditions, corrosion and film-forming reactions that are similar to those that cause failures in service environments. In many of these procedures the parts under test are exposed for days or weeks to controlled quantities of both water vapor and pollutant gases, which may be present in extremely dilute concentrations.
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Conformable Eddy Current Sensors—Conformable, eddy current sensors can be used on both flat and curved surfaces, including fillets, cylindrical surfaces, etc. When used with models for predicting the sensor response and appropriate algorithms, these sensors can measure variations in physical properties, such as electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability, or both, as well as thickness of conductive coatings on any substrate and nonconductive coatings on conductive substrates or on a conducting coating. These property variations can be used to detect and characterize heterogeneous regions within the conductive coatings, for example, regions of locally higher porosity.  
4.2 Sensors and Sensor Arrays—Depending on the application, either a single-sensing element sensor or a sensor array can be used for coating characterization. A sensor array provides a better capability to map spatial variations in coating thickness or conductivity, or both (reflecting, for example, porosity variations), and provides better throughput for scanning large areas. The size of the sensor footprint and the size and number of sensing elements within an array depend on the application requirements and constraints, and the nonconductive (for example, ceramic) coating thickness.  
4.3 Coating Thickness Range—The conductive coating thickness range over which a sensor performs best depends on the difference between the electrical conductivity of the substrate and conductive coating and available frequency range. For example, a specific sensor geometry with a specific frequency range for impedance measurements may provide acceptable performance for an MCrAlY coating over a nickel-alloy substrate for a relatively wide range of conductive coating thickness, for example, from 75 to 400 μm (0.003 to 0.016 in.). Yet, for another conductive coating-substrate combination, this range may be 10 to 100 μm (0.0004 to 0.004 in.). The coating characterization performance may also depend on the thick...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of conformable eddy current sensors for nondestructive characterization of coatings without standardization on coated reference parts. It includes the following: (1) thickness measurement of a conductive coating on a conductive substrate, (2) detection and characterization of local regions of increased porosity of a conductive coating, and (3) measurement of thickness for nonconductive coatings on a conductive substrate or on a conductive coating. This practice includes only nonmagnetic coatings on either magnetic (μ ≠ μ0) or nonmagnetic (μ = μ0) substrates. In addition to discrete coatings on substrates, this practice can also be used to measure the effective thickness of a process-affected zone (for example, shot peened layer for aluminum alloys, alpha case for titanium alloys) and to assess the condition of other layered media such as joints (for example, lap joints and skin panels over structural supports). For specific types of coated parts, the user may need a more specific procedure tailored to a specific application.  
1.2 Specific uses of conventional eddy current sensors are covered by Practices D7091 and E376 and the following test methods issued by ASTM: B244 and E1004. Guidance for the use of conformable eddy current sensor arrays is provided in Guide E2884.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized ...

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM F1178-11(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Performance of Enameling System, Baking, Metal Joiner Work and Furniture

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance of enameling system and baking primer on metal joiner work and furniture. Specification includes procedures for cleaning, degreasing, enameling, and texturing. Performance criteria shall include test panel description, primer test panel preparation, salt spray exposure, blistering resistance, corrosion resistance, enamel test panel preparation, gloss, hardness, paint cure, adhesion, flexibility, impact resistance, and color stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance of a baking primer and enamel on metal for use on fabricated metal products, including marine furniture and joiner work.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The metric (SI) units, given in parentheses, are for information only.  
1.3 Painting facilities shall comply with all applicable Federal and State regulations regarding emissions and waste disposal.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6676/D6676M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Exterior Pipeline Coatings at Elevated Temperatures Using Interior Heating

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Damage to a pipe coating is almost unavoidable during transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Spontaneous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. Usually exterior pipeline coatings applied over pipes carrying hot media (oil, gas) are exposed to high temperature inside the pipe and low temperature outside and subjected to temperature gradient. Heat flux is directed from metal (substrate) to the coating. This test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbondment to occur under simulated heating and provides a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of action.  
4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test specimens. Usually there is no correlation between the two methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant. Physical examination consists of assessing the effective contact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found that the cathodically disbonded area propagates from an area where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion may also be present.  
4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:  
4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the coating that was not immersed in the test liquid, and  
4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the result of cathodic disbondment.  
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance. The virtue of this...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes an accelerated procedure for determining comparative characteristics of coating systems applied to the exterior of steel pipe for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground or immersion where the pipe is carrying heated media and is under cathodic protection. This test method is intended for use with samples of coated pipe, or with a specimen cut from the section of coated pipe or flat plates and is applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.  
1.2 This test method is intended to simulate conditions when external coatings are exposed to high temperature inside the pipe and to an ambient temperature outside, and thus are subjected to temperature gradient. If elevated temperatures are required but without temperature gradient, see Test Method G42.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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