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ASTM D8436-22

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable

Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic fluoropolymer-based materials, intended for use as an encapsulation material for downhole cables used during well completion by the petroleum and natural gas industries.  
1.2 The fluoropolymers covered by this specification include but are not limited to the following: ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylene chlorotetrafluoroethylene (ECTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), copolymers of PVDF, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA).  
1.3 This specification establishes common temperature ratings for the encapsulation materials and also describes requirements for alternative temperature ratings.  
1.4 The applications for the encapsulation materials covered by this specification are all associated with downhole cables used during well completion. Such applications include, but are not limited to, the following: control lines (CL), tubing encased conductors (TEC), tubing encased fiber cables (TEF), and tubing encased power cables (TEPC). Other downhole cable products such as surface-controlled sub-surface safety valves (SCSSV or SSSV) and chemical injection lines/chemical injection tubes (CIL/CIT) are also covered by this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2021
ICS
83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.07 - Electrical Insulating Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8436-22 - Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole CableASTM D8436-22 - Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable
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ASTM D8436-22 - Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8436 − 22
Standard Specification for
Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of
1
Downhole Cable
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic fluoropolymer-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
based materials, intended for use as an encapsulation material
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
for downhole cables used during well completion by the
petroleum and natural gas industries.
2. Referenced Documents
2
1.2 The fluoropolymers covered by this specification in-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
clude but are not limited to the following: ethylene tetrafluo-
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
roethylene (ETFE), polyethylene chlorotetrafluoroethylene
Chemical Reagents
(ECTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvi-
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
nylidene fluoride (PVDF), copolymers of PVDF, polychloro-
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
trifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE),
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
and perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA).
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1708 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics by Use
1.3 This specification establishes common temperature rat-
of Microtensile Specimens
ings for the encapsulation materials and also describes require-
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
ments for alternative temperature ratings.
D2633 Test Methods for Thermoplastic Insulations and
1.4 The applications for the encapsulation materials covered
Jackets for Wire and Cable
by this specification are all associated with downhole cables
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
used during well completion. Such applications include, but are
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
not limited to, the following: control lines (CL), tubing encased
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
conductors (TEC), tubing encased fiber cables (TEF), and
D3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and Enthal-
tubing encased power cables (TEPC). Other downhole cable
pies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by Differ-
products such as surface-controlled sub-surface safety valves
ential Scanning Calorimetry
(SCSSV or SSSV) and chemical injection lines/chemical
D3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning
injection tubes (CIL/CIT) are also covered by this specifica-
Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position
tion.
D4591 Test Method for Determining Temperatures and
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
Scanning Calorimetry
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
for Middle Distillate Fuels
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D7869 Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure Test with Enhanced
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Light and Water Exposure for Transportation Coatings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3
2.2 UL Standards:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
UL 94 Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Mate-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
rials for Parts in Devices and Appliances
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee D09.07 on Electrical Insulating Materials. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), UL Headquarters, 333 Pfing-
D8436-22. sten Road, Northbrook, IL, 60062, http://www.ul.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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ASTM D8436-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fluoropolymer-based Materials for Use for Encapsulation of Downhole Cable

