D09.07 - Electrical Insulating Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers electrical insulating tape consisting of a flexible backing made from vinyl chloride plastic coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The tape shall be classified according to thickness: Type I and Type II. The backing shall be polyvinyl chloride plastic suitably compounded to meet the requirements of this specification. The backing shall be smooth and uniform. The selection of rolls, conditioning, and testing shall be in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electrical insulating tape consisting of a flexible backing made from vinyl chloride plastic coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and requirements for electrical insulating tape consisting of a backing of vinyl chloride plastic, coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, for use at low temperatures. Four types are included providing two thicknesses at two operating temperatures. Selected from standard widths and lengths, the tapes shall conform to specified values of the following requirements: break strength; break and static elongation; dielectric breakdown; adhesion to both steel and backing; roll unwind; high-humidity insulation resistance; flammability; and behavior during flagging test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an electrical insulating tape for use at low temperature down to approximately -18 °C (0 °F). The tape consists of a backing of vinyl chloride plastic, coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Four types are included providing two thicknesses at two operating temperatures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers crosslinked polymer insulation material consisting substantially of polyethylene or a polyethylene copolymer for electrical wires and cables in conductor, suitable for continuous use on power cables in wet and dry locations, having specified sizes and operating at specified voltage ratings and conductor temperatures. Materials covered by this specification are not sunlight and weather resistant unless they are carbon black pigmented or contain an additive system designed for this protection. Since the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor, tests shall then be done on insulated wire solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Materials shall meet the physical properties as follows: unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation at rupture after air oven aging; heat distortion; filled and unfilled percent hot creep; and filled and unfilled percent hot set. Insulations shall also perform satisfactorily during tests for AC and DC voltage, insulation resistance, and accelerated water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a crosslinked polyethylene insulation for electrical wires and cables in conductor sizes 14 AWG [2.08 mm2] and larger. The base polymer of this insulation consists substantially of polyethylene or a polyethylene copolymer.  
1.2 This type of insulation is suitable for continuous use on power cables in wet and dry locations, for voltage ratings not exceeding 2000 V and at conductor temperatures not exceeding 90 °C for normal operation. For copper conductors, the insulation can be applied over the uncoated metal.  
1.3 Materials covered by this specification are not sunlight and weather resistant unless they are carbon black pigmented or contain an additive system designed for this protection.  
1.4 In many instances the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire in this standard solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.5 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic fluoropolymer-based materials, intended for use as an encapsulation material for downhole cables used during well completion by the petroleum and natural gas industries.  
1.1.1 The fluoropolymer-based materials to be used for this purpose shall be virgin materials and shall be permitted to contain up to 25 %, by weight, of reprocessed material (regrind) of the same fluoropolymer generic material type. When reprocessed material is included, it shall be thoroughly mixed with virgin material.  
1.2 The fluoropolymers covered by this specification include but are not limited to the following: ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylene chlorotetrafluoroethylene (ECTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), copolymers of PVDF, polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA).  
1.3 This specification establishes common temperature ratings for the encapsulation materials and also describes requirements for alternative temperature ratings.  
1.4 The applications for the encapsulation materials covered by this specification are all associated with downhole cables used during well completion. Such applications include, but are not limited to, the following: control lines (CL), tubing encased conductors (TEC), tubing encased fiber cables (TEF), and tubing encased power cables (TEPC). Other downhole cable products such as surface-controlled sub-surface safety valves (SCSSV or SSSV) and chemical injection lines/chemical injection tubes (CIL/CIT) are also covered by this specification.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Method—It is possible that electrical insulation in service will fail as a result of tracking, erosion, or a combination of both, if exposed to high relative humidity and contamination environments. This is particularly true of organic insulations in outdoor applications where the surface of the insulation becomes contaminated by deposits of moisture and dirt, for example, coal dust or salt spray. This test method is an accelerated test that simulates extremely severe outdoor contamination. It is believed that the most severe conditions likely to be encountered in outdoor service in the United States will be relatively mild compared to the conditions specified in this test method.  
6.2 Test Results—Materials can be classified by this test method as tracking-resistant, tracking-affected, or tracking-susceptible. The exact test values for these categories as they apply to specific uses will be specified in the appropriate material specifications, but guideline figures are suggested in Note 4. Tracking-resistant materials, unless erosion failure occurs first, have the potential to last many hundreds of hours (Note 5). Erosion, though it is possible that it will progress laterally, generally results in a failure perpendicular to the specimen surface. Therefore, compare only specimens of the same nominal thickness for resistance to tracking-induced erosion. Estimate the extent of erosion from measurements of the depth of penetration of the erosion. Place materials that are not tracking-susceptible in three broad categories—erosion-resistant, erosion-affected, and erosion-susceptible. When the standard thickness specimen is tested, the following times to failure typify the categories (Note 6):    
Erosion-susceptible  
5 h to 50 h  
Erosion-affected  
50 h to 200 h  
Erosion-resistant  
over 200 h
Note 4: Tracking-susceptible materials usually fail within 5 h. Tracking-affected materials usually fail before about 100 h.
Note 5: This information is derive...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test Methods D2302, D2303, D3638, and D5288 are also useful to evaluate materials.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no equivalent ISO standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The electrical behavior of semiconducting extruded shielding materials is important for a variety of reasons, such as safety, static charges, and current transmission. This test method is useful in predicting the behavior of such semiconducting compounds. Also see Test Method D4496.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the volume resistivity, measured longitudinally, of extruded crosslinked and thermoplastic semiconducting, conductor and insulation shields for wire and cable.  
1.2 In common practice the conductor shield is often referred to as the strand shield.  
1.3 Technically, this test method is the measurement of a resistance between two electrodes on a single surface and modifying that value using dimensions of the specimen geometry to calculate a resistivity. However, the geometry of the specimen is such as to support the assumption of a current path primarily throughout the volume of the material between the electrodes, thus justifying the use of the term “longitudinal volume resistivity.” (See 3.1.2.1.)  
1.4 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 7.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Thermal degradation is often a major factor affecting the life of insulating materials and the equipment in which they are used. The temperature index provides a means for comparing the thermal capability of different materials in respect to the degradation of a selected property (the aging criterion). This property needs to directly or indirectly represent functional needs in application. For example, it is possible that a change in dielectric strength will be of direct, functional importance. However, more often it is possible that a decrease in dielectric strength will indirectly indicate the development of undesirable cracking (embrittlement). A decrease in flexural strength has the potential to be of direct importance in some applications, but also has the potential to indirectly indicate a susceptibility to failure in vibration. Often, it is necessary that two or more criteria of failure be used; for example, dielectric strength and flexural strength.  
6.2 Other factors, such as vibration, moisture and contaminants, have the potential to cause failure after thermal degradation takes place. In this test method, water absorption provides one means to evaluate such considerations.  
6.3 For some applications, the aging criteria in this test method will not be the most suitable. Other criteria, such as elongation at tensile or flexural failure, or resistivity after exposure to high humidity or weight loss, have the potential to serve better. The procedures in this test method have the potential to be used with such aging criteria. It is important to consider both the nature of the material and its application. For example, it is possible that tensile strength will be a poor choice for glass-fiber reinforced laminates, because it is possible that the glass fiber will maintain the tensile strength even when the associated resin is badly deteriorated. In this case, flexural strength is a better criterion of thermal aging.  
