ASTM D2684-95(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Permeability of Thermoplastic Containers to Packaged Reagents or Proprietary Products
Standard Test Method for Permeability of Thermoplastic Containers to Packaged Reagents or Proprietary Products
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the permeability of thermoplastic containers to packaged reagents or proprietary products under specified conditions of exposure. The exposures used are intended to simulate the normal and elevated temperature-storage conditions that might be encountered in end-use application.
1.2 This test method is applicable only to those types of containers designed to allow positive, leakproof closure.
1.3 Two procedures are provided:
1.3.1 Procedure A is specific to testing only with a standard design container. This procedure provides for determinations of rate of weight loss (or gain) and for calculation of a permeability factor.
1.3.2 Procedure B-- applies to tests of all other container designs. Permeability data by this procedure are expressed only in terms of rate of weight loss (or gain) for the particular container tested.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1--There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2684–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Permeability of Thermoplastic Containers to Packaged
Reagents or Proprietary Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
Ventilation Ovens
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the
permeability of thermoplastic containers to packaged reagents
3. Terminology
orproprietaryproductsunderspecifiedconditionsofexposure.
3.1 Definitions:
The exposures used are intended to simulate the normal and
3.1.1 permeability factor, P —the permeability of a given
t
elevated temperature-storage conditions that might be encoun-
plastic to a given product at temperature t, in degrees Celsius,
tered in end-use application.
expressedinunitsofg·cm/day·m ,asdeterminedbyProcedure
1.2 This test method is applicable only to those types of
A. The permeability factor under 23°C test conditions, for
containers designed to allow positive, leakproof closure.
example, is signified by the notation P .
1.3 Two procedures are provided:
3.1.2 Determination of P is based on an averaged wall
t
1.3.1 Procedure A isspecifictotestingonlywithastandard
thickness over the entire area of the container and an assump-
design container. This procedure provides for determinations
tion that permeation rate is inversely proportional to the
of rate of weight loss (or gain) and for calculation of a
thickness. Precaution in the extent of allowable variations of
permeability factor.
these factors is recommended, and use of P should take into
t
1.3.2 Procedure B applies to tests of all other container
consideration that wall thickness of the containers varies, that
designs.Permeabilitydatabythisprocedureareexpressedonly
the estimate of average thickness from density, area, and
in terms of rate of weight loss (or gain) for the particular
weight is not exact, and that permeability of the product
container tested.
throughtheplasticmaterialmaynotbedirectlyproportionalto
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the thickness.
standard.
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard. 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Test bottles are filled with the test product and, after
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sealing, are exposed at 23°C (73.4°F) and 50°C (122°F)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conditions for 28 days or longer. Measurements of weight are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
made at intervals to determine the average rate of weight
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
change.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Withtheproperprecautionsandbackgroundexperience,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
results can be useful for estimation of the loss of a packaged
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
product through the walls of a container during shelf storage.
D1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics and Extru-
The test is also useful for isolating the effects of a container
sion Materials for Wire and Cable
design and materials, and is applicable for development and
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
research and for specification purposes.
Gradient Technique
5.2 In the absence of adequate supporting data, extrapola-
tionsorcorrelationsofresultstoconditionsbeyondthoseofthe
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
test are not recommended because of possible product alter-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Products.
ation, solvency, or chemical effects on the plastic, etc.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
published as D2684–68T. Last previous edition D2684–89. 5.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
shouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2684–95 (2001)
materials specification shall take precedence over those men-
tioned in this test method. If there are no material specifica-
tions, then the default conditions apply.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Enclosure or room with provision for maintaining the
standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F)
and 50 6 5% relative humidity, as defined by Practice D618.
6.2 Circulating-Air Oven, consistent with ovens in accor-
dance with Specification E145, capable of maintaining a
temperature of 50 6 1°C (122 6 1.8°F) and an airflow rate of
3 3
8.5 to 17.0 m /min (300 to 600 ft /min). The limitation of 25
ft on oven size can be overlooked, provided all other require-
ments are met.
NOTE 2—Only explosion-proof equipment with provision for adequate
exhaust of vapors should be used for tests with potentially hazardous or
toxic products.
NOTE 3—Relative humidity variation can significantly affect perme-
ability loss in many products, especially water-based products in various
thermoplastics. Therefore, the user may find it useful to equip the oven
with a means to measure relative humidity and to record the same during
the period of test.
6.3 Balance, accurate to 0.01% of the weight of test
NOTE 1—Dimensions are in millimetres.
container and contents.
FIG. 1 Standard Container for Permeability Test
6.4 Container Seals, suitable heat-sealing laminate and
polyethylene or other suitably lined screw-type closures for
than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of
sealing the containers.
Practice D618, for those tests where conditioning is required.
6.5 Heat Sealer.
In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61°C
6.6 Torque Wrench.
(61.8°F) and 62% relative humidity.
9.2 Test Conditions—Conduct tests in the standard labora-
7. Reagents and Materials
tory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 65%
7.1 The reagent or proprietary product as specified for
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-
testing.
ods. In cases of disagreements, the tolerances shall be 61°C
(61.8°F) and 62% relative humidity.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 The test specimen for Procedure A shall be the 4-oz
10. Procedure A (Standard Container)
cylindrical bottle design as specified in Fig. 1, having a
10.1 With specimens taken from the sidewalls of three of
2 2
nominal external surface area of 154 cm (23.8 in. ).
the containers, determine the average plastic density by Test
8.2 The test specimen for Procedure B may be any thermo-
Method D1505, or by an alternative method of equivalent
plastic container, as specified or selected for test evaluation,
accuracy.
provided it is designed to allow positive closure.
10.2 For each test temperature, select a minimum of three
8.3 Foreachprocedure,aminimumofthreespecimensshall
containers. Weigh each when empty, without the closure.Also
be tested at each temperature. Three additional specimens are
weigh the empty containers with their corresponding closures
required for Procedure A for determination of the plastic
and appropriately sized laminate pieces.
density.
10.3 Fill the containers to nominal capacity with the test
NOTE 4—Trim and finish the containers, if needed, to ensure a smooth product.
contacting surface for positive seal.
10.4 Make a thorough check for any drippage or spill of
productontheoutsidesurfaceofthecontainers.Ifanyisnoted,
9. Conditioning
replace the container with a new specimen.
9.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23 6
10.5 Heat seal the containers with the laminate (plastic to
2°C(73.4 63.6°F)and50 65%relativehumidityfornotless
plastic), check for l
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