ASTM F1931-98
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Characterization of Gymnastic Landing Mats and Floor Exercise Surfaces
Standard Test Method for Characterization of Gymnastic Landing Mats and Floor Exercise Surfaces
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shock absorption characteristics and rebound properties of landing mats and floor exercise surfaces used in the sport of gymnastics. It defines quantitative parameters for these characteristics.
1.2 This test method is performed under laboratory conditions and requires use of an impact-testing device.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 1931 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Characterization of Gymnastic Landing Mats and Floor
Exercise Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 depth of penetration, n—maximum deformation of
test specimen at impact of missile that is dropped with a
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shock
predetermined impact velocity; measurement is the differential
absorption characteristics and rebound properties of landing
of maximally compressed surface and base line height.
mats and floor exercise surfaces used in the sport of gymnas-
3.1.4 floor exercise surface, n—a structure generally con-
tics. It defines quantitative parameters for these characteristics.
sisting of a deck surface with foam or spring supports and one
1.2 This test method is performed under laboratory condi-
or more layers of cushioning material on top, designed for use
tions and requires use of an impact-testing device.
in competitive gymnastics floor exercises.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.5 impact velocity, n—the velocity of the missile as it
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
crosses the base line on impact.
information only.
3.1.6 landing mat, n—a structure designed for cushioning
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
falls or landing dismounts, or both, from gymnastic routines.
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
3.1.7 low impact use, n—usage of a mat for cushioning
address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its
landings that are from heights below the surface of the
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
apparatus and do not involve somersaulting dismounts, for
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
example, pommel horse mats.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.8 mat system, n—a two-mat system such as a base
2. Referenced Documents landing mat and a supplemental mat.
3.1.9 maximum force, n—the peak force exerted on the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
testing missile by the equipment surface; that is equal to the
F 355 Test Method for Shock Absorbing Properties of
peak acceleration times the mass of the missile.
Playing Surface Systems and Materials
3.1.10 rebound height, n—theoretical maximum rebound
F 1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface
distance of the missile from the base line of the apparatus after
Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment
impact and under ideal (frictionless) conditions.
2.2 SAE Standards:
3.1.11 rebound velocity, n—the velocity of the missile as it
SAE J211 Instrumentation for Impact Test
crosses the base line on rebound.
3. Terminology
3.2 Symbols:
3.2.1 F —a weighted average of maximum force for a
3.1 Definitions: ave
mat; the values for 8 drops on each of four defined points are
3.1.1 acceleration, n—the instantaneous time rate of change
averaged, with weighting to simulate dropping on nine points.
of velocity, which may be positive or negative.
3.2.2 G—the ratio of the magnitude of missile acceleration
3.1.2 base line, n—the starting reference height of the mat
during impact to the acceleration due to gravity, expressed in
or floor exercise surface from which penetration and rebound
the same units.
are measured; this is the top surface of the mat in its
3.2.3 G —the maximum value of G encountered during
undeformed state. max
impact.
3.2.4 P —a weighted average of depth of penetration for
ave
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
a mat; the values for 8 drops on each of four defined points are
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.12 on
averaged, with weighting to simulate dropping on nine points.
Gymnastics and Wrestling Equipment.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published March 1999.
3.2.5 R —a weighted average of rebound height for a mat;
ave
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
the values for 8 drops on each of four defined points are
Available from SAE World Headquarters, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warren-
averaged, with weighing to simulate dropping on nine points.
dale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1931
4. Summary of Test Method have a flat frequency response to beyond 3000 Hz. The
recording system should conform with SAE J211.
4.1 Impact Test—A test specimen of mat, mat system, or
6.3.2 Velocity—The velocity recording equipment, at a
floor exercise surface is impacted at a specified velocity with a
minimum, must measure and record impact and rebound
cylindrical missile of specified mass and geometry. The veloc-
velocities to an accuracy of 6 5 % of the true value, with a
ity, acceleration and displacement of the missile are monitored
sampling frequency of at least 8 kHz. Any method that does not
and the depth of penetration, rebound height and maximum
physically interfere with the impact and give erroneous
force are recorded.
acceleration-time results is acceptable.
6.3.3 Displacement—The displacement must be recorded
5. Significance and Use
during the contact phase of the impact, with a sampling
5.1 Data obtained from this test method is indicative of the
frequency of at least 8 kHz. If accuracy can be validated, it is
energy absorption and elasticity of the test specimen.
acceptable to determine displacement data from the integral of
5.2 The results of the test method may be used by the
the velocity data.
consumer to determine the suitability of a mat, mat system, or
floor exercise surface for its intended application. This test
7. Test Specimen
method is intended to provide data similar to tests conducted
7.1 For landing mats and mat systems, the test specimen
under the authorization of the Fédération Internationale de
must be 1 by 1 m (39 by 40 in.) and the same thickness as the
Gymnastique (FIG).
mat or mat system as used in actual practice. A 1-cm (0.39-in.)
tolerance in thickness and a 2-cm (0.79 in.) tolerance in length
6. Apparatus
and width is permitted.
6.1 Impact testing machine, consisting of a stand that allows
7.2 For floor exercise surfaces, the test specimen must be at
vertical impacting of a specimen up to 1.2 by 2.4 m (4 by 8 ft)
least 1 by 1 m (39 by 39 in.) and is generally one section of a
in size over any point of the test specimen. The legs of the test
multi-section floor exercise surface. A 2-cm tolerance in each
machine shall not touch the test specimen at any point. The
dimension is permitted. The dimensions may not exceed 1.2 by
drop height must be adjustable. The test machine and missile
2.4 m (4 by 8 ft). It must be constructed with the same
system must be designed to minimize friction and to minimize
materials and support geometry/layout as competitive floor
undesirable vibrations in the apparatus that might be recorded
exercise surface. The test specimen must include all compo-
on the acceleration-time curve. In order to do this, the machine
nents of the floor exercise surface including deck, supports,
must be able to obtain the desired impact velocity within 5 cm
padding material and top surface material.
(1.97 in.) of the theoretical drop height for this velocity. In
7.3 This test method may be used for other size specimens
addition, the apparatus should not contain resonant frequencies
of mats, as specified by the individual requesting the test.
below 2000 Hz.
6.1.1 Base, of at least 500 kg (1100 lb), which is fixed to a
8. Number of Specimens
rigid foundation such as a concrete slab or floor. The test
8.1 A minimum of two samples must be tested for each set
specimen is to be placed on this impact base.
of conditions.
6.2 Missile, constructed of a rigid cylindrical steel body.
The mass of the missile shall be 10 kg (22 lb) or 20 kg (44 lb),
9. Conditioning
depending upon the type of mat being tested. The area that
9.1 The test specimens should be preconditioned at 20 6
contacts the test specimen shall be 10 cm (3.94 in.) in diameter.
2°C (68 6 3.6°F) and at a humidity of 50 6 10 % for a
The circumference of the missile shall have a 0.1 cm (0.039
minimum of 4 h before testing. Do not stack test specimens
in.) radius to relieve sharp edges.
during conditioni
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.