6.4 When dictated by the needs of t...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 provides procedures for evaluating the thermal endurance of rigid electrical insulating materials. Dielectric strength, flexural strength, or water absorption are determined at room temperature after aging for increasing periods of time in air at selected-elevated temperatures. A thermal-endurance graph is plotted using a selected end point at each aging temperature. A means is described for determining a temperature index by extrapolation of the thermal endurance graph to a selected time.  
1.2 This test method is most applicable to rigid electrical insulation such as supports, spacers, voltage barriers, coil forms, terminal boards, circuit boards and enclosures for many types of application where retention of the selected property after heat aging is important.  
1.3 When dielectric strength is used as the aging criterion, it is also acceptable to use this test method for some thin sheet (flexible) materials, which become rigid with thermal aging, but is not intended to replace Test Method D1830 for those materials which must retain a degree of flexibility in use.  
1.4 This test method is not applicable to ceramics, glass, or similar inorganic materials.  
1.5 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as standard. Other units (in parentheses) are provided for information.  
1.6 When determining the thermal endurance of rigid EIM, the basic concepts in this standard follow IEEE 1, IEEE 98, and IEEE 101.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific warning statement is given in 11.3.4.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establis...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers semirigid, flame-retardant, crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to its extruded diameter when heated. The tubing shall be extruded, crosslinked, and then expanded to the required dimensions. The material shall conform to the chemical property requirements specified. Every lot of material manufactured shall be tested for restricted shrinkage, heat shock, tensile strength, and elongation to conform to the mechanical, thermal, electrical requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers semirigid, flame-retardant, crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to its extruded diameter when heated.
Note 1: This standard is similar but not identical to IEC 60684–3–228.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, except temperature which shall be stated in degrees Celsius. Values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three grades of nonrigid tubing of vinyl chloride polymer or its copolymers with other materials for use in electrical insulation. Clear transparent, black, white, yellow, green, blue, and red shall be considered standard colors. Colors other than these shall be considered special. Dimensional requirements to which tubing shall adhere are inside diameter, wall thickness, and commercial lengths. The tubing shall also conform to physical and electrical requirements, as follows: flammability; tensile strength; effect of elevated temperatures; ultimate elongation after immersion in oil; brittleness temperature; penetration resistance; volume resistivity; dielectric breakdown at high humidity; strain relief; and corrosive effect.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonrigid tubing of vinyl chloride polymer or its copolymers with other materials for use in electrical insulation in three grades, as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade A—General-purpose.  
1.1.2 Grade B—Low-temperature.  
1.1.3 Grade C—High-temperature.  
1.2 This standard and IEC-60684-3-100 to -105 address the same subject matter but differ in technical content.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Self-adhesion is a primary initial property since it affects layer-to-layer bonding. The integrity of the bond can significantly affect the electrical and physical performance of the insulation system. Therefore, the degree of self-adhesion is directly related to apparatus performance.  
5.2 A high degree of self-adhesion is desirable for most electrical applications. In this test, a short unwinding length indicates a high degree of self-adhesion.  
5.3 This test method has been found useful as a quality control test for lot acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover tests for bondable silicone rubber tapes which form a sealed structure either with the application of heat (and pressure if needed) or by the process of auto-adhesion (self-fusing).  
1.2 These test methods appear in the following sections:    
Test Method  
Section  
Adhesion  
3 – 10  
Bond Strength  
11 – 18  
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage  
19 – 26  
Hardness  
41  
Length  
33 and 34  
Thickness  
27 – 32  
Width  
36 – 40  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For a specific hazard statement see 23.1.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thermoplastic chlorinated polyethylene (CM) compounds suitable for use as an outer covering or jacket on electrical cables. Thermoplastic jackets shall conform to the requirements for physical properties specified. The sunlight and weather resistance of the jackets shall be tested to meet the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) compounds suitable for use as an outer covering or jacket on electrical cables.  
1.2 These jacket materials are suitable for use on cables which will be installed at temperatures above –35 °C.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers crosslinked chlorinated polyethylene compounds intended for use as jacket materials (outer coverings) on electrical wires and cables for general-purpose, heavy-duty, and extra-heavy-duty service. The materials under this specification, however, are not recommended for applications with very low temperature service requirement. Physical tests shall be performed and shall conform to the physical property requirements specified such as tensile strength, tensile stress at elongation, elongation at rupture, and tension set. Per service requirement, additional tests for sunlight and weather resistance shall be performed as well, and shall conform to the tensile strength and elongation requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers crosslinked chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) compounds suitable for use as outer coverings or jackets on electrical cables for general-purpose, heavy-duty, and extra-heavy-duty service.  
1.2 These jacket materials are not recommended for use on cables which are to be installed at a temperature less than –25 °C.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The absorption coefficient of polyolefin polymer pigmented with carbon black is useful to judge the degree and uniformity of dispersion of the pigment, and the adequacy of the quantitative level of pigment addition. These factors are used to predict the performance of the polymer material in response to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light as evidenced by minimal changes in specific properties.
Note 1: This test method was developed to evaluate ethylene polymer materials pigmented with small particle size carbon blacks suitable for UV protection. It is not known how accurate and reproducible the test would be with larger (35 nm or greater) particle size blacks. However, for larger particle sizes of carbon black, such as furnace black at 275 nm, when there is at least 5 or higher percent of carbon black, the material pigmented as such has suitable UV protection.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of light transmitted through a film of carbon black pigmented ethylene polymer.  
1.2 After calculation of the amount of light and film thickness, an absorption coefficient is calculated.  
1.3 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test, when applied to laminated plastics, is a measure of the interlaminar or intralaminar strength, whichever is smaller, in a direction normal to the plane of the laminate. When applied to nonlaminated plastics, the test is a measure of the cohesive strength of the material. The property determined is fundamental and has not yet been correlated with the results of any other method for bond strength.  
4.2 The test is potentially useful as (1) a research test when studying the effects of changes in independent variables, (2) a specification test, or (3) a referee test.  
4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, make reference to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions or testing parameters or combination thereof covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications then the default conditions apply. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist. (A) νr  is the within-laboratories standard deviation of the mean, expressed as a percentage of the listed average.(B) νR  is the between-laboratories standard deviation of the mean, expressed as a percentage of the listed average.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bond strength or ply adhesion strength of sheet plastic and electrical insulating materials. It is applicable to both laminated and nonlaminated thermoplastic and thermosetting materials.  
1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for testing hookup wire insulations including all components of the insulation system used on single insulated conductors or an assembly of single insulated conductors such as a cable bundle and harness or flat ribbon cable. The insulating materials include not only the primary insulation over the conductor, but also insulating jackets over shielded constructions. The test procedures covered here shall be performed in the conditions or shall determine the properties, as follows: axial stability (longitudinal change) after thermal exposure; bondability to potting compounds; capacitance; cold bend test; concentricity; crush resistance; dielectric breakdown voltage; dimensions; dry-arc tracking; dynamic cut-through; fluid immersion; high temperature shock; insulation-continuity proof tests; insulation resistance; partial discharge (corona) inception and extinction voltage; relative thermal life and temperature index; strip force; surface resistance; tensile properties; vertical flame test; voltage rating of hook-up wire; voltage withstand test; and wet arc-tracking.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing hookup wire.  
