ASTM D4014-03(2012)

Standard Specification for Plain and Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearings for Bridges

ABSTRACT
This specification covers bearings, which consist of all elastomer or of alternate laminates of elastomer and steel, when the function of the bearings is to transfer loads or accommodate relative movement between a bridge superstructure and its supporting structure, or both. The bearings are furnished in four types as follows: plain elastomeric bearing pad; plain elastomeric sandwich bearing; steel-laminated elastomeric bearing; and steel-laminated elastomeric bearing with external load plate. The elastomer for the manufacture of the bearing is furnished in two types: Type CR and Type NR. The elastomer for the manufacture of the bearing is furnished in four grades of low-temperature properties: Grade 0; Grade 2; Grade 3; and Grade 5. The elastomeric compound used in the construction of a bearing shall contain only either natural rubber or chloroprene rubber as the raw polymer. Internal steel laminates shall be of rolled mild steel. Plain bearing pads shall be molded individually, or cut from previously molded strips or slabs, or extruded and cut to length. A steel-laminated bearing or a plain sandwich bearing shall be molded as a single unit under pressure and heat. All bonding of elastomer to steel laminates and to external load plates shall be carried out during molding. Bearing compression tests, compression stiffness, visual inspection, quality control properties, shear modulus, ozone resistance, and low-temperature grade tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers bearings, which consist of all elastomer or of alternate laminates of elastomer and steel, when the function of the bearings is to transfer loads or accommodate relative movement between a bridge superstructure and its supporting structure, or both.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 1—The words “elastomer” or “elastomeric” will be used interchangeably with the word “rubber” in this specification.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section B, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2012
• ICS: 93.040 - Bridge construction
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.32 - Bridges and Structures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4014-03(2007) - Standard Specification for Plain and Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearings for Bridges
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM D4014-03(2018) - Standard Specification for Plain and Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearings for Bridges
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4014 −03 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Plain and Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearings for
1
Bridges
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1149TestMethodsforRubberDeterioration—Crackingin
an Ozone Controlled Environment
1.1 This specification covers bearings, which consist of all
D1415Test Method for Rubber Property—International
elastomer or of alternate laminates of elastomer and steel,
Hardness
when the function of the bearings is to transfer loads or
D1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber Latices—
accommodate relative movement between a bridge superstruc-
Nomenclature
ture and its supporting structure, or both.
D2000Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
motive Applications
standard.
D2137TestMethodsforRubberProperty—BrittlenessPoint
of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
NOTE 1—The words “elastomer” or “elastomeric” will be used inter-
changeably with the word “rubber” in this specification.
D2240TestMethodforRubberProperty—DurometerHard-
ness
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
D3183Practice for Rubber—Preparation of Pieces for Test
test methods portion, Section B, of this specification: This
Purposes from Products
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3. Terminology
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 design load—the mean compressive stress applied to
2. Referenced Documents
the area of the steel laminate.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 external load plate—a steel plate bonded to the top or
A36/A36MSpecification for Carbon Structural Steel
bottom elastomeric surface of a bearing, or both.
D395Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
3.1.3 lot—unless otherwise specified in the contract or
D412TestMethodsforVulcanizedRubberandThermoplas-
purchaseorder,alotshallconsistofasingletypeofbearing,of
tic Elastomers—Tension
the same design and material, submitted for inspection at the
D518 Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface
same time.
3
Cracking (Withdrawn 2007)
3.1.4 plainelastomericbearingpad—abearingthatconsists
D573Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
only of elastomeric material.
Oven
D832Practice for Rubber Conditioning For Low Tempera- 3.1.5 plain elastomeric sandwich bearing—a bearing that
consistsofasinglelayerofelastomericmaterialbondedtoone
ture Testing
or two external load plates (3.1.2).
3.1.6 steel-laminated elastomeric bearing—a bearing
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road
molded of elastomeric material with one or more steel lami-
and Paving Materialsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 on
nates embedded in and bonded to it, and to which one or two
Bridges and Structures.
Current edition approved July 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally external load plates (3.1.2) may be bonded.
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4014–03(2007).
DOI: 10.1520/D4014-03R12.
4. Classification
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 The bearings are furnished in four types as follows:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.1.1 Plain Elastomeric Bearing Pad.
the ASTM website.
3
4.1.2 Plain Elastomeric Sandwich Bearing.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. 4.1.3 Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearing.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4014−03 (2012)
4.1.4 Steel-Laminated Elastomeric Bearing with External 4.3 The elastomer for the manufacture of the bearing is
Load Plate(s). furnished in four grades of low-temperature properties. The
grades and typical operating temperature conditions for each
NOTE2—Examplesofthetypesofelastomericbearingconstructionare
grade are as follows:
given in Fig. 1.
NOTE3—Theadjectiveelastomericisomittedinthisspecificationwhen 4.3.1 Grade 0—Suitable for continuous use down to+5°C.
referring to bearing types.
4.3.2 Grade 2—Sub-zero temperatures occur at night and
4.2 The elastomer for the manufactur
...