ASTM A554-98e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
Standard Specification for Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers welded stainless steel tubing for mechanical applications where appearance, mechanical properties, or corrosion resistance is needed. The grades covered are listed in Table 1.
1.2 This specification covers as-welded or cold-reduced mechanical tubing in sizes to 16 in. (406.4 mm) outside diameter, inclusive (for round tubing) and in wall thicknesses 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) and over.
1.3 Tubes shall be furnished in one of the following shapes as specified by the purchaser: round, square, rectangular, or special.
1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: A 554 – 98
Standard Specification for
Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 554; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—A typographical error in the table titled “Square and Rectangular Tubing” was editorially corrected in October 1999.
1. Scope Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
1.1 This specification covers welded stainless steel tubing
3. Ordering Information
for mechanical applications where appearance, mechanical
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
properties, or corrosion resistance is needed. The grades
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
covered are listed in Table 1.
material adequately:
1.2 This specification covers as-welded or cold-reduced
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, mass, or number of pieces),
mechanical tubing in sizes to 16 in. (406.4 mm) outside
3.1.2 Name of material (welded stainless steel mechanical
dimension, and in wall thicknesses 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) and
tubing),
over.
3.1.3 Form (round, square, rectangular, special, see 1.3),
1.3 Tubes shall be furnished in one of the following shapes
3.1.4 Dimensions:
as specified by the purchaser: round, square, rectangular, or
3.1.4.1 Round-outside diameter and wall thickness for all
special.
conditions (Section 8). Alternatively, for cold-reduced condi-
1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
tion, outside diameter and inside diameter or inside diameter
provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
and wall dimensions may be specified,
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.4.2 Square and rectangular outside dimensions and wall
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
thickness (see 9.1),
information only.
3.1.4.3 Special (to be specified),
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.5 Length (mill lengths, cut lengths, or multiple lengths
(see 8.3)),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 Grade (Table 1),
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
3.1.7 Condition (see 6.1),
of Steel Products
3.1.8 Inside diameter bead condition (see 6.2),
E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
3.1.9 Surface finish (see Section 11),
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
3.1.10 Report of chemical analysis, if required (Section 7),
E 59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
3.1.11 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,
of Chemical Composition
3.1.12 End use,
2.2 Military Standards:
3.1.13 Specification designation,
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
3.1.14 Special requirements,
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-
3.1.15 Special marking (Section 14), and
ment and Storage
3.1.16 Special packing (Section 15).
2.3 Federal Standard:
4. Process
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, 4.1 The steel may be made by any process.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,
A01.10 on Tubing.
it shall be stated on the purchase order.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
published as A 554 – 65. Last previous edition A 554 – 94 (Reapproved 1995).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. If
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111–5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
A 554–98
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Carbon, Manga- Phos- Sulfur, Silicon, Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Titanium Columbium
Grade
max nese, phorus, max max + Tantalum
max max
Austenitic
MT-301 0.15 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 6.0–8.0 16.0–18.0 . . .
MT-302 0.15 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.0–10.0 17.0–19.0 . . .
MT-304 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.0–11.0 18.0–20.0 . . .
A
MT-304L 0.035 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.0–13.0 18.0–20.0 . . .
MT-305 0.12 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.0–13.0 17.0–19.0 . . .
MT-309S 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.0–15.0 22.0–24.0 . . . . .
B
MT-309S-Cb 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.0–15.0 22.0–24.0 . .
MT-310S 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 19.0–22.0 24.0–26.0 . . .
MT-316 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.0–14.0 16.0–18.0 2.0–3.0 . .
A
MT-316L 0.035 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.0–15.0 16.0–18.0 2.0–3.0 . .
MT-317 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.0–14.0 18.0–20.0 3.0–4.0 . .
C
MT-321 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 9.0–13.0 17.0–20.0 . .
MT-330 0.15 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 33.0–36.0 14.0–16.0 . . .
B
MT-347 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 9.0–13.0 17.0–20.0 . .
Ferritic
MT-429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 14.0–16.0 . . .
MT-430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 16.0–18.0 . . .
MT-430-Ti 0.10 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.075 max 16.0–19.5 . 5 3 C min, .
0.75 max
A
For small diameter or thin walls, or both, where many drawing passes are required, a carbon content of 0.040 % max is necessary in grades MT-304L and MT-316L.
Small outside diameter tubes are defined as those less than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) in outside diameter and light wall tubes as those less than 0.049 in. (1.24 mm) in average
wall thickness.
