ASTM D5707-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a lubricating grease's coefficient of friction and its ability to protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of 200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm, duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test machine, specifically, ambient to 280°C. Other test loads (10 to 1400 N), frequencies (5 to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1 to 3.30 mm) can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method is based on the stated parameters and test temperatures of 50 and 80°C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
1.2 This test method can also be used for determining a fluid lubricant's ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:D5707–98
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating
Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)
Test Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5707; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a
2.2 Other Standard:
lubricating grease’s coefficient of friction and its ability to
DIN 17230 Roller Bearing Steels
protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-
DIN 51 834 Testing of Lubricants: Mechanical–Dynamic
oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of
Test in the Oscillation Friction Apparatus
200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm,
duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test
3. Terminology
machine,specifically,ambientto280°C.Othertestloads(10to
3.1 Definitions:
1400 N), frequencies (5 to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process
to3.30mm)canbeused,ifspecified.Theprecisionofthistest
occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-
methodisbasedonthestatedparametersandtesttemperatures
panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or
of 50 and 80°C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and
both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological
coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
system’s long-term behavior. G40
1.2 Thistestmethodcanalsobeusedfordeterminingafluid
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, n— in tribology,thedimension-
lubricant’s ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of
less ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to the
friction under similar test conditions.
normal force ( N) pressing these bodies together. G40
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, n—theapparentareaofcontact
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against each
only.
other, as calculated from Hertz’ equations of elastic deforma-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion. G40
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, n—the magnitude of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
calculated from Hertz’ equations of elastic deformation. G
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.5 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4175
D217 Test Method for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
3.1.6 lubricating grease, n—a semifluid to solid product of
Grease
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
Products, and Lubricants
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure
surfacetensionandotherphysicalforces.Otheringredientsare
Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-
commonly included to impart special properties.
D 217
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.04 on Functional Tests Related to Friction, Wear & EP.
Current edition approved June 10, 1998. Published October 1998. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
published as D5707–95. Last previous edition D5707–97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Germany.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D5707–98
3.1.7 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com- 5. Significance and Use
posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear prop-
to form the product’s structure.
erties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at
3.1.7.1 Discussion—The thickener can be fibers (such as
selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applica-
various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
tions where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are
non-soapthickeners)whichareinsolubleor,atmost,onlyvery
presentforextendedperiodsoftimeunderinitialhighHertzian
slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-
pointcontactpressures.Thistestmethodhasfoundapplication
mentsarethatthesolidparticlesbeextremelysmall,uniformly
in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity
dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like
joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating
structure with the liquid lubricant.
greasesusedinrollerbearings.Usersofthistestmethodshould
D 217
determine whether results correlate with field performance or
3.1.8 wear, n—damage to a solid surface, generally involv-
other applications.
ing progressive loss of material, due to the relative motion
between that surface and a contacting substance or substances. 6. Apparatus
G40 10
6.1 SRV Test Machine, illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
3.1.9 Ra, n—in measuring surface finish, the arithmetic
6.2 Microscope, equipped with a filar eyepiece graduated in
average of the absolute distances of all profile points from the
0.01-mm division or equipped with a micrometer stage read-
mean line for a given distance.
able to 0.01 mm. Magnification should be sufficient to allow
3.1.10 Rz (DIN), n—in measuring surface finish, the aver-
for ease of measurement. One to 103 magnification has been
age of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessment
found acceptable.
length.
7. Reagents and Materials
3.1.11 Ry, n—in measuring surface finish, the vertical
distance between the top of the highest peak and the bottom of
7.1 Test Balls, 52100 steel, 606 2 Rc hardness, 0.0256
the deepest valley in one sampling length of the roughness
0.005-µm Ra surface finish, 10-mm diameter.
profile.
7.2 Lower Test Disk, 52100 steel, 60 6 2 Rc hardness,
3.1.12 SRV, n—Schwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss, (Ger-
0.45 to 0.65-µm Rz lapped surface, 24-mm diameter by 7.85
man); oscillating, friction, wear, (English translation).
mm thick.
D 5706
NOTE 2—Test pieces made to 100 Crb steel (DIN17230) are equiva-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
lent.
3.2.1 seizure, n—localized fusion of metal between the
7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade.
rubbing surfaces of the test pieces.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Seizure is usually indicated by an in- NOTE 3—Warning:Flammable. Health hazard.
crease in coefficient of friction, wear, or unusual noise and
7.4 Isopropanol, reagent grade.
vibration. In this test method, increase in coefficient of friction
NOTE 4—Warning:Flammable. Health hazard.
is displayed on the chart recorder as rise in the coefficient of
friction from a steady state value.
7.5 Toluene, reagent grade.
NOTE 5—Warning:Flammable. Health hazard.
4. Summary of Test Method
7.6 Cleaning Solvent, a mixture of equal volumes of
4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machine
n-heptane, isopropanol, and toluene.
using a test ball oscillated under constant load against a test
NOTE 6—Warning:Flammable. Health hazard.
disk.
NOTE 1—The frequency of oscillation, stroke length, test temperature, 8. Preparation of Apparatus
testload,andtestballanddiskmaterialcanbevariedfromthosespecified
8.1 Turnonthetestmachineandchartrecorderandallowto
in this test method. The test ball yields Hertzian point contact geometry.
warm up for 15 min prior to running tests.
Toobtainlineorareacontact,testpiecesofdifferingconfigurationscanbe
8.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the crest peak
substituted for the test ball.
value position on the test apparatus in accordance with the
4.2 The wear scar on the test ball and coefficient of friction
manufacturer’s directions.
are measured. If a profilometer is available, a trace of the wear
NOTE 7—In most cases, this is accomplished by positioning the sliding
scar on the test disk can also be used to obtain additional wear
switchonelectroniccardNo.291.35.20E(frontsideofelectronicsbehind
information.
the front panel) and the sliding switch located on the back panel of the
control unit.
Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,
Sheffiel
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