ASTM E1023-23
(Guide)Standard Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses
Standard Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Adverse effects on natural populations of aquatic organisms and their uses have demonstrated the need to assess the hazards of many new, and some presently used, materials. The process described herein will help producers, users, regulatory agencies, and others to efficiently and adequately compare alternative materials, completely assess a final candidate material, or reassess the hazard of a material already in use.
5.2 Sequential assessment and feedback allow appropriate judgments concerning efficient use of resources, thereby minimizing unnecessary testing and focusing effort on the information most pertinent to each material. For different materials and situations, assessment of hazard will appropriately be based on substantially different amounts and kinds of biological, chemical, physical, and toxicological data.
5.3 Assessment of the hazard of a material to aquatic organisms and their uses should never be considered complete for all time. Reassessment should be considered if the amount of production, use, or disposal increases, new uses are discovered, or new information on biological, chemical, physical, or toxicological properties becomes available. Periodic review will help assure that new circumstances and information receive prompt appropriate attention.
5.4 If there is substantial transformation to another material, the hazard of both materials may need to be assessed.
5.5 In many cases, consideration of adverse effects should not end with completion of the hazard assessment. Additional steps should often include risk assessment, decisions concerning acceptability of identified hazards and risks, and mitigative actions.
5.6 Because this practice deals mostly with adverse effects on aquatic organisms and their uses, it is important that mitigative actions, such as improved treatment of aqueous effluents, not result in unacceptable effects on non-aquatic organisms. Thus, this standard should be used with other information in order to a...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes a stepwise process for using information concerning the biological, chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of a material to identify adverse effects likely to occur to aquatic organisms and their uses as a result of release of the material to the environment. The material will usually be a specific chemical, although it might be a group of chemicals that have very similar biological, chemical, physical, and toxicological properties and are usually produced, used, and discarded together.
1.2 The hazard assessment process is complex and requires decisions at a number of points; thus, the validity of a hazard assessment depends on the soundness of those decisions, as well as the accuracy of the information used. All decisions should be based on reasonable worst-case analyses so that an appropriate assessment can be completed for the least cost that is consistent with scientific validity.
1.3 This guide assumes that the reader is knowledgeable in aquatic toxicology and related pertinent areas. A list of general references is provided (1).2
1.4 This guide does not describe or reference detailed procedures for estimating or measuring environmental concentrations, or procedures for determining the maximum concentration of test material that is acceptable in the food of predators of aquatic life. However, this guide does describe how such information should be used when assessing the hazard of a material to aquatic organisms and their uses.
1.5 Because assessment of hazard to aquatic organisms and their uses is a relatively new activity within aquatic toxicology, most of the guidance provided herein is qualitative rather than quantitative. When possible, confidence limits should be calculated and taken into account.
1.6 This guide provides guidance for assessing hazard but does not provide guidance on how to take into account social considerations in order to judge the acceptabil...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1023 − 23
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms
1
and Their Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope quantitative. When possible, confidence limits should be cal-
culated and taken into account.
1.1 This guide describes a stepwise process for using
1.6 This guide provides guidance for assessing hazard but
information concerning the biological, chemical, physical, and
does not provide guidance on how to take into account social
toxicological properties of a material to identify adverse effects
considerations in order to judge the acceptability of the hazard.
likely to occur to aquatic organisms and their uses as a result of
Judgments concerning acceptability are social as well as
release of the material to the environment. The material will
scientific, and are outside the scope of this guide.
usually be a specific chemical, although it might be a group of
chemicals that have very similar biological, chemical, physical,
1.7 This guide is arranged as follows:
and toxicological properties and are usually produced, used,
Section
and discarded together.
Referenced Documents 2
Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard 3
1.2 The hazard assessment process is complex and requires
Summary of Guide 4
decisions at a number of points; thus, the validity of a hazard Significance and Use 5
Four Basic Concepts 6
assessment depends on the soundness of those decisions, as
The Iteration 6.1
well as the accuracy of the information used. All decisions
The Two Elements 6.2
The Possible Decisions 6.3
should be based on reasonable worst-case analyses so that an
The Phased Approach 6.4
appropriate assessment can be completed for the least cost that
Phase I—Use of Low-Cost (Existing) Information 7
is consistent with scientific validity.
Collection of Available Data 7.1
Initial Estimates of Environmental Concentrations 7.2
1.3 This guide assumes that the reader is knowledgeable in
Initial Estimate of Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms 7.3
aquatic toxicology and related pertinent areas. A list of general
Initial Estimate of Bioaccumulation by Aquatic Organ-
2
isms 7.4
references is provided (1).
