ASTM E2651-10
(Guide)Standard Guide for Powder Particle Size Analysis
Standard Guide for Powder Particle Size Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The myriad array of particle size analysis techniques available to the modern-day powder technologist is both daunting and confusing. Many of the techniques are applicable only to certain types of materials, and all have limited ranges of applicability with respect to powder particle size. This guide is an attempt to describe and define the applicability of each of the available techniques, so that powder technologists, and others interested in powders, may make informed and appropriate choices in characterizing their materials.
This guide is intended to be used to determine the best and most efficient way of characterizing the particle size distribution of a particular powder material. It may also be used to determine whether a reported powder particle size, or size distribution, was obtained in an appropriate and meaningful way.
Most particle size analysis techniques report particle size in terms of an “equivalent spherical diameter”: the diameter of an ideal spherical particle of the material of interest that would be detected in the same manner during analysis as the (usually irregular-shaped) actual particle under the same conditions. The different techniques must necessarily use different definitions of the equivalent spherical diameter, based on their different operating principles. However, when analyzing elongated particles, the size parameter most relevant to the intended application should be measured; for example, length (maximum dimension).
Reported particle size measurement is a function of both the actual dimension and/or shape factor as well as the particular physical or chemical properties of the particle being measured. Caution is required when comparing data from instruments operating on different physical or chemical parameters or with different particle size measurement ranges. Sample acquisition, handling, and preparation can also affect reported particle size results.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of many available techniques for particle size measurement and particle size distribution analysis of solid particulate (powder) materials. It does not apply to analysis of liquid droplets or liquid aerosols. The guide is intended to serve as a resource for powder/particle technologists in characterizing their materials.
1.2 This guide provides more detail regarding the particle size analysis methods listed in Guide E1919, which is a compilation of worldwide published standards relating to particle and spray characterization. Although Guide E1919 and this guide are both extensive, neither is all inclusive.
1.3 The principle of operation, range of applicability, specific requirements (if any), and limitations of each of the included particle size analysis techniques are listed and described, so that users of this guide may choose the most useful and most efficient technique for characterizing the particle size distribution of their particular material(s).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2651 − 10
StandardGuide for
1
Powder Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
Sieves
1.1 This guide covers the use of many available techniques
E1617Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization
for particle size measurement and particle size distribution
Data
analysis of solid particulate (powder) materials. It does not
E1638Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,
apply to analysis of liquid droplets or liquid aerosols. The
and Screening Media
guide is intended to serve as a resource for powder/particle
E1919GuideforWorldwidePublishedStandardsRelatingto
technologists in characterizing their materials.
Particle and Spray Characterization
1.2 This guide provides more detail regarding the particle
E2589Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods of
size analysis methods listed in Guide E1919, which is a
Powder Characterization
compilation of worldwide published standards relating to
particleandspraycharacterization.AlthoughGuideE1919and
3. Terminology
this guide are both extensive, neither is all inclusive.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The principle of operation, range of applicability, spe-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
cific requirements (if any), and limitations of each of the
Terminologies E1638 and E2589.
included particle size analysis techniques are listed and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
described, so that users of this guide may choose the most
3.2.1 powder, n—a collection of solid particles that are
useful and most efficient technique for characterizing the
usually less than 1000µm (1mm) in size.
particle size distribution of their particular material(s).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Significance and Use
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. 4.1 The myriad array of particle size analysis techniques
available to the modern-day powder technologist is both
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dauntingandconfusing.Manyofthetechniquesareapplicable
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
only to certain types of materials, and all have limited ranges
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ofapplicabilitywithrespecttopowderparticlesize.Thisguide
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
isanattempttodescribeanddefinetheapplicabilityofeachof
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the available techniques, so that powder technologists, and
2. Referenced Documents
others interested in powders, may make informed and appro-
2
priate choices in characterizing their materials.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
4.2 This guide is intended to be used to determine the best
B821Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and
and most efficient way of characterizing the particle size
Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
distributionofaparticularpowdermaterial.Itmayalsobeused
C322Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
to determine whether a reported powder particle size, or size
distribution, was obtained in an appropriate and meaningful
way.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and
Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02 on
4.3 Most particle size analysis techniques report particle
Non-Sieving Methods.
size in terms of an “equivalent spherical diameter”: the
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally
diameterofanidealsphericalparticleofthematerialofinterest
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2651–08. DOI:
10.1520/E2651-10.
that would be detected in the same manner during analysis as
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the (usually irregular-shaped) actual particle under the same
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conditions. The different techniques must necessarily use
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. differentdefinitionsoftheequivalentsphericaldiameter,based
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E2651 − 10
on their different operating principles. However, when analyz- Examples of good powder samplin
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E2651–08 Designation: E2651 – 10
Standard Guide for
1
Powder Particle Size Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the use of many available techniques for particle size measurement and particle size distribution analysis
of solid particulate (powder) materials. It does not apply to analysis of liquid droplets or liquid aerosols. The guide is intended to
serve as a resource for powder/particle technologists in characterizing their materials.
1.2 This guide provides more detail regarding the particle size analysis methods listed in Guide E1919, which is a compilation
of worldwide published standards relating to particle and spray characterization. Although Guide E1919 and this guide are both
extensive, neither is all inclusive.
1.3 The principle of operation, range of applicability, specific requirements (if any), and limitations of each of the included
particle size analysis techniques are listed and described, so that users of this guide may choose the most useful and most efficient
technique for characterizing the particle size distribution of their particular material(s).
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B821 Guide for Liquid Dispersion of Metal Powders and Related Compounds for Particle Size Analysis
C322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E1617 Practice for Reporting Particle Size Characterization Data
E1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods and Screening Media
E1919 Guide for Worldwide Published Standards Relating to Particle and Spray Characterization
E2589 Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods of Powder Characterization
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminologies E1638 and E2589.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 powder, n—a collection of solid particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The myriad array of particle size analysis techniques available to the modern-day powder technologist is both daunting and
confusing. Many of the techniques are applicable only to certain types of materials, and all have limited ranges of applicability
with respect to powder particle size. This guide is an attempt to describe and define the applicability of each of the available
techniques, so that powder technologists, and others interested in powders, may make informed and appropriate choices in
characterizing their materials.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.02 on
Non-Sieving Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published February 2009. DOI: 10.1520/E2651-08.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2651 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/E2651-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2651 – 10
4.2 This guide is intended to be used to determine the best and most efficient way of characterizing the particle size distribution
of a particular powder material. It may also be used to determine whether a reported powder particle size, or size distribution, was
obtained in an appropriate and meaningful way.
4.3All4.3 Most particle siz
...
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