ASTM A982/A982M-10(2015)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils
Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils
ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel forgings for compressor and turbine bucket, blade, and airfoil applications. The stainless steel shall be made by the melting process and either the closed impression die or the open die forging processes may be utilized. Two complete heat treatments, consisting of an austenize, quench, and temper, are permitted. When heat treatment for mechanical properties is followed by straightening, a stress-relieving heat treatment is required. The forgings shall be subjected to tension, impact, hardness, and non-destructive tests. All forgings shall be free of cracks, seams, laps, shrinkage, and similar discontinuities.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel forgings for compressor and turbine bucket, blade, and airfoil applications.
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
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Designation: A982/A982M −10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine
Airfoils
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA982/A982M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. General Requirements
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel forgings for
4.1 Materials supplied to this specification shall conform to
compressor and turbine bucket, blade, and airfoil applications.
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
marking, certification, product analysis variations and addi-
specifies the applicable M designation (SI units), the inch-
tional supplementary requirements.
pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound
units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.
4.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
ing values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
5. Manufacture
with the standard.
5.1 MeltingProcess—AllmeltingprocessesofSpecification
2. Referenced Documents
A788/A788M are permitted unless Supplementary Require-
ment S1 is invoked by the purchaser.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of
5.2 Forging Process—Either the closed impression die or
Steel Forgings
the open die forging processes may be utilized unless the
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
purchaser specifies one or the other.
quirements
5.2.1 Forging Temperature—The maximum part tempera-
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
ture during forging shall be 2150°F [1175°C].
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch
5.3 HeatTreatment—Heattreatingallforgingsisrequiredin
Tension Tests of Materials
accordance with Table 1 to develop the required mechanical
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
properties.
Blooms, and Forgings
E562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by 5.3.1 Number of Heat Treatments—Two complete heat
Systematic Manual Point Count treatments, consisting of an austenitize, quench, and temper,
are permitted. Purchaser approval is required prior to any
3. Ordering Information
additional heat treatments.
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
5.3.2 Temperature Variation—Heat treating temperatures
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include a
shall be controlled in the range of 625°F [614°C].
sketchorwrittendescriptionoftheforgingwiththeinquiryand
5.4 Stress Relief—When heat treatment for mechanical
order.
properties is followed by straightening, a stress-relieving heat
treatmentisrequiredatatemperaturemeetingtherequirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
of Table 1.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. 5.4.1 QuenchingafterStressRelief—Water or oil quenching
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally
of stress-relieved forgings is prohibited.
published in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A982/A982M – 10.
DOI: 10.1520/A0982_A0982M-10R15.
6. Chemical Composition
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Thesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. composition prescribed in Table 2.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A982/A982M − 10 (2015)
TABLE 1 Heat Treatment, °F [°C]
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
Classes1&2 Class1 Class1 Class2 Classes1&2 Class1 Class2 Class1
Austenitizing 1725-1775 1600-1750 1825-1875 1725-1875 1875-1925 2075-2125 1725-1775 1875-1925
[940-970] [870-955] [995-1025] [940-1025] [1025-1050] [1135-1165] [940-970] [1025-1050]
Quenching Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid
Single tempering 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1150 min 1250 min 1100 min .
[565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [620 min] [675 min] [595 min]
Double tempering . . . . . . 1025 min 1025 min . . . .
[550 min] [550 min]
Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135-1165
[615-630]
Stress Relieving 1025 min 1025 min 1000 min 1000 min 1100 min 1200 min 1050 min 1100 min
[550 min] [550 min] [540 min] [540 min] [595 min] [650 min] [565 min] [595 min]
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
Composition %
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
UNS Designation S41000 S41005 S41428 S42225 S41041 S17400
Carbon 0.15 max 0.10-0.15 0.10-0.17 0.20-0.25 0.13-0.18 0.07 max
Manganese 1.0 max 0.25-0.80 0.65-1.05 0.5-1.0 0.4-0.6 1.0 max
Phosphorus, max 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.030 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.030 0.030
Silicon 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.10-0.35 0.20-0.50 0.5 max 1.0 max
Nickel 0.75 max 0.75 max 2.25-3.25 0.5-1.0 0.5 max 3.0-5.0
Chromium 11.5-13.0 11.5-13.0 11.25-12.75 11.0-12.5 11.5-13.0 15.0-17.5
Molybdenum 0.5 max 0.5 max 1.5-2.0 0.9-1.25 0.20 max . . .
Vanadium . . . Report only 0.25-0.40 0.20-0.30 . . . . . .
Tungsten . . . 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.9-1.25 . . . . . .
Nitrogen . . . 0.08 max 0.020-0.045 Report only . . . . . .
Aluminum . . . 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.05 max . . .
Columbium . . . 0.20 max . . . 0.05 max 0.15-0.45 0.15-0.45
Cobalt . . . . . . . . . 0.20 max . . . . . .
Titanium . . . 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.025 max . . . . . .
Copper . . . 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max . . . 3.0-5.0
Tin . . . 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.02 max . . . . . .
