ASTM D5521/D5521M-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers
Standard Guide for Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A correctly designed, installed, and developed groundwater monitoring well, constructed in accordance with Practice D5092 should provide the following: representative samples of groundwater that can be analyzed to determine physical properties and water quality parameters of the sample or potentiometric levels that are representative of the total hydraulic head of that portion of the aquifer screened by the well, or both. The well may also be utilized for conducting aquifer performance tests used for the purpose of determining the hydrogeologic properties of the targeted hydrostratigraphic unit in which the well has been completed.
Note 1: An extensive research program on annular sealants was conducted from 2001 through 2009 and in subsequent years by the Nebraska Grout Task Force (Lackey et al., 2009 and State of California, 2015). This research included cement and bentonite grouts and the use of pellets and chips. The general finding of the study indicates all sealing methods suffer from some shrinkage in the portion of the well in the unsaturated zone. The best grouts were cement-sand, bentonite chips, neat cements, and bentonite slurries with more than 20 percent solids. Especially problematic is the use of low solids content bentonite slurries in the unsaturated zone leading to a prohibition on their use in California (State of California, 2015). It is also highly recommended that State and Federal codes/regulations regarding seals within the unsaturated zone be evaluated prior to design to ensure codes are met.
4.2 Well development is an important component of monitoring well completions. Monitoring wells installed in aquifers should be sufficiently developed to such that they serve their intended objectives. Well development methods vary with the physical characteristics of the targeted hydrostratigraphic unit in which the monitoring well is screened, the construction details of the well, the drilling method utilized during the construction of the bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the development of screened wells installed for the purpose of obtaining representative groundwater information and water quality samples from granular aquifers, though the methods described herein could also be applied to wells used for other purposes. Other well-development methods that are used exclusively in open-borehole bedrock wells are not described in this guide.
1.2 The applications and limitations of the methods described in this guide are based on the assumption that the primary objective of the monitoring wells to which the methods are applied is to obtain representative water quality samples from aquifers. Screened monitoring wells developed using the methods described in this guide should yield relatively sediment-free samples from granular aquifer materials, ranging from gravels to silty sands. While many monitoring wells are considered “small-diameter” wells (that is, less than 10 cm [4 in.] inside diameter), some of the techniques described in this guide will be more easily applied to large-diameter wells (that is, 10 cm [4 in.] or greater inside diameter).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5521/D5521M − 18
Standard Guide for
Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular
1
Aquifers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5521/D5521M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
1.1 This guide covers the development of screened wells
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
installed for the purpose of obtaining representative ground-
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
water information and water quality samples from granular
a given professional service needs to be judged, nor should this
aquifers, though the methods described herein could also be
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
applied to wells used for other purposes. Other well-
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
development methods that are used exclusively in open-
document means only that the document has been approved
borehole bedrock wells are not described in this guide.
through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 The applications and limitations of the methods de-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
scribed in this guide are based on the assumption that the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
primary objective of the monitoring wells to which the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
methods are applied is to obtain representative water quality
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
samples from aquifers. Screened monitoring wells developed
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
using the methods described in this guide should yield rela-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tively sediment-free samples from granular aquifer materials,
ranging from gravels to silty sands. While many monitoring
2. Referenced Documents
wells are considered “small-diameter” wells (that is, less than
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
10 cm [4 in.] inside diameter), some of the techniques
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
described in this guide will be more easily applied to large-
Fluids
diameter wells (that is, 10 cm [4 in.] or greater inside
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
diameter).
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Used at Waste Sites
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Monitoring Wells
with the standard.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 For definitions of common terminology terms used
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
within this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 annular seal, n—in groundwater, material used to
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information
provide a seal between the borehole and the casing of a well.
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
Theannularsealshouldhaveahydraulicconductivitylessthan
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
that of the surrounding geologic materials, be resistant to
chemical or physical deterioration.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5521 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D5521_D5521M-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5521/D5521M − 13 D5521/D5521M − 18
Standard Guide for
Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular
1
Aquifers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5521/D5521M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the development of screened wells installed for the purpose of obtaining representative groundwater
information and water quality samples from granular aquifers, though the methods described herein could also be applied to wells
used for other purposes. Other well-development methods that are used exclusively in open-borehole bedrock wells are not
described in this guide.
1.2 The applications and limitations of the methods described in this guide are based on the assumption that the primary
objective of the monitoring wells to which the methods are applied is to obtain representative water quality samples from aquifers.
Screened monitoring wells developed using the methods described in this guide should yield relatively sediment-free samples from
granular aquifer materials, ranging from gravels to silty sands. While many monitoring wells are considered “small-diameter”
wells (that is, less than 10 cm [4 in.] inside diameter), some of the techniques described in this guide will be more easily applied
to large-diameter wells (that is, 10 cm [4 in.] or greater inside diameter).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must needs to be judged, nor should this document be
applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only
that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013June 1, 2018. Published September 2013July 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20052013 as
D5521 – 05.13. DOI: 10.1520/D5521_D5521M-13.10.1520/D5521_D5521M-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
-------------
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.