ASTM D5707-98(2003)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a lubricating grease's coefficient of friction and its ability to protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of 200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm, duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test machine, specifically, ambient to 280°C. Other test loads (10 to 1400 N), frequencies (5 to 500 Hz), and stroke amplitudes (0.1 to 3.30 mm) can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method is based on the stated parameters and test temperatures of 50 and 80°C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
1.2 This test method can also be used for determining a fluid lubricant's ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D5707–98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating
Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)
Test Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5707; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Warning notes were editorially moved into the standard text in August 2003.
1. Scope Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-
Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
lubricating grease’s coefficient of friction and its ability to
2.2 Other Standard:
protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-
DIN 17230 Roller Bearing Steels
oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of
DIN 51 834 Testing of Lubricants: Mechanical–Dynamic
200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm,
Test in the Oscillation Friction Apparatus
duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test
machine,specifically,ambientto280°C.Othertestloads(10to
3. Terminology
1400N),frequencies(5to500Hz),andstrokeamplitudes(0.1
3.1 Definitions:
to3.30mm)canbeused,ifspecified.Theprecisionofthistest
3.1.1 break-in, n—in tribology, an initial transition process
methodisbasedonthestatedparametersandtesttemperatures
occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-
of 50 and 80°C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and
panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or
coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological
1.2 Thistestmethodcanalsobeusedfordeterminingafluid
system’s long-term behavior. G40
lubricant’s ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of
3.1.2 coeffıcient of friction, n— in tribology, the dimension-
friction under similar test conditions.
less ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
normal force (N) pressing these bodies together. G40
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.3 Hertzian contact area, n—theapparentareaofcontact
only.
between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against each
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
other, as calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deforma-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion. G40
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, n—the magnitude of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
calculated from Hertz’s equations of elastic deformation.
2. Referenced Documents G40
3.1.5 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
D217 Test Method for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
D 4175
Grease
3.1.6 lubricating grease, n—a semifluid to solid product of
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
Products, and Lubricants
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
D5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
surfacetensionandotherphysicalforces.Otheringredientsare
commonly included to impart special properties.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.
Current edition approvedAug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D5707–98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Germany.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5707–98 (2003)
D 217 5. Significance and Use
3.1.7 Ra, n—in measuring surface finish, the arithmetic
5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear prop-
average of the absolute distances of all profile points from the
erties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at
mean line for a given distance.
selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applica-
3.1.8 Rz (DIN), n—in measuring surface finish, the average
tions where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are
of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessment
presentforextendedperiodsoftimeunderinitialhighHertzian
length.
pointcontactpressures.Thistestmethodhasfoundapplication
3.1.9 Ry, n—in measuring surface finish, the vertical dis-
in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity
tancebetweenthetopofthehighestpeakandthebottomofthe
joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating
deepestvalleyinonesamplinglengthoftheroughnessprofile.
greasesusedinrollerbearings.Usersofthistestmethodshould
3.1.10 SRV, n—Schwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss, (Ger-
determine whether results correlate with field performance or
man); oscillating, friction, wear, (English translation).
other applications.
D 5706
6. Apparatus
3.1.11 thickener, n—in lubricating grease,asubstancecom-
posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
6.1 SRV Test Machine , illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
to form the product’s structure.
6.2 Microscope, equipped with a filar eyepiece graduated in
3.1.11.1 Discussion—The thickener can be fibers (such as
0.01-mm division or equipped with a micrometer stage read-
various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
able to 0.01 mm. Magnification should be sufficient to allow
non-soapthickeners)whichareinsolubleor,atmost,onlyvery
for ease of measurement. One to 103 magnification has been
slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-
found acceptable.
mentsarethatthesolidparticlesbeextremelysmall,uniformly
dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like 7. Reagents and Materials
structure with the liquid lubricant.
7.1 Test Balls , 52100 steel, 60 6 2 Rc hardness, 0.025 6
D 217
0.005-µm Ra surface finish, 10-mm diameter.
3.1.12 wear, n—damage to a solid surface, generally in-
7.2 Lower Test Disk , 52100 steel, 60 6 2 Rc hardness,
volving progressive loss of material, due to the relative motion
0.45 to 0.65-µm Rz lapped surface, 24-mm diameter by 7.85
between that surface and a contacting substance or substances.
mm thick.
G40
NOTE 2—Test pieces made to 100 Crb steel (DIN 17230) are equiva-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
lent.
3.2.1 seizure, n—localized fusion of metal between the
7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade. (Warning—Flammable.
rubbing surfaces of the test pieces.
Health hazard.)
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Seizure is usually indicated by an in-
7.4 Isopropanol, reagent grade. (Warning—Flammable.
crease in coefficient of friction, wear, or unusual noise and
Health hazard.)
vibration. In this test method, increase in coefficient of friction
7.5 Toluene, reagent grade. (Warning—Flammable. Health
is displayed on the chart recorder as rise in the coefficient of
hazard.)
friction from a steady state value.
7.6 Cleaning Solvent, a mixture of equal volumes of
n-heptane, isopropanol, and toluene. (Warning—Flammable.
4. Summary of Test Method
Health hazard.)
4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machine
using a test ball oscillated under constant load against a test
8. Preparation of Apparatus
disk.
8.1 Turnonthetestmachineandchartrecorderandallowto
NOTE 1—The frequency of oscillation, stroke length, test temperature, warm up for 15 min prior to running tests.
testload,andtestballanddiskmaterialcanbevariedfromthosespecified
8.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the crest peak
in this test method. The test ball yields Hertzian point contact geometry.
value position on the test apparatus in accordance with the
Toobtainlineorareacontact,testpiecesofdifferingconfigurationscanbe
manufacturer’s directions.
substituted for the test ball.
NOTE 3—In most cases, this is accomplished by positioning the sliding
4.2 The wear scar on the test ball and coefficient of friction
switchonelectroniccardNo.291.35.20E(frontsideofelectronicsbehind
are measured. If a profilometer is available, a trace of the wear
the fro
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