1.2 For the purposes of these test methods, hookup wire insulation includes all components of the insulation system used on single insulated conductors or an assembly of single insulated conductors such as a cable bundle and harness or flat ribbon cable. The insulating materials include not only the primary insulation over the conductor, but also insulating jackets over shielded constructions.  
1.3 These test methods and their locations are as follows:    
Section  
Axial Stability (Longitudinal Change) After Thermal Exposure  
20  
Bondability of Insulation to Potting Compounds  
18  
Capacitance  
9 to 11  
Cold Bend Test  
25  
Concentricity  
25  
Crush Resistance  
19  
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage  
5  
Dimensions  
14  
Dry-arc Tracking  
28  
Dynamic Cut-through  
21  
Fluid Immersion  
22  
High Temperature Shock  
23  
Insulation-Continuity Proof Tests  
12  
Insulation Resistance  
6  
Partial Discharge (Corona) Inception and Extinction Voltage  
24  
Relative Thermal Life and Temperature Index  
13  
Strip Force  
26  
Surface Resistance  
26  
Tensile Properties  
16  
Vertical Flame  
17  
Vertical Flame Test A  
18.5
(Test Method D8354)  
Vertical Flame Test B  
17.6 – 17.11.4  
Voltage Rating of Hook-Up Wire  
Annex A1  
Voltage Withstand Test  
8  
Wet Arc-tracking  
27  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 17.1.3, 24.4, and Note 18.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a durable general-purpose thermoplastic jacket made from poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate for use in wires and cables at specified minimum installing temperature. The jackets shall meet specified values of the following physical and electrical properties: unexposed (unaged) tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation at rupture after air oven aging and oil immersion tests; heat distortion; heat shock; cold bend; surface resistivity; and U-bend discharge at required cable insulation AC test voltage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a durable general-purpose thermoplastic jacket made from poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate suitable for a minimum installing temperature of −10 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to flexible fluoropolymer resin heat-shrinkable extruded tubing made from tetrafluoroethylene resin, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene (FEP), and from perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) resin for use as electrical insulation. This specification covers three types of tubings, namely: Type I tubing, normally made by paste extrusion, and Type II and Type III tubings, normally made by melt extrusion. The finished compound shall be free of all foreign matter other than intended formulation additives. The material shall conform to the specified chemical and physical property requirements such as: (1) restricted shrinkage, (2) specific gravity, (3) longitudinal change, (4) tensile modulus at elongation, (5) volume resistivity, (6) dielectric breakdown voltage, (7) heat resistance, (8) low-temperature flexibility, and (9) melting point. The dimensional requirements after unrestrictive shrinkage such as inside diameter, wall thickness, and stock lengths are specified. The sampling and test methods to determine conformance to the specified requirements are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to flexible heat-shrinkable extruded tubing made from tetrafluoroethylene resin, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, and from perfluoroalkoxy resin for use as electrical insulation. This specification excludes crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) copolymer which are covered under Specification D3144.
Note 1: This standard is similar but not identical to IEC 60684-3-240.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except temperature, which shall be stated in degrees Celsius. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The lists of components and materials are useful in enhancing the user's understanding of the technology and construction of fiber-optics cables and the development of performance standards for cables.  
4.2 This guide is intended for use by all parties involved with fiber optics: materials suppliers, cable manufacturers, and end-users.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a list of materials commonly used in components that provide insulation, jacketing and strength in fiber-optic cables. Where these materials are covered by ASTM standards, an appropriate reference is made. Due to changing technology, not all materials being used are necessarily listed here.  
1.2 This guide does not include materials used in components for optical purposes (optical fiber and its coating) or external metallic armoring (such as for a barrier to rodents).  
1.3 This guide offers two general lists of materials:  
1.3.1 A subdivision of fiber-optic cable construction into components that are used for insulation, jacketing, or strength, with a generic material classification for specific applications in each component (see Section 5), and  
1.3.2 An alphabetical list of the generic material classifications, showing ASTM standards where they exist (see Table 1).  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Physical tests, properly interpreted, provide information with regard to the physical properties of the insulation or jacket. The physical test values give an approximation of how the insulation will physically perform in its service life. Physical tests provide useful data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejection under specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing crosslinked insulations and jackets for wire and cable. To determine the test to be made on the particular insulation or jacket, refer to the product specification for that type. These test methods do not apply to the class of products known as flexible cords.  
1.2 In many instances the insulation or jacket cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated or jacketed wire or cable in these test methods solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation or jacket and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.3 These test methods appear in the following sections:    
Test Method  
Section(s)  
AC and DC Voltage Withstand Tests  
22 to 29  
Capacitance and Dissipation Factor Tests  
38 to 44  
Cold Bend  
124  
Cold Bend, Long-time Voltage Test on Short Specimens  
51 to 57  
Double AC Voltage Test on Short Specimens  
45 to 50  
Electrical Tests of Insulation  
17 to 64  
Heat Distortion Test  
123  
Horizontal Flame Test  
100
(Test Method D7936)  
Insulation Resistance Tests on Completed Cable  
30 to 37  
Mineral Filler Content, Determination of  
107 to 111  
Ozone Resistance Test  
87 to 99  
Partial-Discharge Test  
58 to 64  
Physical Tests of Insulation and Jacket Compounds  
5 to 16  
Surface Resistivity Test  
112 to 116  
Track Resistance Test  
125 to 128  
U-Bend Discharge Test  
117 to 121  
Water Absorption Test  
65 to 71  
Water Absorption Test, Accelerated  
72 to 86  
Water Absorption Test on Fibrous Coverings  
101 to 106  
1.4 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in the parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards see Section 4.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods include most of the important tests used to characterize heat-shrinkable tubing. They are intended primarily for, but not limited to, extruded heat-shrinkable tubing.  
4.2 It is acceptable to use variations in these test methods or alternate contemporary methods of measurement to determine the values for the properties in this standard provided such methods ensure quality levels and measurement accuracy equal to or better than those prescribed herein. It is the responsibility of the organizations using alternate test methods to be able to demonstrate this condition. In cases of dispute, the methods specified herein shall be used.
Note 2: Provision for alternate methods is necessary because of (1) the desire to simplify procedures for specific applications without altering the result, and (2) the desire to eliminate redundant testing and use data generated during manufacturing process control, including that generated under Statistical Process Control (SPC) conditions, using equipment and methods other than those specified herein. An example would be the use of laser micrometers or optical comparators to measure dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of heat-shrinkable tubing used for electrical insulation. Materials used include poly(vinyl chloride), polyolefins, fluorocarbon polymers, silicone rubber, and other plastic or elastomeric compounds.  
