ASTM D1557-02e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3))
Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup>(2,700 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory compaction methods used to determine the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of soils (compaction curve) compacted in a 4- or 6-in. (101.6 or 152.4 mm) diameter mold with a 10-lbf. (44.5-N) rammer dropped from a height of 18 in. (457 mm) producing a compactive effort of 56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3).
Note 1—Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures should be regarded as natural occurring fine- or coarse-grained soils or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or aggregates such as silt, gravel, or crushed rock.
Note 2—The equipment and procedures are the same as proposed by the U.S. Corps of Engineers in 1945. The modified effort test (see 3.2.2) is sometimes referred to as the Modified Proctor Compaction Test.
1.2 These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that have 30 % or less by mass of their particles retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
Note 3—For relationships between unit weights and water contents of soils with 30 % or less by weight of material retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and water contents of the fraction passing the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, see Practice D 4718.
1.3 Three alternative methods are provided. The method used shall be as indicated in the specification for the material being tested. If no method is specified, the choice should be based on the material gradation.
1.3.1 Method A:
1.3.1.1 Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
1.3.1.2 Material—Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
1.3.1.3 Layers—Five.
1.3.1.4 Blows per layer—25.
1.3.1.5 Use—May be used if 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
1.3.1.6 Other Use—If this method is not specified, materials that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using Methods B or C.
1.3.2 Method B
Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
Material—Passing 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
Layers—Five.
1.3.2.4 Blows per layer—25.
1.3.2.5 Use—Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
1.3.2.6 Other Use—If this method is not specified, materials that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using Method C.
1.3.3 Method C
1.3.3.1 Mold—6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.
1.3.3.2 Material—Passing 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
1.3.3.3 Layers—Five.
1.3.3.4 Blows per layer—56.
1.3.3.5 Use—Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.53-mm) sieve and less than 30 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
1.3.4 The 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter mold shall not be used with Method A or B.
Note 4—Results have been found to vary slightly when a material is tested at the same compactive effort in different size molds.
1.4 If the test specimen contains more than 5 % by mass of oversize fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be included in the test, corrections must be made to the unit weight and water content of the test specimen or to the appropriate field in place density test specimen using Practice D 4718.
1.5 This test method will generally produce well defined maximum dry unit weight for non-free draining soils. If this test method is used for free draining soils the maximum unit weight may not be well defined, and can be less than obtained using Test Methods D 4253.
1.6 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in SI units are provided for information only.
1.6.1 In the engineering profession it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force, unless dynamic calculations (F = Ma) are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate systems within a single ...
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Designation: D 1557 – 02
Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using
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Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700 kN-m/m ))
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—Paragraph 10.4.3 was corrected editorially in November 2003.
1. Scope* 1.3.1.5 Use—May be used if 20 % or less by mass of the
material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory compaction meth-
1.3.1.6 Other Use—Ifthismethodisnotspecified,materials
ods used to determine the relationship between water content
that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using
and dry unit weight of soils (compaction curve) compacted in
Methods B or C.
a 4- or 6-in. (101.6 or 152.4 mm) diameter mold with a 10-lbf.
1.3.2 Method B:
(44.5-N) rammer dropped from a height of 18 in. (457 mm)
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1.3.2.1 Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
producing a compactive effort of 56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
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1.3.2.2 Material—Passing ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
kN-m/m ).
1.3.2.3 Layers—Five.
NOTE 1—Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures should be regarded as
1.3.2.4 Blows per layer—25.
natural occurring fine- or coarse-grained soils or composites or mixtures
1.3.2.5 Use—Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of
of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or aggregates
the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and 20 %
such as silt, gravel, or crushed rock.
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or less by mass of the material is retained on the ⁄8-in.
NOTE 2—The equipment and procedures are the same as proposed by
(9.5-mm) sieve.
the U.S. Corps of Engineers in 1945. The modified effort test (see 3.2.2)
is sometimes referred to as the Modified Proctor Compaction Test.
1.3.2.6 Other Use—Ifthismethodisnotspecified,materials
that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using
1.2 These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that
Method C.
have 30 % or less by mass of their particles retained on the
3 1.3.3 Method C:
⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
1.3.3.1 Mold—6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.
NOTE 3—For relationships between unit weights and water contents of
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1.3.3.2 Material—Passing ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
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soils with 30 % or less by weight of material retained on the ⁄4-in.
1.3.3.3 Layers—Five.
(19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and water contents of the fraction passing
1.3.3.4 Blows per layer—56.
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the ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, see Practice D 4718.
1.3.3.5 Use—Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of
1.3 Three alternative methods are provided. The method
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the material is retained on the ⁄8-in. (9.53-mm) sieve and less
used shall be as indicated in the specification for the material
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than 30 % by mass of the material is retained on the ⁄4-in.
being tested. If no method is specified, the choice should be
(19.0-mm) sieve.
based on the material gradation.
1.3.4 The 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter mold shall not be used
1.3.1 Method A:
with Method A or B.
1.3.1.1 Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
NOTE 4—Results have been found to vary slightly when a material is
1.3.1.2 Material—Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
tested at the same compactive effort in different size molds.
1.3.1.3 Layers—Five.
1.3.1.4 Blows per layer—25. 1.4 If the test specimen contains more than 5 % by mass of
oversize fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be
included in the test, corrections must be made to the unit
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This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
weight and water content of the test specimen or to the
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Plasticity
appropriate field in place density test specimen using Practice
and Density Characteristics of Soils.
Current edition approved Nov. 13, 2003. Published January 2003. Originally D 4718.
published as D 1557 – 58. Last previous edition D 1557 – 00.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1557–02
1.5 This test method will generally produce well defined D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density of Soils
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maximum dry unit weight for non-free draining soils. If this Using a Vibratory Table
test method is used for free draining soils the maximum unit D 4718 Practice for Correction of Unit Weight and Water
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weight may not be well defined, and can be less than obtained Co
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