ASTM D4354-99(2009)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
Standard Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a means by which samples of geosynthetics may be selected to provide a statistically valid sample for the selection of test specimens without previous knowledge of the variability that may exist between production units.
The principles stated in Practice D 4271, and the illustrative text in that practice can be used by test method authors in preparing sampling statements.
This practice gives three procedures for sampling: one for manufacturer's quality control (MQC), one for manufacturer's quality assurance (MQA) testing, and a third for purchaser's specification conformance testing. For this reason, test methods containing a section on sampling that requires the use of this practice should contain a statement in the section on reporting similar to the following:“ Report which procedure from Practice D 4354 was used for sampling: Procedure A for Manufacturer's Quality Control (MQC), Procedure B for Manufacturer's Quality Assurance (MQA) Testing, or Procedure C for Purchaser's Specification Conformance Testing.
Manufacturer's Quality Assurance is done internally to ensure the manufacturer of the MQC program. When it is required to provide certification to a purchaser as to quality assurance, the MQA testing is to be done by an external MQA testing facility.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers three procedures for the sampling of geosynthetics for testing. This practice requires that instructions on taking laboratory samples and test specimens be part of every test method for geosynthetics.
1.1.1 The first procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer's quality control (MQC) (Table 1).
1.1.2 The second procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer's quality assurance (MQA) testing during the manufacturing process. This requires that backup statistical process control records be maintained during the manufacturing process (Table 2).
1.1.3 The third procedure describes the division of shipments of geosynthetics into lots and the determination of lot sample size for purchaser's specification conformance testing (Table 3).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TABLE 1 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—Purchaser's Specification Conformance Number of Units in LotNumber of Units Selected 1 to 2 1 3 to 8 2 9 to 273 28 to 644 65 to 1255 126 to 2166 217 to 3437 344 to 5128 513 to 7299 730 to 100010 1001 or more11
TABLE 2 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—Manufacturer's Quality Assurance Number of Units in LotNumber of Units Selected 1 to 2001 201 to 5002 501 to 10003 1001 or more4
TABLE 3 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—Purchaser's Specification Conformance Number of Units in LotNumber of Units Selected 1 to 2001 201 to 5002 501 to 10003 1001 or more4
General Information
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Designation: D4354 – 99 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
1. Scope
Purchaser’s Specification Conformance
1.1 This practice covers three procedures for the sampling
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
of geosynthetics for testing. This practice requires that instruc-
1to2 1
tions on taking laboratory samples and test specimens be part
3to8 2
of every test method for geosynthetics.
9to27 3
1.1.1 The first procedure describes the sampling of produc- 28 to 64 4
65 to 125 5
tion units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality control
126 to 216 6
(MQC) (Table 1).
217 to 343 7
344 to 512 8
1.1.2 The second procedure describes the sampling of
513 to 729 9
production units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality
730 to 1000 10
assurance (MQA) testing during the manufacturing process.
1001 or more 11
This requires that backup statistical process control records be
maintained during the manufacturing process (Table 2).
1.1.3 The third procedure describes the division of ship-
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
ments of geosynthetics into lots and the determination of lot
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
sample size for purchaser’s specification conformance testing
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
(Table 3).
man-made project, structure, or system.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 lot, n—a unit of production, or a group of other units
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
or packages, taken for sampling or statistical examination,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
having one or more common properties and being readily
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
separable from other similar units.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 quality assurance, n—all those planned or systematic
actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a mate-
2. Referenced Documents
rial, product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 quality control, n—the operational techniques and the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
activities which sustain a quality of material, product, system,
D4271 Practice for Writing Statements on Sampling in Test
Methods for Textiles
TABLE 2 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance
3. Terminology
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
3.1 Definitions: 1to200 1
201 to 500 2
501 to 1000 3
1 1001 or more 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical
Properties.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally
TABLE 3 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4354 – 99(2004).
Purchaser’s Specification Conformance
DOI: 10.1520/D4354-99R09.
2 Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1to200 1
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
201 to 500 2
the ASTM website. 501 to 1000 3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced 1001 or more 4
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4354 – 99 (2009)
or service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of such 3.1.11.1 Discussion—A test result is the value reported for
techniques and activities. a single subunit of the laboratory sample. For different test
3.1.5 sample, n—(1) a portion of material which is taken for methods a test result might be (1) the value of a single
testing or for record purposes. (See also sample, lot; sample, observation (such as a measurement of a property, a count of
laboratory;and specimen.)(2)agroupofspecimensused,orof defects, or a grading or rating) on a single specimen from a
observationsmade,whichprovideinformationthatcanbeused single subunit of the laboratory sample; (2) the average or
for making statistical inferences about the population(s) from some other function of the values for single observations on
which the specimens are drawn. each of n specimens from a single subunit of the laboratory
3.1.6 sample, laboratory, n—a portion of material taken to sample; or (3) a ratio of successes to total observations for n
represent the lot sample, or the original material, and used in specimens from a single subunit of the laboratory sample.
the laboratory as a source of test specimens.
