ASTM D4704-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength, Tongue Tear of Leather
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength, Tongue Tear of Leather
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Knowledge of the strength of the sample can be a determining factor for the end use of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for determining the tearing strength of leather by measuring the force required to tear a specimen cut perpendicular to the surface. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4704 − 12
StandardTest Method for
1
Tearing Strength, Tongue Tear of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method is intended for determining the tearing 5.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
strength of leather by measuring the force required to tear a
5.2 Thickness Gage,adeadweighttypeofthicknessgageas
specimen cut perpendicular to the surface. This test method
described in Test Method D1813.
does not apply to wet blue.
5.3 Steel Die, to cut test specimens.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 6. Sampling and Test Specimens
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
6.1 Unlessotherwisespecified,sampletheleatheraccording
and are not considered standard.
to Practice D2813.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6.2 The specimen shall be a rectangular piece of leather,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1 × 4 in. (25.4 × 101.6 mm) by the full thickness of the unit. It
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3
shall have a ⁄16 in. (4.76 mm) hole located on the long axis 1
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in. (25.4 mm) from one end and shall be split along its axis
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
from the hole to the other end to form two tongues. The
direction of the long axis of the specimen relative to the
2. Referenced Documents
backbone shall be noted. See Fig. 1.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-
7. Conditioning
ucts for Testing
7.1 All specimens shall be conditioned for 48 h in an
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather
atmosphere maintained at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6
Test Specimens
4 % relative humidity and tested under the conditions as
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
described in Practice D1610.
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and
Chemical Tests
8. Procedure
8.1 Determine the thickness of the specimen to the nearest
3. Terminology
0.001 in. (0.01 mm) on the long axis between the hole and the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
unsplit end of the specimen.The gage foot shall be adjacent to,
3.1.1 tongue tear strength—the load required to tear the
but shall not overlap, the hole.
leather between two tongues formed by splitting the leather
8.2 Clamponeofthetonguesonthespecimenineachofthe
perpendicular to its surface.
testing grips so that the long axis of the tongue is in the
4. Significance and Use
direction of the motion of the movable grip. The faces of the
4.1 Knowledge of the strength of the sample can be a gripsshallbeapproximately2in.(50.8mm)fromthecommon
determining factor for the end use of the product. base of the tongues (from th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4704 − 00 (Reapproved 2010) D4704 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Tearing Strength, Tongue Tear of Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended for determining the tearing strength of leather by measuring the force required to tear a
specimen cut perpendicular to the surface. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
D1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
D2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 tongue tear strength—the load required to tear the leather between two tongues formed by splitting the leather
perpendicular to its surface.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Knowledge of the strength of the sample can be a determining factor for the end use of the product.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Testing Machine, as described in Test Method D2209.
5.2 Thickness Gage, a dead weight type of thickness gage as described in Test Method D1813.
5.3 Steel Die, to cut test specimens.
6. Sampling and Test Specimens
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, sample the leather according to Practice D2813.
6.2 The specimen shall be a rectangular piece of leather, 1 × 4 in. (25.4 × 101.6 mm) by the full thickness of the unit. It shall
3
have a ⁄16 in. (4.76 mm) hole located on the long axis 1 in. (25.4 mm) from one end and shall be split along its axis from the hole
to the other end to form two tongues. The direction of the long axis of the specimen relative to the backbone shall be noted. See
Fig. 1.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07Physical Properties
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2012. Published November 2010 October 2012. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as D4704 – 00 (2005).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D4704-00R10.10.1520/D4704-12.
2
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volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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