ASTM F1046-93(1997)e1

Standard Guide for Preparing Artificially Worn Passenger and Light Truck Tires for Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines the preparation of artificially worn tires by tread rubber removal (cutting or grinding, or both) for subsequent performance testing. The purpose is to permit the preparation of test tires with a uniformly reduced tread groove depth and tread geometry that will yield repeatable test results while avoiding the time-consuming and costly over-the-road natural wearing of tires.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2001
• ICS: 83.160.10 - Road vehicle tyres
• Technical Committee: F09 - Tires
• Drafting Committee: F09.20 - Vehicular Testing

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F1046-01 - Standard Guide for Preparing Artificially Worn Passenger and Light Truck Tires for Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F1649-20 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Wet Braking Traction Performance of Passenger Car Tires on Vehicles Equipped with Anti-Lock Braking Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F1805-20 - Standard Test Method for Single Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight Line on Snow- and Ice-Covered Surfaces
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Referred By: ASTM F1572-21 - Standard Test Methods for Tire Performance Testing on Snow and Ice Surfaces
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: F 1046 – 93 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Guide for
Preparing Artificially Worn Passenger and Light Truck Tires
for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1046; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Footnotes 1,3,4, and 5 were corrected editorially in March 1998.
1. Scope 3.1.4 treadwear indicator, n—a raised portion of a groove
bottom or a void bottom that is molded in a tire at fairly regular
1.1 This guide outlines the preparation of artificially worn
intervals around the circumference to provide a visual indica-
tires by tread rubber removal (cutting or grinding, or both) for
tion that most of a tread has been worn away. (See Terminology
subsequent performance testing. The purpose is to permit the
F 538.)
preparation of test tires with a uniformly reduced tread groove
3.1.5 void, n—a volume (in the tread band) defined by the
depth and tread geometry that will yield repeatable test results
lack of rubber; the depth dimension of this volume may vary
while avoiding the time-consuming and costly over-the-road
from point to point in on the tread band. (See Terminology
natural wearing of tires.
F 538.)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Summary of Guide
only.
4.1 This guide outlines a method for groove depth measure-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment and for reduced groove depth calculation followed by
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
removal of a calculated amount of tread rubber and for final
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surface grinding to obtain a smooth finish. An optional tire
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
break-in period to follow this operation is described. Tech-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
niques for photography and measurements to document the
2. Referenced Documents final tread characteristics are described.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
F 421 Test Method for Measuring Groove and Void Depth
2 5.1 Tires having reduced groove depth are required in some
in Passenger Car Tires
tire tests to determine changes in performance as a tire wears
F 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
2 in service. This guide describes the preparation of artificially
formance of Tires
worn tires. This guide is not meant to replace the development
F 762 Test Method for Determining Change in Groove (or
of worn tires through over-the-road travel when naturally worn
Void) Depth With Distance Traveled for Passenger Car
tires are required. Further refinements of these techniques may
Tires
be made with increased field experience.
3. Terminology 5.2 The amount of tread rubber to be removed (groove
depth reduction) and the final surface texture are selected
3.1 Definitions:
according to the requirements of a particular testing program.
3.1.1 groove, n—a void that is relatively narrow (compared
5.3 The type of test program determines the actual tolerance
to its length). (See Terminology F 538.)
necessary on the final groove depth. For example, snow
3.1.2 groove average depth [L], n—the average of all tire
traction will require very close control of the final groove depth
groove depth measurements in a single groove.
while vehicle handling tests can accommodate a wider toler-
3.1.3 groove (void) depth, [L], n—a measurement of the
ance on the final groove depth.
perpendicular distance from a real or calculated reference plane
defined by edges of two adjacent ribs (lugs) to the lowest point
6. Apparatus
of contact in the groove (void). (See Terminology F 538.)
6.1 Tread Depth Gage, meeting the requirements of Test
Method F 421.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-9 on Tires and is the
6.2 Equipment, for determining tread radius.
direct responsibility of Subcommittee F 09.20 on Vehicular Testing.
6.3 Tire Tread Removal Machine, with accessories to re-
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1993. Published May 1993. Originally
published as F 1046-87. Last previous edition F 1046-87.
move tread rubber in a predetermined manner.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1046
7. Procedure surface. If not, another tire candidate must be prepared.
7.5 Tire Break-In:
7.1 Method Selection— The actual method utilized deter-
7.5.1 A vehicle break-in schedule of sufficient travel dis-
mines the accuracy and uniformity of the final groove depth.
tance may be included to remove the artificial surface texture
With equipment monitoring the tread surface relative to the
left by the finish grinder and simulate, as closely as possible,
axis of wheel rotation, a tolerance of 60.51 mm (60.020 in.)
the surface texture of a naturally worn tire. If it is known that
is obtainable with most existing equipment. For other equip-
tire break-in will have no effect upon the results of some tests,
ment that monitors the tire tread surface or base of the groove,
the break-in requirement may be eliminated.
a tolerance of 62 % groove depth is obtainable.
7.5.1.1 Mark the direction of tire rotation during the
7.2 Groove Depth Measurement:
break-in on the tire.
7.2.1 Mount the tire on a rim approved by the Tire and Rim
,
3 4 5
7.5.1.2 The amount of break-in required depends on the
Association (TERA) or applicable documents for use with
severity of the driving schedule, road texture, and the surface
the test tire and inflate to maximum rated pressure.
texture left by tire grinding.
7.2.2 Inspect the tire to determine that there are no tread
7.5.1.3 After break-in, a tire should have well defined
defects that would affect the finished tire. If such conditions are
(sharp) rib and element edges, and the profile should not have
noted, do not use the tire for this procedure.
been changed significantly by rounding off shoulders.
7.2.3 Measure sufficient tread groove depths at predeter-
7.5.1.4 The tire break-in schedule should stipulate equal
mined distances from the tire centerline to document the
distance for each tire on drive as well as non-drive wheel
original tread depth. Groove measurements are taken at full
positions. Record mileages on each wheel position.
tread depth, that is, avoiding tie bars, treadwear indicators,
...