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic fluoropolymer-based materials, intended for use as an encapsulation material for downhole cables used during well completion by the petroleum and natural gas industries.  
1.1.1 The fluoropolymer-based materials to be used for this purpose shall be virgin materials and shall be permitted to contain up to 25 %, by weight, of reprocessed material (regrind) of the same fluoropolymer generic material type. When reprocessed material is included, it shall be thoroughly mixed with virgin material.  
1.2 The fluoropolymers covered by this specification include but are not limited to the following: ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylene chlorotetrafluoroethylene (ECTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), copolymers of PVDF, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA).  
1.3 This specification establishes common temperature ratings for the encapsulation materials and also describes requirements for alternative temperature ratings.  
1.4 The applications for the encapsulation materials covered by this specification are all associated with downhole cables used during well completion. Such applications include, but are not limited to, the following: control lines (CL), tubing encased conductors (TEC), tubing encased fiber cables (TEF), and tubing encased power cables (TEPC). Other downhole cable products such as surface-controlled sub-surface safety valves (SCSSV or SSSV) and chemical injection lines/chemical injection tubes (CIL/CIT) are also covered by this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The absorption coefficient of polyolefin polymer pigmented with carbon black is useful to judge the degree and uniformity of dispersion of the pigment, and the adequacy of the quantitative level of pigment addition. These factors are used to predict the performance of the polymer material in response to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light as evidenced by minimal changes in specific properties.
Note 1: This test method was developed to evaluate ethylene polymer materials pigmented with small particle size carbon blacks suitable for UV protection. It is not known how accurate and reproducible the test would be with larger (35 nm or greater) particle size blacks. However, for larger particle sizes of carbon black, such as furnace black at 275 nm, when there is at least 5 or higher percent of carbon black, the material pigmented as such has suitable UV protection.
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1.1 This test method measures the amount of light transmitted through a film of carbon black pigmented ethylene polymer.  
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5.1 This test method is particularly useful for quality control tests on thermoplastics.  
5.2 The data produced by this test method serves to indicate the uniformity of the flow rate of the polymer as made by an individual process. It is not to be used as an indication of uniformity of other properties without valid correlation with data from other tests.  
5.3 The flow rate obtained with the extrusion plastometer is not a fundamental polymer property. It is an empirically defined parameter critically influenced by the physical properties and molecular structure of the polymer and the conditions of measurement. The rheological characteristics of polymer melts depend on a number of variables. It is possible that the values of these variables occurring in this test will differ substantially from those in large-scale processes, which would result in data that does not correlate directly with processing behavior.  
5.4 Measure the flow rate of a material using any of the conditions listed for the material in X4.1. For many materials, there are specifications that require the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist. An alternative test method for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds is found in Test Method D3364.  
5.5 Additional characterization of a material can be obtained if more than one condition is used. In the case that two or more conditions are employed, a Flow Rate Ratio (FRR) is obtained by dividing the flow rate at one condition by the flow rate at another condition. Procedure D provides one method to measure more than one condition in a single charge.  
5.6 Frequently, variations in test technique, apparatus geometry, or test conditions, which defy all but the most careful scrutiny, exist...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rate of extrusion of molten thermoplastic resins using an extrusion plastometer.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
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Note 1: This standard and ISO 1133 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
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5.1 When properly used, these procedures serve to isolate such factors as material, blow-molding conditions, post-treatment, and so forth, on the stress-crack resistance of the container.  
5.2 Environmental stress cracking of blow-molded containers is governed by many factors. Since variance of any of these factors can change the environmental stress-crack resistance of the container, the test results are representative only of a given test performed under defined conditions in the laboratory. The reproducibility of results between laboratories on containers made on more than one machine from more than one mold has not been established.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 This test method measures the environmental stress crack resistance of blow-molded containers, which is the summation of the influence of container design, resin, blow-molding conditions, post treatment, or other factors that can affect this property. Three procedures are provided as follows:  
1.2.1 Procedure A, Stress-Crack Resistance of Containers to Potential Stress-cracking Liquids—This procedure is particularly useful for determining the effect of container design on stress-crack resistance or the stress-crack resistance of a proposed container that contains a liquid product.  
1.2.2 Procedure B, Stress-Crack Resistance of a Specific Container to Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (CAS 68412-54-4), a Stress-Cracking Agent—The conditions of test described in this procedure are designed for testing containers made from Class 3 polyethylene Specification D4976. Therefore, this procedure is recommended for containers made from Class 3 polyethylene only. This procedure is particularly useful for determining the effect of resin on the stress-crack resistance of the container.  
1.2.3 Procedure C, Controlled Elevated Pressure Stress-Crack Resistance of a Specific Container to Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenol (CAS 68412-54-4), a Stress-Cracking Agent—The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated level.
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Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 12086-2:2006 in the measurement of tensile properties, specific gravity, and dielectric constant. These are in ISO 12086-2:2006, sections 8.2.2, 10.6 and 8.1.1. It is not equivalent to ISO 12086-2:2006 in any other measurement or section..  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers poly(ether ketone ketone) materials, commonly referred to as PEKK, which are suitable for molding, extrusion, composites, powder coating and additive manufacturing. Only materials in this Class 6-8 are covered by this specification. This classification system provides requirements for the use of regrind or reprocessed materials.  
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5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the important rheological properties and viscosity of thermoplastic polymers using very small amounts of material (approximately 25 to 50 mm in diameter by 1 to 3 mm in thickness ... approximately 3 to 5 g). Data are generally used for quality control, research and development, and establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining molten polymer properties by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, strain, temperature, or time. Plots of viscosity, storage, and loss moduli, and tan delta as a function of the aforementioned process parameters provide graphical representation indicative of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, effects of chain branching, and melt-processability for specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 Values obtained in this test method can be used to assess the following:  
5.3.1 Complex viscosity of the polymer melt as a function of dynamic oscillation,  
5.3.2 Processing viscosity, minimum as well as changes in viscosity as a function of experimental parameters,  
5.3.3 Effects of processing treatment,  
5.3.4 Relative polymer behavioral properties, including viscosity and damping, and  
5.3.5 Effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation in determining and reporting the rheological properties of thermoplastic resins and other types of molten polymers. The method is useful for determining the complex viscosity and other significant viscoelastic characteristics of such materials as a function of frequency, strain amplitude, temperature, and time. It is known that fillers and other additives influence rheological properties.  
1.2 It incorporates a laboratory test method for determining the relevant rheological properties of a polymer melt subjected to various oscillatory deformations on an instrument of the type commonly referred to as a mechanical or dynamic spectrometer.  
1.3 This test method is intended to provide a means of determining the rheological properties of molten polymers, such as thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers over a range of temperatures by nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques. Plots of modulus, viscosity, and tan delta as a function of dynamic oscillation (frequency), strain amplitude, temperature, and time are indicative of the viscoelastic properties of a molten polymer.  
1.4 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.5 This test method is intended for homogenous and heterogeneous molten polymeric systems and composite formulations containing chemical additives, including fillers, reinforcements, stabilizers, plasticizers, flame retardants, impact modifiers, processing aids, and other important chemical additives often incorporated into a polymeric system for specific functional properties, and which could affect the processability and functional performance. These polymeric material systems have molten viscosities typically less than 106 Pa·s (107 poise).  
1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.7 The values stated in ...

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SCOPE
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Note 1: Threaded CPVC plastic pipe fittings, Schedule 80, which were formerly included in this standard, are now covered by Specification F437.  
1.2 The products covered by this specification are intended for use with the distribution of pressurized liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the piping materials. Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult with specific product/component manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.
Note 2: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Classification System for Thermoplastic Elastomer-Ether-Ester Molding and Extrusion Materials (TEEE)

SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers segmented block copolyether-ester elastomers suitable for molding and extrusion.  
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1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. It is possible that there are other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications. One way of specifying them is by using the suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.4 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection is best made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This standard, ISO 20029-1, and ISO 20029-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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