ASTM D4065-12

Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a method for determining elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature, frequency or time, or both. A plot of the elastic modulus and loss modulus of material versus temperature provides a graphical representation of elasticity and damping as a function of temperature or frequency.  
5.2 This procedure can be used to locate transition temperatures of plastics, that is, changes in the molecular motions of a polymer. In the temperature ranges where significant changes occur, elastic modulus decreases rapidly with increasing temperature (at constant or near constant frequency) or increases with increasing frequency (at constant temperature). A maximum is observed for the loss modulus, as well as for the tan delta curve, in the transition region.  
5.3 This procedure can be used, for example, to evaluate by comparison to known reference materials or control materials:  
5.3.1 Degree of phase separation in multicomponent systems,  
5.3.2 Filler type, amount, pretreatment, and dispersion, and  
5.3.3 Effects of certain processing treatment.  
5.4 This procedure can be used to determine the following:  
5.4.1 Stiffness of polymer composites, especially as a function of temperature,  
5.4.2 Degree of polymer crystallinity, and  
5.4.3 Magnitude of triaxial stress state in the rubber phase of rubber modified polymers.  
5.5 This procedure is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
5.6 Procedural modifications in material specifications take precedence to this practice. Therefore, consult the appropriate material specification before using this practice. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and reporting dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory practice for determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a variety of instruments of the type commonly called dynamic mechanical analyzers or dynamic thermomechanical analyzers.  
1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determining the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of plastics over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration techniques. Plots of elastic and loss moduli are indicative of the viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are functions of temperature or frequency in plastics, and change rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions of rapid moduli change are normally referred to as transition regions.  
1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a range of temperatures from −160°C to polymer degradation and is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.  
1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa (73 psi to 1.5 × 10 7  psi).  
1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when obtained under differing experimental conditions. Without changing the observed data, reporting in full (as described in this practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained will enable apparent differences observed in another study to be reconciled. An assumption of this technique is that testing is conducted in the region of linear viscoelastic behavior.  
1.6 Different modes of deformation, such as tensile, bending and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.  
1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to est...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2012
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4065 − 12
Standard Practice for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and
1
Report of Procedures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and report-
only.
ing dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory prac-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tice for determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a
responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appro-
variety of instruments of the type commonly called dynamic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mechanicalanalyzersordynamicthermomechanicalanalyzers.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determin-
statements are given in Section 8.
ing the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of
plastics over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by NOTE 1—This practice is equivalent to ISO 6721–1.
free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration
2. Referenced Documents
techniques.Plotsofelasticandlossmoduliareindicativeofthe
2
viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are 2.1 ASTM Standards:
functions of temperature or frequency in plastics, and change D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
of rapid moduli change are normally referred to as transition als
regions. D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
Properties
1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a
D4440TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
range of temperatures from−160°C to polymer degradation
erties Melt Rheology
and is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.
D5023TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an
erties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa (73 psi
D5024TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
7
to 1.5×10 psi).
erties: In Compression
1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when ob- D5026TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
tainedunderdifferingexperimentalconditions.Withoutchang- erties: In Tension
ing the observed data, reporting in full (as described in this D5279TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained erties: In Torsion
will enable apparent differences observed in another study to D5418TestMethodforPlastics:DynamicMechanicalProp-
bereconciled.Anassumptionofthistechniqueisthattestingis erties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)
E1867TestMethodforTemperatureCalibrationofDynamic
conducted in the region of linear viscoelastic behavior.
Mechanical Analyzers
1.6 Differentmodesofdeformation,suchastensile,bending
E2254Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of
and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and
E2425Test Method for Loss Modulus Conformance of
appropriate for use in engineering design.
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
2
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4065-06. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4065-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4065 − 12
2.2 ISO Standard: 5.6 Procedural modifications in material specifications take
ISO6721–1Plastics—DeterminationofDynamicMechani- precedence to this practice. There
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4065 − 06 D4065 − 12
Standard Practice for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and
1
Report of Procedures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4065; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and reporting dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory practice for
determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a variety of
instruments of the type commonly called dynamic mechanical analyzers or dynamic thermomechanical analyzers.
1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determining the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of plastics
over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration techniques. Plots
of elastic and loss moduli are indicative of the viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are functions of temperature
or frequency in plastics, and change rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions of rapid moduli change are
normally referred to as transition regions.
1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a range of temperatures from −160°C to polymer degradation and is
valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.
1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa [73(73 psi to
7
1.5 × 10 psi].psi).
1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when obtained under differing experimental conditions. Without changing the
observed data, reporting in full (as described in this practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained will enable
apparent differences observed in another study to be reconciled. An assumption of this technique is that testing is conducted in the
region of linear viscoelastic behavior.
1.6 Different modes of deformation, such as tensile, bending and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.
1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in bracketsparentheses are for information
only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.
NOTE 1—This practice is equivalent to ISO 6721–1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
D4440 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties Melt Rheology
D5023 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006Aug. 1, 2012. Published December 2006September 2012. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20012006
as D4065 - 01.D4065 - 06. DOI: 10.1520/D4065-06.10.1520/D4065-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4065 − 12
D5024 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Compression
D5026 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Tension
D5279 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Torsion
D5418 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Prop
...