1.2 These test methods appear in the following sections:    
Procedure  
Section(s)  
Test
Method(s)  
Adhesive Peel Strength  
94 – 100  
Brittleness Temperature  
40  
D746  
Color  
55 and 56  
D1535  
Color Stability  
57 – 62  
D1535  
Conditioning  
7  
D618  
Copper Stability  
89  
Corrosion Testing  
85 – 91  
Dielectric Breakdown  
20 – 25  
D149  
Dimensions  
8 – 13  
D876  
Flammability  
68  
D8355
(Methods A, C, or D)  
Fluid Resistance  
63 – 67  
Fungus Resistance  
100 – 104  
Heat Resistance  
49 – 54  
Heat Shock  
26 – 30  
Low-temperature Properties  
36 – 43  
Restricted Shrinkage  
14 – 19  
Selection of Test Specimens  
6  
Secant Modulus  
77 – 80  
D882  
Storage Life  
31 – 35  
Specific Gravity  
69 and 70  
D792  
Stress Modulus  
81 – 84  
D412  
Tensile Strength and Ultimate Elongation  
44 – 48  
D412  
Thermal Endurance  
92 and 93  
Volume Resistivity  
71 – 74  
D257  
Water Absorption  
75 and 76  
D570  
Melting Point  
100 – 104  
D3418  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except for temperature, which shall be expressed in degrees Celsius. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 5 and for fire test safety caveats see Test Methods D8355.
Note 1: These test methods are similar, but not identical to, those in IEC 60684-2 (see also Note 9).  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
12.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage of the sleeving is of importance as a measure of its ability to withstand electrical stress without failure. This value does not correspond to the dielectric breakdown voltage expected in service, but is of value in comparing different materials or different lots, in controlling manufacturing processes or, when coupled with experience, for a limited degree of design work. The comparison of dielectric breakdown voltage of the same sleeving before and after environmental conditioning (moisture, heat, and the like) gives a measure of its ability to resist these effects. For a more detailed discussion, refer to Test Method D149.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing electrical insulating sleeving comprising a flexible tubular product made from a woven textile fibre base, such as cotton, rayon, nylon, or glass, thereafter impregnated, or coated, or impregnated and coated, with a suitable dielectric material.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:    
Procedures  
Section(s)  
Selection of Test Material  
5  
Conditioning  
6  
Dimensions  
7 to 11  
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage  
12 to 17  
Brittleness Temperature  
18 to 21  
Flammability (See Test Methods D8355)  
22 to 23  
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage After Short-Time Aging  
24 to 28  
Oil Resistance  
29 to 32  
Thermal Endurance  
33 to 39  
Compatibility of Sleeving with Magnet Wire Insulation  
40 to 54  
Solvent Resistance  
55 to 60  
Hydrolytic Stability  
61 to 67  
Effect of Push-Back After Heat Aging  
68 to 73  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units, except for °C, are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This is a fire-test-response standard. See Test Methods D8355, which contains procedures for flammability tests.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 40.2 and 58.1.1.
Note 1: This standard resembles IEC 60684-2, Specification for Flexible Insulating Sleeving—Part 2 Methods of Test, in a number of ways, but is not consistently similar throughout. The data obtained using either standard are not necessarily technically equivalent.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thermoplastic insulating materials made of poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate recommended for use in wires and cables operating in wet or dry locations at specified conductor temperatures and maximum voltage ratings for power and control circuits. Since the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable, tests shall then be done on insulated wire or cable solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Materials shall conform to the following physical requirements: unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation after air oven aging; heat shock; heat distortion; behavior during vertical flame test; oil resistance; tensile strength and elongation after oil immersion; behavior during cold bend test, and size and thickness. Insulations shall also perform satisfactorily during tests for AC and DC voltage, insulation resistance, accelerated water absorption, and dielectric strength retention.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a thermoplastic insulation of poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate.  
1.2 This insulation is recommended for use at conductor temperatures not in excess of 60 °C in wet or dry locations at a maximum voltage rating of 600 V for power and control circuits.  
1.3 In many instances, the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire or cable in this specification solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4.1 In some cases (including the title), temperatures are described in degrees Celsius only.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the manufacture, testing, and property requirements of two types of flexible crosslinked chlorinated polyolefin heat-shrinkable tubing used for electrical insulating purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to the specified diameter when heated. Type I tubing is used for normal operating temperatures, while Type II tubing is used for extended operating temperatures. The finished compound shall be free of foreign matter other than antioxidants, flame retardants, processing aids, crosslinking agents, pigments or other additives as appropriate. The final tubing shall be extruded, crosslinked and then expanded to the required dimensions. Specimens shall be sampled and tested accordingly for the following properties: corrosion by copper mirror and copper contact test; solvent resistance by immersion in Grade JP-4 fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic fluid, sodium chloride solution, anti-icing fluid, and aviation gasoline; flammability (time of burning and burning distance); water absorption; and tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and weight increase.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible crosslinked chlorinated polyolefin heat-shrinkable tubing used for electrical insulating purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to the specified diameter when heated.
Note 1: This standard does not have a similar or equivalent IEC standard.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 In some cases, temperatures are described in degrees Celsius only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) thermoplastic insulation for conducting wires and cables operating continuously at a specified conductor temperature, within the specified voltage range, and under wet or dry conditions. The insulation has potential low-temperature installation limitations. The prescribed tests cannot be performed unless the insulation is formed around a conductor, but these are done solely to determine the insulation properties and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Each test sample should be subjected to an ac and dc voltage withstand tests and insulation resistance test and should comply with the required values for unaged and aged requirements of tensile strength and elongation at rupture, heat shock, heat distortion, vertical flame test results, oil resistance, and cold bend test results. All joints and repairs in the insulation should be done in such a way as the affected parts meet the same electrical requirements as the rest of the insulation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a thermoplastic insulation of poly (vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate. This insulation is recommended for use at conductor temperatures not in excess of 90 °C.  
1.2 Depending on the thickness of the insulation, the maximum voltage used, and whether the location is wet or dry, this insulation is acceptable for use in 300 V (dry) and 600 V (wet or dry) power and control circuits.  
1.3 This insulation has potential low-temperature installation limitations. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations for installation.  
1.4 In many instances, the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire or cable in this specification solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 In some cases (including the title), temperatures are described in degrees Celsius only.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Physical tests, properly interpreted, provide information with regard to the physical properties of the insulation or jacket. The physical test values give an approximation of how the insulation will physically perform in its service life. Physical tests provide useful data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejection under specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the testing of thermoplastic insulations and jackets used on insulated wire and cable. To determine the test to be made on the particular insulation or jacket compound, refer to the product specification for that type. These test methods do not apply to the class of products known as flexible cords. The electrical tests on insulation and water-absorption tests do not apply to the class of products having a separator between the conductor and the insulation.  
1.2 These test methods pertain to insulation or jacket material for electrical wires and cables. In many instances the insulation or jacket material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated or jacketed wire or cable in these test methods solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation or jacket material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.3 Whenever two sets of values are stated, in different units, the values in the first set are regarded as standard, while the values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards see Section 4 and for fire test safety caveats see Test Method D8354.  
1.5 These test methods appear in the following sections:    
Test Method  
Section(s)  
Cold Bend Test  
75 to 77  
Dielectric Strength Retention Test  
45 to 51  
Electrical Tests of Insulation  
17 to 29  
Heat Distortion Test  
74  
Heat Shock Test  
73  
Insulation Resistance Test  
30 to 37  
Test Method  
Section(s)  
Partial-discharge Extinction Level Test  
38 to 44  
Physical Tests of Insulation and Jackets  
5 to 16  
Flammability  
63
(Test Method D8354)  
Surface Resistivity Test  
64 to 67  
Thermal Tests  
72 to 77  
Track Resistance Test  
78 to 81  
U-bend Discharge Test  
68 to 71  
Vertical Flame Test  
63  
Water Absorption Tests, Accelerated  
52 to 62  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ozone-resistant thermoplastic elastomer insulation for electrical wires and cables operating continuously at specified conductor temperatures, within the specified voltage range, and under wet or dry conditions. The prescribed tests cannot be performed unless the insulation is formed around a conductor, but these are done solely to determine the insulation properties and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Each test sample should be subjected to ac and dc voltage withstand tests as well as insulation resistance tests and should comply with the required values for aging, heat distortion, electrical permittivity, increase in capacitance, stability factor, and accelerated water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an ozone-resistant insulating compound for electrical wire and cables 14 AWG and larger. This compound consists substantially of a thermoplastic elastomer.  