B
The columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less than ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.00 %.
C
The titanium content shall be not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.60 %.
secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all chemical composition thus determined, or that determined
of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat. from a product analysis made by the tubular product manufac-
4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When turer, shall conform to requirements specified. When requested
steel of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identifi- in the order or contract, a report of this analysis shall be
cation of the resultant transition material is required. The furnished to the purchaser. (See Test Methods E 30 and
producer shall remove the transition material by an established Practice E 59.)
procedure that positively separates the grades.
8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions—Round Tubing
5. Materials and Manufacture
8.1 For all conditions except tubing with bead removed,
5.1 The tubes shall be made from flat-rolled steel by an
Table 2 shall apply.
automatic welding process without the addition of filler metal.
8.2 For tubing with bead removed, Table 3 shall apply.
8.3 Lengths—Tubing is normally furnished in mill lengths 5
6. Condition
ft (1.5 m) and over. Definite cut lengths are furnished when
6.1 The tubes shall be furnished in any of the following
specified, to the length tolerances shown in Table 4. For tubing
conditions as specified:
ordered in multiple lengths, it is common practice to allow a
6.1.1 As welded,
definite amount over for each multiple for the purchaser’s
6.1.2 Welded and annealed,
cutting operation. Thus cutting allowance should be specified
6.1.3 Cold reduced,
in the purchase order.
6.1.4 Cold reduced and annealed.
8.4 Straightness Tolerance—The straightness tolerance
6.2 The inside diameter bead shall be furnished in any of the
shall be 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) maximum in any 3-ft (0.9-m)
following conditions as specified:
length of tubing. The straightness tolerance on shorter lengths
6.2.1 Bead not removed,
and on special requirements shall be agreed upon between the
6.2.2 Bead controlled to 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) or 15 % of the
purchaser and producer.
specified wall thickness, whichever is greater, and
6.2.3 Bead removed.
9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions—Square and
Rectangular Tubing
7. Heat Analysis
7.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the 9.1 Square and rectangular welded stainless mechanical
steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the ele- tubing is supplied as cold worked unless otherwise specified.
ments specified. If secondary melting processes are employed, For this tubing, variations in dimensions from those specified
the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 5. For lengths,
the product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. The see 8.3.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
A 554–98
A
TABLE 2 Diameter, Wall, and Ovality Tolerances (All Conditions Except Tubing with Bead Removed)
NOTE 1—Ovality is the difference between maximum and minimum outside diameters measured at any one cross section. There is no additional
tolerance for ovality on tubes having a specified wall thickness of more than 3 % of the outside diameter.
NOTE 2—For sizes up to and including 5-in. (127.0-mm) outside diameter, an ovality tolerance of twice the tabular outside diameter tolerance spread
shown is applied one half plus and one half minus to tubes having a specified wall thickness of 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter. The average
of the maximum and minimum outside diameter readings should fall within the outside diameter tolerances as shown in this table.
NOTE 3—For sizes over 5-in. (127.0-mm) to and including 16-in. (406.4-mm) outside diameter, when the specified wall thickness is 3 % or less of the
outside diameter,the ovality shall not exceed 1.5 % of the specified outside diameter.