7. Mechanical Properties 7.1.1.2 Continuous Heat Treating Furnaces—Test forgings
shall be taken from each of the first and last push or tray to exit
7.1 Tension, Impact, and Hardness Tests—All testing shall
the furnace. Additional forgings shall be taken so that the
be performed after heat treatment and stress relief, as appli-
maximum time between samples is 4 h.
cable. The test specimens shall meet the requirements of Table
3. 7.1.1.3 Test Locations—One tension test specimen and one
7.1.1 Number of Tests—A minimum of two forgings from set of three impact test specimens shall be machined from the
each lot shall be randomly selected for longitudinal tensile,
center portion of the air foil vane section.
impact, and hardness testing. Hardness values of the tension
7.1.2 Forging Hardness Testing:
test specimen shall be reported with the tensile data.
7.1.2.1 Batch Type Furnaces—A minimum of 10 % of the
7.1.1.1 Lot Size—A lot shall consist of all forgings
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A982/A982M − 10 A982/A982M − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine
Airfoils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A982/A982M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel forgings for compressor and turbine bucket, blade, and airfoil applications.
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
3. Ordering Information
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include a sketch or
written description of the forging with the inquiry and order.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Materials supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines
additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,
product analysis variations and additional supplementary requirements.
4.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
5. Manufacture
5.1 Melting Process—All melting processes of Specification A788/A788M are permitted unless Supplementary Requirement S1
is invoked by the purchaser.
5.2 Forging Process—Either the closed impression die or the open die forging processes may be utilized unless the purchaser
specifies one or the other.
5.2.1 Forging Temperature—The maximum part temperature during forging shall be 2150°F [1175°C].
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010March 1, 2015. Published December 2010March 2015. Originally published in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
A982/A982M – 05 (2010).A982/A982M – 10. DOI: 10.1520/A0982_A0982M-10.10.1520/A0982_A0982M-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A982/A982M − 10 (2015)
5.3 Heat Treatment—Heat treating all forgings is required in accordance with Table 1 to develop the required mechanical
properties.
5.3.1 Number of Heat Treatments—Two complete heat treatments, consisting of an austenitize, quench, and temper, are
permitted. Purchaser approval is required prior to any additional heat treatments.
5.3.2 Temperature Variation—Heat treating temperatures shall be controlled in the range of 625°F [614°C].
5.4 Stress Relief—When heat treatment for mechanical properties is followed by straightening, a stress-relieving heat treatment
is required at a temperature meeting the requirements of Table 1.
5.4.1 Quenching after Stress Relief—Water or oil quenching of stress-relieved forgings is prohibited.
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 Tension, Impact, and Hardness Tests—All testing shall be performed after heat treatment and stress relief, as applicable. The
test specimens shall meet the requirements of Table 3.
7.1.1 Number of Tests—A minimum of two forgings from each lot shall be randomly selected for longitudinal tensile, impact,
and hardness testing. Hardness values of the tension test specimen shall be reported with the tensile data.
7.1.1.1 Lot Size—A lot shall consist of all forgings of the same size from one electric furnace heat of steel and heat treated either
in the same charge in either a batch furnace or a continuous type furnace.
7.1.1.2 Continuous Heat Treating Furnaces—Test forgings shall be taken from each of the first and last push or tray to exit the
furnace. Additional forgings shall be taken so that the maximum time between samples is 4 h.
7.1.1.3 Test Locations—One tension test specimen and one set of three impact test specimens shall be machined from the center
portion of the air foil vane section.
7.1.2 Forging Hardness Testing:
7.1.2.1 Batch Type Furnaces—A minimum of 10 % of the forgings in each lot shall be hardness tested.
7.1.2.2 Continuous Type Furnaces—Samples for hardness testing shall be taken from every other tray or push.
8. Nondestructive Examination
8.1 General Requirements—All forgings shall be free of cracks, seams, laps, shrinkage, and similar discontinuities.
8.2 Nondestructive Tests—Nondestructive testing and corresponding acceptance criteria shall be as specified by the purchaser.
9. Certification and Reports
9.1 All tests required by this specification shall be made by the manufacturer and reported on a certificate of test to the
purchaser. Each test certificate shall include the following items:
9.1.1 Purchase order number,
9.1.2 Forging identification number,
9.1.3 Specification number and yeardate year date of issue, grade, and class,
9.1.4 Heat number,
9.1.5 Lot number and size,
9.1.6 Mechanical properties including tension, impact, and hardness,
9.1.7 Hardness data tabulation for each forging tested,
9.1.8 Heat-treating and stress-relieving temperature and times,
9.1.9 Results of any specified supplementary requirements, and
TABLE 1 Heat Treatment, °F [°C]
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
Classes 1 & 2 Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Classes 1 & 2 Class 1 Class 2 Class 1
Austenitizing 1725-1775 1600-1750 1825-1875 1725-1875 1875-1925 2075-2125 1725-1775 1875-1925
[940-970] [870-955] [995-1025] [940-1025] [1025-1050] [1135-1165] [940-970] [1025-1050]
Quenching Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid
Single tempering 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1150 min 1250 min 1100 min . . .
[565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [620 min] [675 min] [595 min]
Double tempering . . . . . . 1025 min 1025 min . . . . . . . . . . . .
[550 min] [550 min]
Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135-1165
[615-630]
Stress Relieving 1025 min 1025 min 1000 min
...
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