3.1.12 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
3.1.7 sample, lot, n—one or more shipping units taken at
practice, refer to Terminology D123.
random to represent an acceptance sampling lot and used as a
3.1.13 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms used in
source of laboratory samples.
this practice, refer to Terminology D4439.
3.1.8 sampling unit, n—an identifiable, discrete unit or
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
subunit of material that could be taken as part of a sample.
3.2.1 production unit—as referred to in this practice,isa
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Fig. 1 is included to show the differ-
quantity of geosynthetic agreed upon by the purchaser and
ence between lot sample, laboratory sample and test specimen.
seller for the purpose of sampling.
3.1.9 sampling unit, primary, n—the sampling unit contain-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In the absence of an agreed upon
ing all the sources of variability which should be considered in
2 2
quantity, 1000 m (1200 yd ) is recommended. For example, a
acceptance testing; the sampling unit taken in first stage of
production run may be 6000 m . For the purpose of sampling,
selection in any procedure for sampling a lot or shipment.
if 1000 m criteria is used, this would be 6 production units.
3.1.9.1 Discussion—For textiles, the primary sampling
3.2.1.2 Discussion—For the purpose of this practice, the
units are generally taken as the shipping units making up a lot;
purchaserisconsideredtobetheprojectowner,whiletheseller
such as bales of fiber, cases of yarn, rolls of fabric, or cartons
is the entity supplying the geosynthetic to the project owner.
of garments or other finished products. Adequate sampling for
acceptance testing requires taking into account not only the
4. Summary of Practice
variability between primary sampling units but also the vari-
ability between su
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4354–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: D 4354 – 99 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers three procedures for the sampling of geosynthetics for testing. This practice requires that instructions
on taking laboratory samples and test specimens be part of every test method for geosynthetics.
1.1.1 The first procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality control (MQC)
(Table 1).
1.1.2 The second procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality assurance
(MQA)testingduringthemanufacturingprocess.Thisrequiresthatbackupstatisticalprocesscontrolrecordsbemaintainedduring
the manufacturing process (Table 2).
1.1.3 The third procedure describes the division of shipments of geosynthetics into lots and the determination of lot sample size
for purchaser’s specification conformance testing (Table 3).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 4271 Practice for Writing Statements on Sampling in Test Methods for Textiles
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
3.1.2 lot, n—a unit of production, or a group of other units or packages, taken for sampling or statistical examination, having
one or more common properties and being readily separable from other similar units.
3.1.3 quality assurance, n—all those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a material,
product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.
3.1.4 quality control, n—the operational techniques and the activities which sustain a quality of material, product, system, or
service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of such techniques and activities.
3.1.5 sample, n—(1) a portion of material which is taken for testing or for record purposes. (See also sample, lot; sample,
laboratory; and specimen.) (2) a group of specimens used, or of observations made, which provide information that can be used
for making statistical inferences about the population(s) from which the specimens are drawn.
3.1.6 sample, laboratory, n—a portion of material taken to represent the lot sample, or the original material, and used in the
laboratory as a source of test specimens.
3.1.7 sample, lot, n—one or more shipping units taken at random to represent an acceptance sampling lot and used as a source
of laboratory samples.
3.1.8 sampling unit, n—an identifiable, discrete unit or subunit of material that could be taken as part of a sample.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Fig. 1 is included to show the difference between lot sample, laboratory sample and test specimen.
3.1.9 sampling unit, primary, n—the sampling unit containing all the sources of variability which should be considered in
acceptance testing; the sampling unit taken in first stage of selection in any procedure for sampling a lot or shipment.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4354–99.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 4354 – 99(2004).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4354 – 99 (2009)
TABLE 1 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
Purchaser’s Specification Conformance
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
1to2 1
3to8 2
9to27 3
28 to 64 4
65 to 125 5
126 to 216 6
217 to 343 7
344 to 512 8
513 to 729 9
730 to 1000 10
1001 or more 11
TABLE 2 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
1to200 1
201 to 500 2
501 to 1000 3
1001 or more 4
TABLE 3 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
Purchaser’s Specification Conformance
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
1to200 1
201 to 500 2
501 to 1000 3
1001 or more 4
FIG. 1 Sampling Unit
3.1.9.1 Discussion—For textiles, the primary sampling units are generally taken as the shipping units making up a lot; such as
bales of fiber, cases of yarn, rolls of fabric, or cartons of garments or other finished products. Adequate sampling for acceptance
testing requires taking into account not only the variability between primary sampling units but also the variability between
subunits within primary sampling units and between specimens from a single subunit in a primary sampling unit.