1.2 This type of insulation is suitable for continuous operation at conductor temperatures not exceeding 90 °C in dry locations and 75 °C in wet locations. Operating voltages are not to exceed 2000 V. The minimum installation temperature is −40 °C.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 In many instances the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire or cable in this document solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a thermoplastic poly(vinyl chloride) insulation for wire and cable at the prescribed temperature. This insulation is recommended for use in power and control circuits at the specified thickness and voltage ratings and to dry locations. Tests are done on insulated wire or cable in this specification solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable. The insulation shall conform to the physical property requirements prescribed for the following: (1) tensile strength and elongation for unaged specimen and aged (using air oven test) tubular and buffed die-cut specimen, (2) heat shock, (3) heat distortion, (4) vertical flame test, (5) tensile strength and elongation for oil resistance test, and (6) cold bond test. Electrical tests shall be performed in the following order: ac voltage test, insulation resistance test, and dc voltage test. The insulation shall conform to the other electrical requirements such as accelerated water absorption (including permittivity and capacitance) and dielectric strength, and shall meet the prescribed thickness as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a thermoplastic insulation of poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate.  
1.2 This insulation is recommended for use in power and control circuits at temperatures not higher than 75 °C. At a thickness of 15 mils (0.38 mm), application is limited to voltage ratings below 300 V, and to dry locations. At a thickness of 30 mils, the application range is widened to dry or wet applications, and to a voltage rating of 600 V.  
1.3 In many instances the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire or cable in this specification solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4.1 In come cases (including the title), temperatures are described in degrees Celsius only.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to two types of flexible, crosslinked (Type II) and noncrosslinked (Type I) poly(vinyl chloride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulating purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to its extruded diameter when heated. Besides dimensional requirements such as inside diameter and wall thickness, the tubing shall also adhere to the following chemical and physical property requirements: restricted shrinkage; longitudinal change; dielectric strength; color and color stability; water absorption; specific gravity; volume resistivity; flammability; heat shock; low-temperature flexibility; tensile strength; elongation; heat resistance; resistance to fluids such as hydraulic fluid, JP-4 fuel, lubricating oils, de-icing fluid, and NaCl solution; copper corrosion; behavior during copper dust humidity test; and shelf life.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to flexible, crosslinked and noncrosslinked poly(vinyl chloride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulating purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to its extruded diameter when heated.
Note 1: This standard is similar but not identical to IEC 60684–3–201.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 In some cases (including the title), temperatures are described in degrees Celsius only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods include most of the test methods that are considered important to characterize nonrigid vinyl chloride polymer tubing. While they were developed initially for this type of extruded tubing, their use is not limited to this type of tubing.  
4.2 Variations in these test methods or alternate contemporary methods are acceptable for use determine the values for the properties in this standard provided such methods ensure quality levels and measurement accuracy equal to or better than those prescribed herein. It is the responsibility of the organizations using alternate test methods to be able to demonstrate this condition. In cases of dispute, the test methods specified herein shall be used.
Note 2: Provision for alternate methods is necessary because of (1) the desire to simplify procedures for specific applications without altering the result, and (2) the desire to eliminate redundant testing and use data generated during manufacturing process control, including that generated under Statistical Process Control (SPC) conditions, using equipment and methods other than those specified herein. An example would be the use of laser micrometers or optical comparators to measure dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of general-purpose (Grade A), low-temperature (Grade B), and high-temperature (Grade C)2 nonrigid vinyl chloride polymer tubing, or its copolymers with other materials, for use as electrical insulation. For the purpose of these test methods nonrigid tubing shall be tubing having an initial elongation in excess of 100 % at break.
Note 1: These test methods are similar but not identical to those in IEC 60684–2.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except for temperature, which shall be expressed in degrees Celsius. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The procedures appear in the following sections:    
Procedure  
Section  
ASTM Reference Standard  
Brittleness Temperature  
37 – 39  
D746  
Corrosion Tests  
68 – 79  
D1000  
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage at High Humidity  
59 – 67  
E104  
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage  
52 – 58  
D149  
Dimensional Tests  
8 – 14  
D374  
Effect of Elevated Temperatures  
19 – 30  
D412  
Flammability Test  
D8355,  
Test Method A  
Oil Resistance Test  
29 – 36  
D471  
Penetration Test  
40 – 45  
Sampling  
6  
Strain Relief Test  
62 – 67  
Tension Test  
16 – 18  
D412  
Test Conditions  
7  
Volume Resistivity  
46 – 51  
D257  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 5.  
1.5 For fire test caveats, see Test Methods D8355.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These test methods details the standard procedures for testing certain properties of vulcanized fibre sheets, tubes, and rods of such grades as can be used for electrical insulation. Arc resistance, ash content, bond strength (ply adhesion), bursting strength, compressive strength, conditioning, density, dielectric strength, dimensional measurements, flammability, flexural strength, silica content, tearing strength, tensile strength, thickness (for sheets), resistance to impact, Rockwell hardness, volatile matter content, water absorption, and zinc chloride content are among the properties that these test methods shall be able to examine.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for testing vulcanized fibre sheets, rolls, tubes, and rods of such grades as can be used for electrical insulation.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following sections:    
Procedure  
Section  
Arc Resistance  
23  
Ash  
6  
Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion)  
16  
Bursting Strength  
14  
Compressive Strength  
12, 25, 30  
Conditioning  
4  
Density  
17, 26, 32  
Dielectric Strength  
18, 27  
Dimensional Measurements  
28, 33  
Flammability  
22  
Flexural Strength  
13, 31  
Silica  
7  
Tearing Strength  
11  
Tensile Strength  
10, 24, 29  
Thickness (Sheets)  
20  
Resistance to Impact  
15  
Rockwell Hardness  
19  
Volatile Matter  
8  
Water Absorption  
5  
Zinc Chloride  
9  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.3, 22.1, and 22.2.
Note 1: The test methods described herein are similar technically to those described in IEC Publication 60667-2. Not all of the tests in this document are included in IEC 60667-2, and the procedures in the two publications are not completely identical; but it is expected that comparable results will be obtained from most of the procedures. Conduct comparative tests if necessary before directly comparing results of tests using the different procedures.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a crosslinked polyethylene insulation for electrical wires and cables for conductor sizes 8 AWG (8.37 mm2) and larger. The base polymer of this insulation consists substantially of polyethylene. The partial discharge, ac voltage, insulation resistance, and dc voltage shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The accelerated water absorption, permittivity and dissipation factor, U-bend discharge, and surface resistivity shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The heat distortion, and percent hot creep and percent hot set shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a crosslinked polyethylene insulation for electrical wires and cables for conductor sizes 8 AWG (8.37 mm2) and larger. The base polymer of this insulation consists substantially of polyethylene.  
