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ASTM F2130-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticide Formulation Through Protective Clothing Materials

Standard Test Method for Measuring Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticide Formulation Through Protective Clothing Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This standard can be used for laboratory screening of protective clothing material used to manufacture garments and accessories worn by pesticide workers.
The standard can be used for the development and evaluation of new protective clothing materials.
The standard can be used for the evaluation of protective clothing materials against new pesticide formulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This method measures repellency, retention and penetration of a known volume of liquid pesticide when applied to protective clothing material. No external hydrostatic or mechanical pressure is applied to the test specimen during or after the application of the liquid pesticide.
1.2 This method is designed to measure performance of protective clothing materials at two levels of contamination. Low level of contamination is achieved by applying 0.1 mL liquid formulation and high level by applying 0.2 mL.
1.3 This test method does not measure resistance to permeation or degradation.
1.4 This test method is suitable for field strength pesticide formulations. This method may not be suitable for testing protective clothing materials against volatile pesticides.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2001
ICS
13.340.10 - Protective clothing
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.30 - Chemicals
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F2130-09 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticide Formulation Through Protective Clothing Materials
Effective Date
01-Feb-2009
Referred By
ASTM F1296-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM F2669-12(2018) - Standard Performance Specification for Protective Clothing Worn by Operators Applying Pesticides (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001

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ASTM F2130-01 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticide Formulation Through Protective Clothing MaterialsASTM F2130-01 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticide Formulation Through Protective Clothing Materials
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ASTM F2130-01 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid Pesticide Formulation Through Protective Clothing Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2130–01
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Repellency, Retention, and Penetration of Liquid
Pesticide Formulation Through Protective Clothing
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2130; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The health and safety of agricultural workers involved in the mixing, loading and application of
liquidpesticidescanbeaffectedbydermalexposuretoliquidpesticideformulations.Useofprotective
clothing can assist in minimizing the danger of contact with potentially harmful pesticides. Nonporous
materials that provide excellent protection to the user are usually not suitable for many agricultural
environments where there is a potential for heat stress. Therefore, garments made of porous materials
which can provide a balance between risk from pesticide exposure and user comfort can also be used
as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for agricultural workers. The movement of liquid pesticides
through these materials is primarily due to penetration through spaces between fibers and interstices
between yarns. As these materials provide protection either by repelling or retaining liquid pesticide,
the measurement of these properties are also important. This test method is used to measure
repellency, retention, and penetration of liquid pesticides through protective clothing materials.
The degree of contamination depends on numerous factors such as type of exposure, application
technique, and pesticide formulation. Worker exposure to liquid pesticides can range from low
exposure due to spray drift to high exposure as in the case of an accidental spill while mixing or
handling of concentrates. As the level of exposure can vary considerably, this method is designed to
rate relative performance of PPE materials at two levels of contamination.
1. Scope 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 Thismethodmeasuresrepellency,retentionandpenetra-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion of a known volume of liquid pesticide when applied to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
protective clothing material. No external hydrostatic or me-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
chanical pressure is applied to the test specimen during or after
the application of the liquid pesticide.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This method is designed to measure performance of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
protective clothing materials at two levels of contamination.
D 123 Terminology Related to Textiles
Low level of contamination is achieved by applying 0.1 mL
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
liquid formulation and high level by applying 0.2 mL.
F 1494 Terminology Related to Protective Clothing
1.3 This test method does not measure resistance to perme-
ation or degradation.
3. Terminology
1.4 This test method is suitable for field strength pesticide
3.1 Definitions:
formulations. This method may not be suitable for testing
3.1.1 analytical technique, n—a procedure whereby the
protective clothing materials against volatile pesticides.
concentration of the test chemical in a collection medium is
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
quantitatively determined.
standard.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.30 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Chemicals. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved August 10, 2001. Published October 2001. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2130–01
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The procedure selected is often based 4.1.2 The contaminated test specimen, collector layer, and
on the pesticide to be analyzed. Applicable techniques include paperusedtoremoveliquidfromthesurfaceofthematerialare
but are not limited to gas chromatography, high pressure liquid separated and extracted.
chromatography, and radionuclide tagging/detection counting. 4.1.3 The extracts are analyzed quantitatively.
