ASTM C1679-13

Standard Practice for Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermal power curves are used to evaluate the isothermal hydration kinetics of the combined mixture of different materials during the early period after being mixed with water. These isothermal power curves, or hydration profiles, may provide indications relative to setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance and early strength development. The isothermal hydration profiles can also be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as curing temperature. Special care must be used in evaluating extended retardation with paste specimens, which have been shown to overestimate the retardation of some mixtures containing cement, SCM, and admixtures.  
5.2 This procedure can be used to measure the effect of chemical admixtures on the cement hydration profile. In many cases, the addition of chemical admixture changes the kinetics of cement hydration.  
5.3 Although this technique has been used historically to understand issues related to setting and slump loss, it must be emphasized that isothermal calorimetry results cannot predict concrete performance definitely, either positively or negatively. Extensive verification in concrete at planned dosages and temperatures, and at higher dosages, is needed. Isothermal calorimetry is an effective tool to identify sensitivities, so that concrete testing can be efficiently planned and performed.  
5.4 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.5 The procedure and apparatus can be used to monitor the thermal power from pastes and mortars alone or in combination with chemical admixtures.  
5.6 The isothermal calorimeter described here can be used to measure the thermal power and heat of hydration of mortars prepared independently or obtained by wet sieving from concrete in accordance with Practice C172.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (See Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.Note 1—Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2013
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.48 - Performance of Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C1679-09 - Standard Practice for Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Replaced By: ASTM C1679-14 - Standard Practice for Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Referred By: ASTM C1709-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C563-20 - Standard Guide for Approximation of Optimum SO<inf>3</inf> in Hydraulic Cement
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1753/C1753M-21a - Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1810/C1810M-22 - Standard Guide for Comparing Performance of Concrete-Making Materials Using Mortar Mixtures
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1702-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1679 − 13
StandardPractice for
Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious
1
Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1679; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydrau-
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
lic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (See Note
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
1), including those containing admixtures, various supplemen-
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
tary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
C778 Specification for Sand
NOTE 1—Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular
calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the
concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials
2.2 Other Standard:
used in concrete mixtures.
API Specification RP 10B-2/ ISO 10426-2 Recommended
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4
Practice for Testing Well Cements
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
practice, refer to Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 baseline, n—the signal from the calorimeter when
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
there is an inert specimen in the instrument.
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
3.2.2 calcium aluminate, n—various aluminate phases in-
cluding but not limited to the tricalcium aluminate and ferrite
2. Referenced Documents
phases in portland cement clinker, calcium aluminate phases
3
occurring in some supplementary cementitious materials, and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
calcium-alumino-silicate glasses also occurring in some
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
supplementary cementitious materials, that are capable of
gregates
consuming the sulfate phases present in hydrating cementitious
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
systems.
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
3.2.3 calibration coeffıcient, n—a factor that relates the
value recorded by the data acquisition system to the thermal
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete
power output.
andConcreteAggregatesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC09.48on
Performance of Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations. 3.2.3.1 Discussion—Normallyrecordeddataareinvoltsand
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013. Published January 2014. Originally
the calibration coefficient has units of watts per volt (W/V).
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1679 – 09. DOI:
Some calorimeters may have internal automatic calibration and
10.1520/C1679-13.
2
will give the output in watts without the user having to specify
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
the calibration coefficient.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
the ASTM website. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://api-ec.api.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1679 − 09 C1679 − 13
Standard Practice for
Measuring Hydration Kinetics of Hydraulic Cementitious
1
Mixtures Using Isothermal Calorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1679; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic
cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (See Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary
cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
NOTE 1—Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular
calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are
often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete
field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C778 Specification for Sand
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
2.2 Other Standard:
4
API Specification RP 10B-2/ ISO 10426-2 Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 baseline, n—the signal from the calorimeter when there is an inert specimen in the instrument.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.48 on
Performance of Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations.
Current edition approved June 15, 2009Dec. 15, 2013. Published July 2009January 2014. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 as
C1679 – 08.C1679 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/C1679-09.10.1520/C1679-13.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://api-ec.api.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1679 − 13
3.2.2 calcium aluminate, n—various aluminate phases including but not limited to the tricalcium aluminate and ferrite phases
in portland cement clinker, calcium aluminate phases occurring in some supplementary cementitious mater
...