1.2 This type of insulation is suitable for use on power cables in wet and dry locations at conductor temperatures not exceeding 90 °C for continuous operation, 130 °C for emergency overload conditions, and 250 °C for short-circuit conditions. It is considered suitable for all sizes and voltage classifications of single- and multiple-conductor power cables at voltage ratings of 2001 to 35 000 V phase-to-phase at the 100 % insulation level and at voltage ratings of 2001 to 25 000 V at the 133 % insulation level as listed in Table 1C of Test Methods D470.  
1.3 Materials covered by this specification are not sunlight- and weather-resistant unless they are carbon black pigmented or contain an additive system designed for this protection.  
1.4 In many instances the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire in this standard solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.5 Whenever two sets of values are stated, in different units, the values in the first set are regarded as standard, while the values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers thermoplastic polymer insulation consisting substantially of polyethylene considered suitable for use on electrical wire or cable with specified maximum conductor sizes that will be used for continuous operation at specified conductor temperatures and maximum voltage ratings for power application or series lighting. Since the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor, tests shall then be done on insulated wire or cable in this specification are solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the insulated conductor or completed cable. Materials shall conform to physical properties as to unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture, tensile strength and elongation at rupture after air oven aging, absorption coefficient, and insulation thickness. Insulations shall also be tested for their electrical performance in terms of AC and DC voltage, partial discharge, and insulation resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a thermoplastic insulation which consists substantially of polyethylene.  
1.2 This type of insulation is considered suitable for use on wire or cable that will be used for continuous operation at conductor temperatures up to 75 °C with a maximum conductor size of 1000 kcmil (507 mm2). The maximum voltage rating shall not exceed 35 000 V for power application or 9 000 V for series lighting.  
1.3 In many instances the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor. Therefore, tests done on insulated wire or cable in this specification are solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the insulated conductor or completed cable.  
1.4 Whenever two sets of values are stated, in different units, the values in the first set are regarded as standard, while the values in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 Electrical tests, properly interpreted, provide information with regard to the electrical properties of the insulation. The electrical test values give an indication as to how the insulation will perform under conditions similar to those observed in the tests. Electrical tests provide data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejection under specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for electrical testing of thermoplastic insulations and jackets used on telecommunications wire and cable and for the testing of electrical characteristics of completed products. To determine the procedure to be used on the particular insulation or jacket compound, or on the end product, reference should be made to the specification for the product.  
1.2 These test methods appear in the following sections of this standard:    
Test Method  
Sections  
Electrical Tests of Insulation—In-process  
5 – 9  
DC proof test  
9  
Insulation Defect or Fault Rate  
8  
Spark Test  
7  
Electrical Tests of Completed Wire and Cable  
10 – 52  
Attenuation  
25  
Attenuation, Effects Due to Aging  
32  
Attenuation, Effects Due to Elevated Temperature  
30  
Attenuation, Effects Due to Humidity  
31  
Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio—Far End (ACR-F)  
29  
Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio—Near End (ACR-N)  
27  
Capacitance Deviation  
20  
Capacitance Difference  
21  
Capacitance Unbalance, Pair-to-ground (CUPG)  
23  
Capacitance Unbalance, Pair-to-pair (CUPP)  
22  
Capacitance Unbalance, Pair-to-support Wire  
24  
Characteristic Impedance—Test Method 1: Propagation Constant and Capacitance  
48  
Characteristic Impedance—Test Method 2: Single-ended Measurements  
49  
Characteristic Impedance—Test Method 3: Least Squares Function Fit  
50  
Coaxial Capacitance (Capacitance to Water)  
18  
Conductor Continuity  
12  
Conductor Resistance (CR)  
14  
Conductor Resistance Unbalance (CRU of Pairs)  
16  
Continuity of Other Metallic Elements  
13  
Crosses Test (Continuity Between Wires of Different Pairs)  
36  
Crosstalk Loss, Far-end  
28  
Crosstalk Loss, Near-end  
26  
DC Proof Test, Core-to-internal Shield (Screen)  
41  
DC Proof Test, Core-to-shield  
39  
DC Proof Test, Core-to-support Wire  
40  
DC Proof Test, Internal Shield (Screen)-to-shield  
42  
DC Proof Test, Other Required Isolations  
43  
DC Proof Test, Wire-to-wire  
38  
Fault Rate Test (Air Core Only)  
34  
Insulation Resistance (IR)  
33  
Jacket Voltage Breakdown Rating Test  
37  
Mutual Capacitance (CM)  
19  
Mutual Conductance  
17  
Phase Constant  
45  
Phase Delay  
46  
Phase Velocity  
47  
Resistance of Other Metallic Cable Elements  
15  
Shorts Test (Continuity Between Wires of a Pair)  
35  
Structural Return Loss and Return Loss  
51  
Unbalance Attenuation (Conversion Losses)  
52  
Voltage Surge Test  
44  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Sections 7 and 38.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to T...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dimensional measurements, properly interpreted, provide information with regard to the conductors, insulation, or jacket. The dimensional measurements provide data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejection under specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the physical testing of thermoplastic insulations and jackets used on telecommunications wire and cable and the testing of physical characteristics and environmental performance properties of completed products. To determine the procedure to be used on the particular insulation or jacket or on the completed wire or cable, make reference to the specification for that product.  
1.2 These test methods appear in the following sections of this standard:    
Test Method  
Section(s)  
Dimensional Measurements of Insulations, Jackets, Miscellaneous
Cable Components, and of Completed Cable  
4 – 9  
Cross-sectional Areas  
9  
Diameters  
6  
Eccentricity  
8  
Thickness  
7  
Physical and Environmental Tests of Insulation and Jackets  
10 – 25  
Aging Test (Jackets Only)  
24  
Cold Bend (Insulation Only)  
16  
Environmental Stress Crack (Polyolefin Jackets Only)  
21  
Heat Distortion (Jackets Only)  
22  
Heat Shock (Jackets Only)  
23  
Insulation Adhesion  
19  
Insulation and Jacket Shrinkback (Oven Test)  
14  
Insulation Compression  
20  
Insulation Shrinkback (Solder Test)  
15  
Melt Flow Rate Change—Polyolefin Materials  
12  
Oil Immersion Test (Jackets Only)  
25  
Oxygen Induction Time (Polyolefin Insulation Only)  
17  
Oxygen Induction Time (Cable Filling Compound Only)  
18  
Tensile and Elongation Tests  
13  
Physical and Environmental Tests of Insulations and Jackets of
Completed Wire and Cable  
26 – 42  
Cable Torsion Test  
38  
Compound Flow Test (Filled Core Wire and Cable Only)  
42  
Corrugation Extensibility Test  
36  
Cable Impact Test  
33  
Jacket Bonding Tests  
29  
Jacket Notch Test  
32  
Jacket Peel or Pull  
28  
Jacket Slip Strength Test  
30  
Procedure  
Section(s)  
Pressure Test (Air Core Wire and Cable Only)  
40  
Sheath Adherence Test  
31  
Water Penetration Test (Filled Core Wire and Cable Only)  
41  
Wire and Cable Bending Test  
34  
Wire breaking strength  
37  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard, except where only SI units are given.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement see 19.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a low-density material based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), intended for use as jacketing material for wire and cable.  