4.1.4 Dataareusedtocalculatepercentrepellency,pesticide
3.1.2 coated fabric, n—a flexible material composed of a
textile fabric and an adherent polymeric or other material retention, and penetration.
applied to one or both surfaces.
5. Significance and Use
3.1.3 degradation, n—a deleterious change in one or more
properties of a material.
5.1 This standard can be used for laboratory screening of
3.1.4 liquid pesticide formulation, n—a mixture of raw
protective clothing material used to manufacture garments and
materials, including but not limited to active ingredients, inert
accessories worn by pesticide workers.
ingredients, and a base solvent.
5.2 The standard can be used for the development and
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Additional ingredients could include
evaluation of new protective clothing materials.
emulsifiers and surfactants. Solvents used in the formulation
5.3 Thestandardcanbeusedfortheevaluationofprotective
could be water, isopropyl alcohol, or petroleum distillate. Solid
clothing materials against new pesticide formulations.
materials(powders,granules,andsoforth)maybedissolvedor
emulsified to form a liquid or suspension. These formulations
6. Apparatus and Materials
may be ready to use or concentrates which require dilution to
6.1 Apparatus and materials for contamination of test speci-
field strength.
men:
3.1.5 penetration, n—the flow of a chemical through clo-
6.1.1 Liquid Pesticide Formulation, to contaminate the test
sures, porous materials, seams, and pinholes or other imper-
specimen.
fections in a protective clothing material on a nonmolecular
NOTE 1—Diluted and concentrated formulations can be used with this
level.
test method.
3.1.6 permeation, n—the process by which a chemical
6.1.2 Pipettor, with disposable pipet tip, mounted on a
moves through a protective clothing material on a molecular
support stand, for pipetting 0.1 6 0.002 mL of liquid for low
level.
contamination level and 0.2 6 0.004 mL for high contamina-
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Permeation involves: (1) sorption of
tion level.
molecules of the chemical into the contacted surface of a
6.1.3 Specimen Holder, that consists of a base plate (10 3
material; (2) diffusion of the sorbed molecules in the material;
10cm)andacoverplate(10 310cmwitha6 36cmopening
and (3) desorption of the molecules from the opposite surface
in the center).The specimen holder is made of Plexiglas (4 mm
of the material.
thickness).
3.1.7 pesticide retention, n—the amount of pesticide active
6.1.4 Stopwatch, to measure time in minutes.
ingredient retained in the protective clothing material.
6.1.5 Two 8 3 8 cm Squares of Whatman Benchkote Plus
3.1.8 protective clothing material, n—any element, con-
Paper, (absorbent paper backed by polyethylene film) per test
stituent or substance from which protective clothing is com-
specimen. One square is used to measure penetration, and the
posed or can be made.
second to measure repellency.
3.1.9 repellency, n—the characteristic to resist wetting and
penetration by a liquid.
NOTE 2—Substitutions are not recommended, as due to differences in
3.1.10 For other textile terminology see Terminology
sorptive properties, use of absorbent papers other than Benchkote Plus
may affect the test results.
D 123.
3.1.11 For other protective clothing terminology see Termi-
6.1.6 Container, to discard contaminated materials.
nology F 1494.
6.1.7 Fume Hood, with airflow control and a glass door
6.2 Apparatus and materials for the extraction:
4. Summary of Test Method
6.2.1 Solvent, appropriate for extraction of pesticide.
4.1 Apipettor is used to apply liquid pesticide to the surface
NOTE 3—Selection of the solvent is dependent on the pesticide and the
of the test assembly. The test assembly consists of single or
analytical method used. A minimum extraction efficiency of 95 % is
required. Procedure to calculate extraction is given in 8.3. Solvent with
multiple layer protective clothing material (test specimen) and
high volatility may not be appropriate, as there may be e
...

