ASTM B600-09
(Guide)Standard Guide for Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy Surfaces
Standard Guide for Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy Surfaces
ABSTRACT
This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and titanium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances present as surface contaminants. It is recommended that the materials shall be subjected to soil removal prior to heat treatment or application of acid treatment. Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting, shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot work scales and lubricants from titanium surfaces. Recommended post treatment of shot or abrasive blasted titanium surfaces may include acid pickling to ensure complete removal of surface contaminants. For chemically milled materials, salt bath conditioning may be required to remove the oxygen-contaminated layer. Acid etching treatment may be required following mechanical abrading or chemical conditioning of materials to completely clean the surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and titanium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances present as surface contaminants.
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures be mandatory for removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a guide when titanium and titanium alloys are being processed in the wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to chemical milling, joining, plating, fabrication, and in any situation where foreign substances interfere with the corrosion resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.
1.4 Acid etching may be required following cleaning when the surface has an oxygen-contaminated layer or alpha case present.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:B600–09
Standard Guide for
Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B600; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope mended prior to heat treatment or application of acid treatment
designated in 4.2.When electrolytic systems are employed, the
1.1 This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure
voltage should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of spark
useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and
discharge and subsequent pitting.
titanium alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides,
and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign
3. Blast Cleaning
substances present as surface contaminants.
3.1 Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting,
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures be mandatory for
shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot
removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a guide
work scales and lubricants from titanium surfaces if followed
when titanium and titanium alloys are being processed in the
by thorough conditioning and cleaning as described in Section
wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
4.
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to
3.2 The sand used for blasting should be a high-grade,
chemical milling, joining, plating, fabrication, and in any
washed, iron-free, silica sand. If carbon or low-alloy steel
situation where foreign substances interfere with the corrosion
products are sandblasted in the same facility, the sand used for
resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.
cleaningtheseproductsshouldnotbeusedontitaniumsurfaces
1.4 Acid etching may be required following cleaning when
and a separate sand supply should be provided.
the surface has an oxygen-contaminated layer or alpha case
3.3 Roughening of exposed surface areas may occur from
present.
grit or shot if cleaning of the entire surface is accomplished by
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
blasting. Partial cleaning for preserving the surface finish is to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
be preferred in conjunction with proper pickling procedures.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.4 Blast cleaning that utilizes steel grit, steel shot, or sand
and are not considered standard.
containing appreciable amounts of iron should be followed by
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety
acid pickling to remove any embedded steel particles on the
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
surface of the titanium.
of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate
3.5 Any abrasive or shot blast cleaning may induce residual
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
compressive stresses in the surface of the material or titanium
regulatory limitations prior to use.
structure. Warpage may occur in sections that are subsequently
2. Processing Soil Removal chemical milled or contour machined.
3.6 In most cases, blast cleaning is not intended to eliminate
2.1 It is recommended that grease, oil, and lubricants
pickling procedures completely. Abrasives will not remove
employedinmachining,forming,andfabricatingoperationson
surface layers contaminated with interstitial elements such as
titanium and titanium alloys be removed by alkaline or
carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.When these elements are present
emulsion soak-type cleaners and electrolytic alkaline cleaning
in excessive amounts, they are preferably removed by con-
systems. In the electrolytic system the work may be either
trolled acid pickling in accordance with 4.3.
anodic or cathodic polarity. Removal of these soils is recom-
4. Pickling and Descaling
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and
4.1 Recommendedposttreatmentofshotorabrasiveblasted
Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
titanium surfaces may include acid pickling as described in
B10.01 on Titanium.
4.3.2,toensurecompleteremovalofmetalliciron,oxide,scale,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
´1
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B600 – 91 (2002) . andothersurfacecontaminants.Iftheproductistobechemical
DOI: 10.1520/B0600-09.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:B600–91(Reapproved 2002) Designation:B600–09
Standard Guide for
Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Titanium Alloy
1
Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B600; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in 4.2.4 and 4.3.2 in September 2006.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers a cleaning and descaling procedure useful to producers, users, and fabricators of titanium and titanium
alloys for the removal of ordinary shop soils, oxides, and scales resulting from heat treatment operations and foreign substances
present as surface contaminants.
1.2 It is not intended that these procedures be mandatory for removal of any of the indicated soils but rather serve as a guide
when titanium and titanium alloys are being processed in the wrought, cast, or fabricated form.
1.3 It is the intent that these soils be removed prior to chemical milling, joining, plating, fabrication, and in any situation where
foreign substances interfere with the corrosion resistance, stability, and quality of the finished product.
1.4 Acid etching may be required following cleaning when the surface has an oxygen-contaminated layer or alpha case present.
1.5The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Processing Soil Removal
2.1 It is recommended that grease, oil, and lubricants employed in machining, forming, and fabricating operations on titanium
and titanium alloys be removed by alkaline or emulsion soak-type cleaners and electrolytic alkaline cleaning systems. In the
electrolytic system the work may be either anodic or cathodic polarity. Removal of these soils is recommended prior to heat
treatment or application of acid treatment designated in 4.2. When electrolytic systems are employed, the voltage should be
controlled to prevent the occurrence of spark discharge and subsequent pitting.
3. Blast Cleaning
3.1 Mechanical descaling methods such as sandblasting, shot blasting, and vapor blasting may be used to remove hot work
scales and lubricants from titanium surfaces if followed by thorough conditioning and cleaning as described in Section 4.
3.2 The sand used for blasting should be a high-grade, washed, iron-free, silica sand. If carbon or low-alloy steel products are
sandblasted in the same facility, the sand used for cleaning these products should not be used on titanium surfaces and a separate
sand supply should be provided.
3.3 Roughening of exposed surface areas may occur from grit or shot if cleaning of the entire surface is accomplished by
blasting. Partial cleaning for preserving the surface finish is to be preferred in conjunction with proper pickling procedures.
3.4 Blast cleaning that utilizes steel grit, steel shot, or sand containing appreciable amounts of iron should be followed by acid
pickling to remove any embedded steel particles on the surface of the titanium.
3.5 Any abrasive or shot blast cleaning may induce residual compressive stresses in the surface of the material or titanium
structure. Warpage may occur in sections that are subsequently chemical milled or contour machined.
3.6 In most cases, blast cleaning is not intended to eliminate pickling procedures completely.Abrasives will not remove surface
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B10.01
on Titanium.
Current edition approved March 15, 1991. Published May 1991. Originally published as B600–74. Last previous edition B600–74(1985). DOI: 10.1520/B0600-91R02E01.
´1
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Or
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