Wall Thickness OD, 6
OD Size, in. (mm)
in. mm in. mm
Under ⁄2 (12.7) 0.020 to 0.049 0.51 to 1.24 0.004 0.10
⁄2to 1 (12.7 to 25.4) 0.020 to 0.065 0.51 to 1.65 0.005 0.13
⁄2to 1 (12.7 to 25.4) over 0.065 to 0.134 over 1.65 to 3.40 0.010 0.25
Over1to1 ⁄2 (25.4 to 38.1), incl 0.025 to 0.065 0.64 to 1.65 0.008 0.20
Over1to1 ⁄2 (25.4 to 38.1), incl over 0.065 to 0.134 over 1.65 to 3.40 0.010 0.25
Over 1 ⁄2 to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), incl 0.025 to 0.049 0.64 to 1.24 0.010 0.25
Over 1 ⁄2 to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), incl over 0.049 to 0.083 over 1.24 to 2.11 0.011 0.28
Over 1 ⁄2 to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), incl over 0.083 to 0.149 over 2.11 to 3.78 0.012 0.30
Over2to2 ⁄2 (50.8 to 63.5), incl 0.032 to 0.065 0.81 to 1.65 0.012 0.30
Over2to2 ⁄2 (50.8 to 63.5), incl over 0.065 to 0.109 over 1.65 to 2.77 0.013 0.33
Over2to2 ⁄2 (50.8 to 63.5), incl over 0.109 to 0.165 over 2.77 to 4.19 0.014 0.36
1 1
Over 2 ⁄2 to 3 ⁄2 (63.5 to 88.9), incl 0.032 to 0.165 0.81 to 4.19 0.014 0.36
1 1
Over 2 ⁄2 to 3 ⁄2 (63.5 to 88.9), incl over 0.165 over 4.19 0.020 0.51
Over 3 ⁄2 to 5 (88.9 to 127.0), incl 0.035 to 0.165 0.89 to 4.19 0.020 0.51
Over 3 ⁄2 to 5 (88.9 to 127.0), incl over 0.165 over 4.19 0.025 0.64
Over5to7 ⁄2 (127.0 to 190.5), incl 0.049 to 0.250 1.24 to 6.35 0.025 0.64
Over5to7 ⁄2 (127.0 to 190.5), incl over 0.250 over 6.35 0.030 0.76
Over 7 ⁄2 to 16 (190.5 to 406.4), incl all all 0.00125 in./in. or mm/mm of circumference
A
Wall tolerance 610 % of specified wall thickness.
A
TABLE 3 Diameter, Wall, and Ovality Tolerances for Tubing
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
with Bead Removed
10.1 Finished tubes shall have smooth ends free of burrs.
NOTE 1—Ovality is the difference between maximum and minimum
They shall be free of injurious defects and shall have a
outside diameters measured at any one cross section. There is no
workmanlike finish. Surface imperfections such as handling
additional tolerance for ovality on tubes having a specified wall thickness
marks, straightening marks, light mandrel and die marks,
of more than 3 % of the outside diameter.
shallow pits, and scale patterns will not be considered as
NOTE 2—An ovality allowance of twice the outside diameter tolerance,
serious defects, provided the imperfections are removable
shown in this table, is applied one half plus and one half minus to the
within 10 % of the specified wall or 0.002 in. (0.05 mm), outside diameter, for tubes having a specified wall thickness of 3 % or less
of the specified outside diameter. The average of the maximum and
whichever is greater. The removal of surface imperfections is
minimum outside diameter readings should fall within the outside
not required, unless special finishes are specified.
diameter tolerances of this table.
NOTE 3—Tubing may be specified to only two of the three following
11. Surface Finish
dimensions—outside diameter, inside diameter, or wall.
11.1 Tubes shall be free of scale.
OD Size, in. (mm) OD, 6 ID, 6
11.2 If special surface conditioning is required, they shall be
in. mm in. mm
stated in the order.
Up to ⁄32 (2.4), excl 0.001 0.03 0.001 0.03
3 3
⁄32to ⁄16 (2.4 to 4.8), excl 0.0015 0.038 0.0015 0.038
12. Rejection
3 1
⁄16to ⁄2 (4.8 to 12.7), excl 0.003 0.08 0.005 0.13
12.1 Tubing that fails to meet the requirements of this 1
⁄2to 1 (12.7 to 25.4), excl 0.004 0.10 0.006 0.15
1to1 ⁄2 (25.4 to 38.1), 0.005 0.13 0.007 0.18
specification shall be set aside and the manufacturer notified.
excl
1 ⁄2to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), 0.006 0.15 0.008 0.20
13. Coating
excl
2to2 ⁄2 (50.8 to 63.5), 0.007 0.18 0.010 0.25
13.1 Stainless steel tubing is commonly shipped without
excl
protective coating. If special protection is needed, details shall
1 1
2 ⁄2to 3 ⁄2 (63.5 to 88.9), 0.010 0.25 0.014 0.36
be specified in the order.
excl
3 ⁄2to 5 (88.9 to 127.0), 0.015 0.38 0.020 0.51
incl
Over 5 to 16 (127.0 to 0.00125 in./in. or 0.0013 in./in. or
406.4), incl mm/mm of cir- mm/mm of cir-
cumference cumference
A
Wall tolerance is 610 % of specified wall thickness.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
A 554–98
TABLE 4 Length Variations—Cut Length Tubes TABLE 5 Square and Rectangular Tubing
Outside Permissible Variations Outside Dimension Tolerances
Diameter, in Length, in.
Largest Specified Outside Wall Thick- 6, in. (mm),
in. (mm)
Length, ft (m)
A
Over Under
...
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