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1.1 This test method measures cut resistance of garments and devices worn to protect the lower body (legs) when operating a chainsaw.  
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1.3 This test method may be used to determine levels of protection for areas of coverage as stipulated in established safety standards.  
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SCOPE
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1.3 Use of this guide is facilitated by adherence to procedures outlined in a standard test method.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurements are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F1296-08(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee F23 and other technical committees can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in the development, selection, specification, and use of chemical protective clothing.  
4.2 The standards are intended as a means by which information can be requested, generated, and reported in a consistent, comparable manner.  
4.3 The suggested evaluation and test methods are recommended guidelines only. Test methods offer procedures for evaluating chemical protective clothing at standardized conditions to allow comparison.  
4.4 The information on clothing performance must be combined with professional judgment and a clear understanding of the clothing application to provide the best protection to the worker. All chemical protective clothing use must be based on a hazard assessment to determine the risks for exposure to chemicals and other hazards. Conduct hazard assessments in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132.  
4.5 Chemical protective clothing intended for use during hazardous materials emergencies shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1991, Standard on Vapor-Protective Ensemble for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, or NFPA 1992, Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Ensemble and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies, as appropriate for the type of emergency. For emergencies involving release of chemical agents during terrorism incidents, chemical protective clothing shall be evaluated against and conform to NFPA 1994, Standard on Protective Ensemble for Chemical/Biological Terrorism Incidents.  
4.6 Recommendations for labeling chemical protective clothing are provided in Practice F1301, recommendations for implementing a chemical protective clothing program are provided in Practice F1461, and recommendations for preparing care and maintenance instructions are provided in Practice F2061.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to aid in the application of standards for the development, specification, and selection of chemical protective clothing with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals.  
1.2 This guide provides a short description of each referenced standard and then makes specific recommendations for the use of these standards. The referenced standards are organized under the following headings: Material Chemical Resistance, Material Physical Properties, Seam and Closure Performance, and Overall Clothing Performance.  
1.3 No protocol can ensure the selection of protective clothing that guarantees worker protection. The purpose of testing is to generate data and information that will allow the selection of the most appropriate clothing. Ultimately, clothing selection is based on technical evaluation of available information and professional assessment of risk.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3352/F3352M-23b(Specification)
Standard Specification for Isolation Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes minimum requirements for the performance and labeling of isolation gowns intended for use by healthcare workers to provide protection for standard and transmission-based precautions. The intended use of this specification is to ensure the performance properties of isolation gowns for the protection of the wearer. Four levels of barrier properties for isolation gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB 70, and are included in this specification for reference purposes.  
1.2 There are other types of gowns that are used in healthcare settings, including: cover gowns, procedure gowns, comfort gowns, precaution gowns, and open-back gowns. All gowns not meeting the definition of isolation gown in 3.1.7 as defined by ANSI/AAMI PB70 are excluded from this standard.  
1.3 This specification does not address protective clothing used for surgical applications, such as surgical gowns or decontamination gowns; protective clothing for the hands, such as surgical gloves, patient examination gloves, or other medical gloves; protective clothing for the head, such as goggles or face shields, surgical caps or hoods, surgical masks, or respirators; protective clothing for the feet, such as operating room shoes, shoe covers, or surgical boots; or other types of protective clothing and equipment worn by healthcare providers.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2407/F2407M-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Surgical Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for the performance, documentation, and labeling of surgical gowns used in the healthcare facilities. It does not however cover all the requirements that a healthcare facility deems necessary to select a product, nor does it address criteria for evaluating experimental products. Barrier testing shall be conducted to determine the impact penetration, hydrostatic resistance, and viral penetration resistance performance of the critical zone(s) of the surgical gown. The physical properties of the critical zone(s) of the surgical gown shall also be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: tensile strength, tear resistance, seam strength, lint generation, evaporative resistance, and water vapor transmission rate. General safety requirements shall be set based on biocompatibility, sterility assurance, flame spread, and natural rubber latex specifications.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification provides minimum requirements for surgical gowns used for protection of healthcare workers where the potential for exposure to blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials exists. The specification requires barrier testing based on the system of classifying gowns established in ANSI/AAMI PB70 and sets general safety requirements for surgical gowns based on biocompatibility, sterility assurance, and flame spread. Performance requirements are established for important physical properties, including tensile strength, tear strength, and seam strength. Methods to be used for optional reporting of performance of linting resistance, evaporative resistance, water vapor transmission rate, and abrasion resistance are provided.  