Phase I Hazard Assessment 7.5
1.4 This guide does not describe or reference detailed Phase II—Use of Medium-Cost Information 8
Improved Estimates of Environmental Concentrations 8.2
procedures for estimating or measuring environmental
Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Animals 8.3
concentrations, or procedures for determining the maximum
Toxicity to Algae 8.4
Expansion of Short-Term Testing 8.5
concentration of test material that is acceptable in the food of
Bioaccumulation 8.6
predators of aquatic life. However, this guide does describe
Phase II Hazard Assessment 8.7
how such information should be used when assessing the
Phase III—Use of High-Cost Information 9
hazard of a material to aquatic organisms and their uses. Refined Estimates of Environmental Concentrations 9.2
Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Animals 9.3
1.5 Because assessment of hazard to aquatic organisms and
Use of Acute-Chronic Ratios 9.4
Toxicity to Aquatic Plants 9.5
their uses is a relatively new activity within aquatic toxicology,
Bioconcentration 9.6
most of the guidance provided herein is qualitative rather than
Bioaccumulation from Food 9.7
Phase III Hazard Assessment 9.8
Appendixes
Appendix X1 Production, Use, Disposal, and Other Release
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Appendix X2 Biological Considerations
Appendix X3 Chemical Considerations
Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-
Appendix X4 Physical Considerations
ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Appendix X5 Toxicological Considerations
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published February 2023. Originally
Appendix X6 Estimating Environmental Concentrations
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1023-84(2014). DOI:
Appendix X7 Selection of Test Species
10.1520/E1023-23.
Appendix X8 Long-Term Toxicity Tests
2
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this
standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1023 − 23
1.8 This stand
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1023 − 84 (Reapproved 2014) E1023 − 23
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms
1
and Their Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes a stepwise process for using information concerning the biological, chemical, physical, and toxicological
properties of a material to identify adverse effects likely to occur to aquatic organisms and their uses as a result of release of the
material to the environment. The material will usually be a specific chemical, although it might be a group of chemicals that have
very similar biological, chemical, physical, and toxicological properties and are usually produced, used, and discarded together.
1.2 The hazard assessment process is complex and requires decisions at a number of points; thus, the validity of a hazard
assessment depends on the soundness of those decisions, as well as the accuracy of the information used. All decisions should be
based on reasonable worst-case analyses so that an appropriate assessment can be completed for the least cost that is consistent
with scientific validity.
1.3 This guide assumes that the reader is knowledgeable in aquatic toxicology and related pertinent areas. A list of general
2
references is provided (1).
1.4 This guide does not describe or reference detailed procedures for estimating or measuring environmental concentrations, or
procedures for determining the maximum concentration of test material that is acceptable in the food of predators of aquatic life.
However, this guide does describe how such information should be used when assessing the hazard of a material to aquatic
organisms and their uses.
1.5 Because assessment of hazard to aquatic organisms and their uses is a relatively new activity within aquatic toxicology, most
of the guidance provided herein is qualitative rather than quantitative. When possible, confidence limits should be calculated and
taken into account.
1.6 This guide provides guidance for assessing hazard but does not provide guidance on how to take into account social
considerations in order to judge the acceptability of the hazard. Judgments concerning acceptability are social as well as scientific,
and are outside the scope of this guide.
1.7 This guide is arranged as follows:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2023. Published December 2014February 2023. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20072014
as E1023-84(2007).E1023-84(2014). DOI: 10.1520/E1023-84R14.10.1520/E1023-23.
2
Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1023 − 23
Section
Referenced Documents 2
Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard 3
Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
Four Basic Concepts 6
The Iteration 6.1
The Two Elements 6.2
The Possible Decisions 6.3
The Phased Approach 6.4
Phase I—Use of Low-Cost (Existing) Information 7
Collection of Available Data 7.1
Initial Estimates of Environmental Concentrations 7.2
Initial Estimate of Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms 7.3
Initial Estimate of Bioaccumulation by Aquatic Organ-
isms 7.4
Phase I Hazard Assessment 7.5
Phase II—Use of Medium-Cost Information 8
Improved Estimates of Environmental Concentrations 8.2
Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Animals 8.3
Toxicity to Algae 8.4
Expansion of Short-Term Testing 8.5
Bioaccumulation 8.6
Phase II Hazard Assessment 8.7
Phase III—Use of High-Cost Information 9
Refined Estimates of Environmental Concentrations 9.2
Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Animals 9.3
Use of Acute-Chronic Ratios 9.4
Toxicity to Aquatic Plants 9.5
Bioconcentration 9.6
Bioaccumulation from Food 9.7
Phase III Hazard Assessment 9.8
Appendixes
Appendix X1 Production, Use, Disposal, and Other Release
Appendix X2 Biological Considerations
Appendix X3 Chemical Considerations
Appendi
...
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