1.1.1 The material has a closed cell foam structure.  
1.2 The jacketing material covered in this specification is intended for use in wires and cables in power-limited applications, such as optical fiber cables, communications cables, coaxial cables, or power limited fire alarm cables. The material is not intended for use in power cables.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers an ozone-resistant thermoplastic elastomer insulation for electrical wire and cables. This type of insulation is considered to be suitable for continuous operation at the specified conductor temperatures and operating voltages in dry locations. The minimum installation temperature is specified. Tests shall be done on insulated wire or cable solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable. The insulation shall conform to the prescribed physical property requirements such as (1) tensile strength and elongation at rupture before and after air oven aging test, (2) heat distortion, and (3) thickness. AC voltage, insulation resistance, and DC voltage tests shall be performed in that order when any of these tests are specified for electrical requirements. The insulation shall not show any cracks when tested by cold bend test and shall show no cracking or surface checking after exposure to the prescribed ozone concentration.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers an ozone-resistant insulating compound for electrical wire and cables 14 AWG and larger. This compound consists substantially of a thermoplastic elastomer.  
1.2 This type of insulation is considered suitable for continuous operation at conductor temperatures not exceeding 90 °C in dry locations. Operating voltages are not to exceed 2000 V. The minimum installation temperature is –40 °C.  
1.3 In many instances the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire or cable in this specification solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.4 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dissipation factor, permittivity, and dc volume resistivity are properties of communication cable fillers and filler components that are controlled in order that the cable's electrical performance falls within its design limits. Relatively small amounts of contaminants, such as polar compounds, water, or salts degrade the cable's electrical properties. Limits on the dielectric properties of the cable filling compound are usually specified by the cable manufacturer, by industry standards or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissipation factor, permittivity (dielectric constant), and ac volume resistivity of wire and cable filling compounds and related materials that are solid at room temperature, but capable of being melted at elevated temperature.  
1.2 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The physical and electrical properties, including break strength, elongation, dielectric strength, dissipation factor, permittivity, fusion, etc., will vary with temperature and moisture content. Control the temperature and moisture content of the sample for these test methods to yield consistent and reproducible results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the methods and procedures for testing electrically insulating and semi-conducting rubber tapes designed for splicing, terminating, and sheath repair of electrical wire and cable.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:    
Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Conditioning  
5 – 6  
Dielectric Strength  
35 – 40  
Dimensions  
11 – 16  
Dissipation Factor  
22 – 26  
Elongation  
17 – 21  
Heat Exposure  
46 – 49  
Fusion  
7 – 10  
Ozone Resistance  
41 – 45  
Permittivity  
22 – 26  
Sample Requirements  
4  
Tensile Strength  
17 – 21  
Volume Resistivity  
27 – 34  
Ultraviolet and Weather Resistance  
50 – 54  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no IEC equivalent to these methods.  
1.4 Unless otherwise stated, measurements are made on tapes from which the removable separator has been removed.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statement see 43.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a thermoplastic jacketing compound substantially consisting of pigmented polyethylene for use in electrical wires and cables with specified nominal thicknesses and operating at specified voltages. Since the jacket material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable, tests shall then be done on jacketed wires and cables solely to determine the relevant property of the jacket material and not to test the jacketed conductor or completed cable. Materials shall be suitably sampled and tested, and shall conform accordingly to the following physical and electrical properties: unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation at rupture after air oven aging; absorption coefficient; heat distortion; environmental stress-cracking; surface resistivity; and U-bend discharge.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a thermoplastic jacketing compound for 2 to 35 kV wire and cable, of at least 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) nominal thickness, consisting substantially of pigmented polyethylene.  
1.2 In many instances the jacket material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests done on jacketed wire and cable in this specification are solely to determine the relevant property of the jacket material and not to test the jacketed conductor or completed cable.  
1.3 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a variety of compounds used for flooding the shields and armors of telecommunications wires and cables (both electrical and fiber optic) for the purpose of preventing water and other undesirable fluids from entering or migrating along or through the cable sheath. The material may be of any chemical composition suitable for the intended purpose and should meet the requirements specified. The flooding compound shall display adhesive properties to provide adhesion between metallic sheath elements and the outer jacket materials of wire and cable. All flooding compounds manufactured in conformance to this specification shall meet the following requirements: homogeneity and foreign material.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of compounds used for flooding the shields and armors of telecommunications wires and cables (both electrical and fiber optic) for the purpose of preventing water and other undesirable fluids from entering or migrating along or through the cable sheath. (For related standards see Specifications D4731 and D4732.)  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers track-resistant black thermoplastic high-density polyethylene insulation for conducting wires and cables operating continuously at a specified conductor temperature. The insulation is suitable for use for power transmission in overhead spaced-line service that is exposed to sunlight and other atmospheric environments. The prescribed tests cannot be performed unless the insulation is formed around a conductor, but these are done solely to determine the insulation properties and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Each test sample should be subjected to an ac or dc voltage withstand test at voltages that are based on the nominal thickness of the insulation and should comply with the required values for aging, heat distortion, cold blend, U-bend discharge, track resistance, tensile strength, elongation at rupture, environmental cracking, and surface resistivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers track-resistant thermoplastic high-density polyethylene insulation. Before application to the conductor, the insulation shall comply with the requirements of Specification D1248, Type III, Class C or D, Category 5, Grade E10, J4, or J5. The requirements of Specification D1248 shall not apply to the insulation removed from the conductor.  
1.2 This type of insulation is considered suitable for use on wire or cable that will be used for continuous operation at conductor temperatures up to 75 °C.  
1.3 This insulation is suitable for use on wire or in cable used for power transmission in overhead spaced-line service, installed at temperatures above −25 °C and exposed to sunlight and other atmospheric environments between −55 and +75 °C.  
1.4 In many instances, the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor. Therefore, tests done on insulated wire in this standard are solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.5 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cable filling and flooding compounds are normally semi-solid at room temperature and fluid in varying degrees at elevated temperatures. They are normally applied in a liquid state and at an elevated temperature during wire and cable manufacturing. The completed finished wire or cable is exposed to various ambient conditions during its useful life. If not carefully selected, components of filling or flooding compounds have the potential to degrade the materials they contact, short term or long term. The following methods are intended to minimize the chances of such problems occurring.  
4.2 Some of the effects that might occur include, but are not limited to:  
4.2.1 Delamination of coated metal shields or screens in completed wire and cable. Delamination is primarily a function of the test temperature and the type of laminant used, so test results are unlikely to vary significantly between filling or flooding compounds of a common family (for example, petroleum based filling or flooding compounds).  
4.2.2 Degradation of physical properties of insulation, jackets, core coverings, etc. Likely manifestations of degradation of plastic material include embrittlement of some materials and excessive softening of other materials.  
4.3 Since the magnitude of any given effect will vary, some test procedures will be more critical than others. It is not, therefore, intended that every listed procedure be performed with every compatibility study. Perform procedures to the extent required by product specifications or as agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods evaluate the compatibility between cable filling or cable flooding compounds, or both, and polyolefin materials used in the manufacture of wire and cable that are usually in intimate contact with the filler or floodant, or both.  