3.1.10 specimen, n—a specific portion of a material or laboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which is taken for
that purpose. (Syn. test specimen.)
3.1.11 test result, n—a value obtained by applying a given test method, expressed either as a single observation or a specified
combination of a number of observations.
D 4354 – 99 (2009)
3.1.11.1 Discussion—Atest result is the value reported for a single subunit of the laboratory sample. For different test methods
a test result might be (1) the value of a single observation (such as a measurement of a property, a count of defects, or a grading
or rating) on a single specimen from a single subunit of the laboratory sample; ( 2) the average or some other function of the values
for single observations on each of n specimens from a single subunit of the laboratory sample; or (3) a ratio of successes to total
observations for n specimens from a single subunit of the laboratory sample.
3.1.12 For definitions of other textile terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D 123.
3.1.13 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms used in th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4354–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: D 4354 – 99 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers three procedures for the sampling of geosynthetics for testing. This practice requires that instructions
on taking laboratory samples and test specimens be part of every test method for geosynthetics.
1.1.1 The first procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality control (MQC)
(Table 1).
1.1.2 The second procedure describes the sampling of production units for the purpose of manufacturer’s quality assurance
(MQA)testingduringthemanufacturingprocess.Thisrequiresthatbackupstatisticalprocesscontrolrecordsbemaintainedduring
the manufacturing process (Table 2).
1.1.3 The third procedure describes the division of shipments of geosynthetics into lots and the determination of lot sample size
for purchaser’s specification conformance testing (Table 3).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 4271 Practice for Writing Statements on Sampling in Test Methods for Textiles
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
3.1.2 lot, n—a unit of production, or a group of other units or packages, taken for sampling or statistical examination, having
one or more common properties and being readily separable from other similar units.
3.1.3 quality assurance, n—all those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a material,
product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.
3.1.4 quality control, n—the operational techniques and the activities which sustain a quality of material, product, system, or
service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of such techniques and activities.
3.1.5 sample, n—(1) a portion of material which is taken for testing or for record purposes. (See also sample, lot; sample,
laboratory; and specimen.) (2) a group of specimens used, or of observations made, which provide information that can be used
for making statistical inferences about the population(s) from which the specimens are drawn.
3.1.6 sample, laboratory, n—a portion of material taken to represent the lot sample, or the original material, and used in the
laboratory as a source of test specimens.
3.1.7 sample, lot, n—one or more shipping units taken at random to represent an acceptance sampling lot and used as a source
of laboratory samples.
3.1.8 sampling unit, n—an identifiable, discrete unit or subunit of material that could be taken as part of a sample.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Fig. 1 is included to show the difference between lot sample, laboratory sample and test specimen.
3.1.9 sampling unit, primary, n—the sampling unit containing all the sources of variability which should be considered in
acceptance testing; the sampling unit taken in first stage of selection in any procedure for sampling a lot or shipment.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4354–99.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 4354 – 99(2004).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4354 – 99 (2009)
TABLE 1 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
Purchaser’s Specification Conformance
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
1to2 1
3to8 2
9to27 3
28 to 64 4
65 to 125 5
126 to 216 6
217 to 343 7
344 to 512 8
513 to 729 9
730 to 1000 10
1001 or more 11
TABLE 2 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
1to200 1
201 to 500 2
501 to 1000 3
1001 or more 4
TABLE 3 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot Sample—
Purchaser’s Specification Conformance
Number of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected
1to200 1
201 to 500 2
501 to 1000 3
1001 or more 4
FIG. 1 Sampling Unit
3.1.9.1 Discussion—For textiles, the primary sampling units are generally taken as the shipping units making up a lot; such as
bales of fiber, cases of yarn, rolls of fabric, or cartons of garments or other finished products. Adequate sampling for acceptance
testing requires taking into account not only the variability between primary sampling units but also the variability between
subunits within primary sampling units and between specimens from a single subunit in a primary sampling unit.
3.1.10 specimen, n—a specific portion of a material or laboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which is taken for
that purpose. (Syn. test specimen.)
3.1.11 test result, n—a value obtained by applying a given test method, expressed either as a single observation or a specified
combination of a number of observations.
D 4354 – 99 (2009)
3.1.11.1 Discussion—Atest result is the value reported for a single subunit of the laboratory sample. For different test methods
a test result might be (1) the value of a single observation (such as a measurement of a property, a count of defects, or a grading
or rating) on a single specimen from a single subunit of the laboratory sample; (2) the average or some other function of the values
for single observations on each of n specimens from a single subunit of the laboratory sample; or (3) a ratio of successes to total
observations for n specimens from a single subunit of the laboratory sample.
3.1.12 For definitions of other textile terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D 123.
3.1.13 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms used in th
...
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