ASTM D2700-12

Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation.
Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.
Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-octane number determinations.
Motor O.N., in conjunction with Research O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the United States, and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
This is more commonly presented as:
Motor O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.
Motor O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
Motor O.N. is utilized to determine, by correlation equation, the Aviation method O.N. or performance number (lean-mixture aviation rating) of aviation spark-ignition engine fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For mor...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-May-2012
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.01 - Combustion Characteristics

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2700 − 12
Designation:236/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number except that this
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
2
that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable com-
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
pression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference
may be prohibited by law.
fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
number.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120
hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex
octane number, but this test method has a working range from
A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1,
40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced
X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8.
for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90
2. Referenced Documents
Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels pro-
3
duced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
orotherprocessstreammaterialscanproduceratingsatvarious
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
levels throughout the Motor octane number range.
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-
historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine
Ignition Engine Fuel
measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of
oftheextensiveandexpensivetoolingthathasbeencreatedfor
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Compari-
this equipment.
son Technique
D3703 Test Method for Hydroperoxide Number of Aviation
Turbine Fuels, Gasoline and Diesel Fuels
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Petroleum Products
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally
ε1
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2700–11 . DOI:
3
10.1520/D2700-12. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Researchoctanenumber,determinedusingTestMethodD2699,isacompanion contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
method to provide a similar but typically higher octane rating under milder Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
operating conditions. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D2700–11 Designation: D2700 – 12
Designation: 236/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Corrected research report reference editorially in November 2011.
1. Scope*
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel
in terms of Motor octane number except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily
2
oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted,
CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric
composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary
reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel
establishes the Motor octane number.
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40
to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane
number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number
range.TestingofgasolineblendstocksorotherprocessstreammaterialscanproduceratingsatvariouslevelsthroughouttheMotor
octane number range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the
extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.Formorespecifichazardstatements,seeSection8,13.4.1,14.5.1,15.6.1,AnnexA1,A2.2.3.1,A2.2.3.3(6)
and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.01 on
Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2700–10. DOI: 10.1520/D2700-11.
´1
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2700–11 . DOI:
10.1520/D2700-12.
2
Research octane number, determined using Test Method D2699, is a companion method to provide a similar but typically higher octane rating under milder operating
conditions.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standar
...