4.2 This specification does not address protective clothing used for nonsurgical applications, such as isolation gowns or decontamination gowns; protective clothing for the hands, such as surgical gloves, patient examination gloves, or other medical gloves; protective clothing for the head, such as goggles or face shields, surgical caps or hoods, surgical masks, or respirators; protective clothing for the feet, such as operating room shoes, shoe covers, or surgical boots; or other types of protective clothing and equipment worn by healthcare providers.  
4.3 Surgical gowns are either multiple-use or single-use products as designated by the manufacturer. This specification is intended to provide the basis for manufacturer claims for surgical gown performance and efficacy. For multiple-use gowns, this specification takes into account the anticipated care and maintenance of these products by examining test requirements for surgical gown materials both before and after the maximum expected number of cycles for laundering and sterilization.  
4.4 Additional information on the processing of multiple-use surgical gowns is provided in ANSI/AAMI ST65.  
4.5 While surgical gowns are classified for barrier performance...
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for the performance, documentation, and labeling of surgical gowns used in healthcare facilities. Four levels of barrier properties for surgical gowns are specified in ANSI/AAMI PB70 and are included in this specification for reference purposes.
Note 1: Some properties require minimum performance and others are for documentation only.
Note 2: ANSI/AAMI PB70 evaluates the barrier properties of surgical gown fabrics using water only in Levels 1, 2, and 3. Since surgical gowns are exposed to blood and other fluids with different surface tensions, the performance of additional testing to identify the barrier levels to simulated biological fluids is required for a Level 4 gown.  
1.2 This specification does not cover all the requirements that a healthcare facility deems necessary to select a product, nor does it address criteria for evaluating experimental products.  
1.3 This specification is not intended to serve as a detailed manufacturing or purchase...

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ASTM
ASTM F1868-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss provided by fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, is of considerable importance in determining their suitability for use in fabricating protective clothing systems.  
4.1.1 The thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss can be significantly affected by environmental conditions. Extreme care must be taken when using results measured under standard testing conditions to determine a material’s suitability for use in conditions outside the testing conditions.  
4.2 The thermal interchange between people and their environment is an extremely complicated subject that involves many factors in addition to the steady-state resistance values of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies. Therefore, thermal resistance values, evaporative resistance values, and total heat loss measured on a hot plate may or may not indicate relative merit of a particular material or system for a given clothing application. While a possible indicator of clothing performance, measurements produced by the testing of fabrics have no proven correlation to the performance of clothing systems worn by people. Clothing weight, drape, tightness of fit, and so forth, can minimize or even neutralize the apparent differences between fabrics or fabric assemblies measured by this test method.  
4.3 The thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems and items can be measured with a heated sweating manikin in an environmental chamber in accordance with Test Methods F1291, F2370, and F3426.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and total heat loss under steady-state conditions of fabrics, films, coatings, foams, and leathers, including multi-layer assemblies, for use in clothing systems.  
1.2 The range of this measurement technique for intrinsic thermal resistance is from 0.002 to 0.5 K·m2/W and for intrinsic evaporative resistance is from 0.0 to 1.0 kPa·m 2/W. The total heat loss range is from 0.0 to 1300 W/m2.  
1.3 The values in SI units shall be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are provided in this standard but are not regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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