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ASTM D6158-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils

Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for mineral oils used in hydraulic systems which require refined base oil (Class HH), refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL) or refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus antiwear characteristics (Class HM). This specification only covers lubricating oils before they are installed in the hydraulic system and does not include all hydraulic oils. Requirements for the mineral oils shall include, but not limited to, viscosity, specific gravity, appearance, flash point, chemical acid number, corrosion, water separation, elastomer compatibility, air release, and thermal stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral oils used in hydraulic systems, where the performance requirements demand fluids with one of the following characteristics:
1.1.1 A refined base oil (Class HH),
1.1.2 A refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL), and
1.1.3 A refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus antiwear characteristics (Class HM).
1.2 This specification defines the requirements of mineral oil-based hydraulic fluids that are compatible with most existing machinery components when there is adequate maintenance.
1.3 This specification defines only new lubricating oils before they are installed in the hydraulic system.
1.4 This specification defines specific types of hydraulic oils. It does not include all hydraulic oils. Some oils that are not included may be satisfactory for certain hydraulic applications. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit or require a wider or narrower range of characteristics than those described herein.
The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test methods referenced in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2005
ICS
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.N0 - Hydraulic Fluids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6158-99 - Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D6158-10 - Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7752-18 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Hydraulic Fluids
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
Effective Date
01-Jun-2005

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ASTM D6158-05 - Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6158 – 05
Standard Specification for
1
Mineral Hydraulic Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-
1.1 This specification covers mineral oils used in hydraulic
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test
systems, where the performance requirements demand fluids
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
with one of the following characteristics:
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.1.1 A refined base oil (Class HH),
ity)
1.1.2 A refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
inhibitors (Class HL), and
D664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
1.1.3 A refined mineral base oil with rust and oxidation
by Potentiometric Titration
inhibitors plus antiwear characteristics (Class HM).
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
1.2 This specification defines the requirements of mineral
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
oil-based hydraulic fluids that are compatible with most
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
existing machinery components when there is adequate main-
ing Oils
tenance.
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-
1.3 This specification defines only new lubricating oils
ited Mineral Oils
before they are installed in the hydraulic system.
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
1.4 This specification defines specific types of hydraulic
Indicator Titration
oils.Itdoesnotincludeallhydraulicoils.Someoilsthatarenot
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
included may be satisfactory for certain hydraulic applications.
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit or require
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
a wider or narrower range of characteristics than those de-
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum
scribed herein.
Oils and Synthetic Fluids
1.5 The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test
D2070 Test Method forThermal Stability of Hydraulic Oils
methods referenced in this specification. This standard does
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
cosity System
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior
D2619 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of Hydraulic
to use.
Fluids (Beverage Bottle Method)
2. Referenced Documents
D2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of
2
Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3427 TestMethodforAirReleasePropertiesofPetroleum
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Oils
Open Cup Tester
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
D6080 PracticeforDefiningtheViscosityCharacteristicsof
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2005.PublishedJuly2005.Originallyapproved
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D6158–99. DOI: 10.1520/
Hydraulic Fluids
D6158-05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6158 – 05
D7043 Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics of 4. Classification Requirements
Non-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in a Con-
4.1 Type HH—The requirements for this type of oil are
stant Volume Vane Pump
presented in Table 1 and include Viscosity Grades ISO VG
from 10 to 150, in accordance with Classification D2422.
3. Classification
4.2 Type HL—The requirements for this type of oil ar
...

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5.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135 °C. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
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5.1 This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides information to assist in planning a laboratory test or series of tests from which may be inferred information about the biodegradability of an unused fully formulated hydraulic fluid in its original form. Biodegradability is one of three characteristics which are assessed when judging the environmental impact of a hydraulic fluid. The other two characteristics are ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation.  
1.2 Biodegradability may be considered by type of environmental compartment: aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Test methods for aerobic fresh water, aerobic soil and anaerobic media have been developed that are appropriate for the concerns and needs of testing in each compartment.  
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5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content.  
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SCOPE
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1.1 This test method covers the fluidity and appearance of hydraulic fluids after storage at low temperature.  
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1.2.1 Exception—In 6.1.1, the material is designated in cSt as this is the common name used for this type of oil.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
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ASTM D3700-21(Practice)
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5.1 This practice allows the collection of a representative sample of LPG that may contain trace volatile dissolved components such as methane, ethane, and nitrogen. Sampling by Practice D1265 can result in a small, but predictable, loss of these lighter components. Practice D1265 is suitable for collecting samples for routine specification testing, as the small loss of light components is not significant under Specification D1835 specification requirements. Practice D3700 is recommended whenever highly accurate determination of light components is required. For example, compositions determined on samples collected according to Practice D3700 may be used to establish the product value of NGL mixtures (see Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the equipment and procedures for obtaining a representative sample of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), such as specified in ASTM Specification D1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards. It may also be used for other natural gas liquid (NGL) products that are normally single phase (for example, NGL mix, field butane, and so forth), defined in other industry specifications or contractual agreements, and for volatile (higher vapor pressure) crude oils.
Note 1: Some floating piston cylinders have such tight piston seals that the vapor pressure of some high vapor pressure crude oils may not be sufficient to allow sampling without a handle to move the piston. An alternative sampling practice for UN Class 3 liquids (under 300 kPa at 52 °C) is Practice D8009, which utilizes a Manual Piston Cylinder (MPC) sampler.  
1.2 This practice is not intended for non-specification products that contain significant quantities of undissolved gases (N2, CO2), free water or other separated phases, such as raw or unprocessed gas/liquids mixtures and related materials. The same equipment can be used for these purposes, but additional precautions are generally needed to obtain representative samples of multi-phase products (see Appendix X1).  
1.3 This practice includes recommendations for the location of a sample point in a line or vessel. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the sampling point is located so as to obtain a representative sample.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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Standard Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics of Non-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in a Constant Volume Vane Pump

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5.1 This test method is an indicator of the wear characteristics of non-petroleum and petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a constant volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps could lead to malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a constant volume vane pump test procedure operated at 1200 r/min and 13.8 MPa.  
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