1.2 These test methods are useful to ensure compatibility and to verify that new formulations of filling or flooding compounds will have no deleterious effect upon the other polyolefin materials being used or, conversely, use these methods to ensure that other polyolefin wire and cable materials are evaluated for possible use not degraded by contact with fillers or floodants already in use.  
1.3 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of cool-application compounds used for filling the air spaces in telecommunications wires and cables (both electrical and fiber optic) for the purpose of preventing water and other undesirable fluids from entering or migrating through the cable structure. Type I are general-purpose filling compounds including all materials to be used for filling cables that are not required to function under electrical stress (for example, all-dielectric fiber-optic cable), including filling compounds for fiber-optic loose buffer tubes. While, Type II are electrical-type filling compounds including materials having prescribed electrical properties and used for filling wires and cables that are required to function fully or partially under electrical stress (including hybrid fiber-optic cable). Though chemical composition is not specified, the filling compounds shall, however, be tested and conform accordingly to the following electrical, physical, and temperature characteristics, as agreed upon between producer and purchaser: dissipation factor; volume resistivity; corrosion inhibition; adhesion; flash point; high-temperature drip/oil separation (syneresis) in the raw material state; evaporation loss; water resistance; homogeneity; color and opacity; color stability; foreign materials; volatility; thermal oxidative stability; cone penetration; pour point; drop-melting point; viscosity; congealing point; drop point; cable drip-out temperature; and cold-bend low-temperature flexibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of compounds used for filling the air spaces in telecommunications wires and cables (both electrical and fiber optic) for the purpose of preventing water and other undesirable fluids from entering or migrating through the cable structure. (For related standards see Specifications D4730 and D4731.)  
1.2 A cool-application compound is a material that has sufficiently low viscosity that it does not require heating.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers extruded cross linked and thermoplastic semi-conducting, conductor and insulation shielding materials for electrical wires and cables. The materials covered are not compatible with hydro carbon derivatives of a swelling or deteriorating nature. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine physical properties like brittleness, aging requirements, and elongation at rupture and volume resistivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers crosslinked and thermoplastic extruded semi-conducting, conductor, and insulation shielding materials for electrical wires and cables.  
1.2 In many instances, the electrical properties of the shielding material are strongly dependent on processing conditions. For this reason, in this specification the material is sampled from cable. Therefore, tests are done on shielded wire in this standard solely to determine the relevant property of the shielding material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonmetallic semi-conducting and electrically insulating rubber tapes designed for the splicing and repair of electrical wire and cables operating at specified phase to phase voltages. The tapes, which are classified into five types (Types I, II, III, IV, and V), shall conform to physical property requirements such as tensile strength, elongation at break, dielectric strength, dissipation factor, permittivity, volume resistivity, behavior during fusion test, ozone resistance, heat exposure, and UV resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic semi-conducting and electrical insulating tapes designed for the splicing and repair of electrical wire and cables operating at voltages up to 325 kV, phase to phase.  
1.2 The SI values are the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information purposes only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a variety of petroleum-based and other compounds used for filling the air spaces in telecommunications wires and cables (both electrical and fiber optic) for the purpose of preventing water and other undesirable fluids from entering or migrating through the cable structure. The two basic types of filling compounds are specified: Type I which are general-purpose filling compounds that include all materials to be used for filling cables that are not required to function under electrical stress and Type II which are electrical-type filling compounds that include materials having prescribed electrical properties and used for filling wires and cables that are required to function fully or partially under electrical stress. Filling compound furnished shall inhibit the corrosion of any metallic wire and cable elements with which it comes in contact, while serving as a radial and longitudinal barrier to moisture transmission. Contact of the filling compound with any cable component shall not cause degradation of performance of the cable component. The filling compound shall display adhesive properties to provide adhesion between metallic sheath elements and the outer jacket materials of wire and cable. The following properties of filling compounds manufactured shall be determined: homogeneity, color and opacity, color stability, foreign materials, and other properties that includes volatility, thermal oxidative stability, and corrosion prevention.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a variety of petroleum-based and other compounds used for filling the air spaces in telecommunications wires and cables (both electrical and fiber optic) for the purpose of preventing water and other undesirable fluids from entering or migrating through the cable structure. (For related standards see Specifications D4730 and D4732).  
1.2 A hot-application compound is a material that requires melting in order to be applied as a liquid and its melting point affects its performance in the finished cable product.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers track-resistant black crosslinked polyethylene insulation for conducting wires and cables operating continuously at a specified conductor temperature. The insulation is suitable for use for power transmission in overhead spaced-line service that is exposed to sunlight and other atmospheric environments. The prescribed tests cannot be performed unless the insulation is formed around a conductor, but these are done solely to determine the insulation properties and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Each test sample should be subjected to an ac or dc voltage withstand test at voltages that are based on the nominal thickness of the insulation and should comply with the required values for aging, heat distortion, cold blend, U-bend discharge, track resistance, tensile strength, elongation at rupture, track resistance, and surface resistivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a track-resistant crosslinked polyethylene insulation, the base polymer which consists substantially of polyethylene or its copolymers. This insulation shall be carbon black pigmented, or colored and suitably protected to enable UV stability.  
1.2 This type of insulation is considered suitable for use on wire or cable that will be used for continuous operation at conductor temperatures up to 90 °C.  
1.3 This insulation is suitable for use on wire or in cable used for power transmission in overhead spaced-line service, installed at temperatures above −25° and exposed to sunlight and other atmospheric environments between −55 and +90 °C.  
1.4 In many instances, the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor. Therefore, tests done on insulated wire in this standard are solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.5 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vulcanized fibres in sheet, round rod, and round tube forms of bone, commercial, and electrical insulation grades. Fibres shall be tested appropriatedly and consequently conform to specified color, chemical composition, flexural strength, impact strength, tearing strength, compressive strength, water absorption, dielectric strength, bursting strength, density, Rockwell hardness, and dimensional and size requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vulcanized fibre (Note 1) sheets, rolls, round rods, and round tubes of such grades suitable for use as electrical insulation.  
Note 1: The variant spelling “fibre” has been approved by Committee D09 for use in this standard.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 In most applications, a friction tape must have adequate adhesion to remain in place and function properly.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the methods and procedures for testing friction tapes. Such tapes consist of a woven fabric sheeting that has been impregnated with an adhesive insulating compound and cut into rolls of narrow width. These tapes are commonly used for protecting and binding in place, insulation applied to joints of electrical wires and cables, and for other mechanical purposes.  
Note 1: The material specifications formerly included in these test methods are now contained in Specification D4514.  
1.2 The test methods included in this standard are as follows:    
Sections  
Adhesion  
6 – 11  
Aged Adhesion  
12 – 17  
Breaking Strength  
18 – 23  
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage  
24 – 29  
Dimensions  
30 – 35  
Discoloration of Copper  
36 – 40  
Parallelism  
41 – 45  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: There is no equivalent IEC standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the manufacture of and requirements for two types and two grades of electrical insulating tape consisting of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive. Type I is standard backing, while Type II is bondable backing tape. Grades are designate based on backing thickness. Besides standard lengths, widths, and thicknesses, tapes shall also conform to other requirements such as breaking strength, elongation, adhesion to steel and backing, dielectric breakdown, and high-humidity insulation resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers electrical insulating tape consisting of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: This standard is similar to IEC 60454-3-14.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.