ASTM D7008-08
(Specification)Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for reusable and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs) used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of products including, but not limited to, reinforced film, unreinforced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geotextile and uncoated geotextile. Geosynthetic ADC are classified as nonreusable geosynthetic ADC, and reusable geosynthetic ADC. The breaking factor, tear resistance, and puncture strength of the nonreusable ADC shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The grab strength, trapezoidal tear, and puncture resistance of the reusable ADC shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for reusable and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs) used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of products including, but not limited to, reinforced film, unreinforced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geotextile and uncoated geotextile.
1.2 This standard addresses the base ADC materials and does not address grommets, straps or other fabricated parts.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Designation:D7008 −08
StandardSpecification for
1
Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Geomembranes and Related Products
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for reusable
Materials
and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs)
2.2 Other Standards:
used on the working face of municipal solid waste landfills
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 701 Standard
(MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of
Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles
products including, but not limited to, reinforced film, unrein-
Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI) Specification
forced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geo-
GM11 Accelerated Weathering of Geomembranes using a
textile and uncoated geotextile.
Fluorescent UVA-Condensation Exposure Device
1.2 This standard addresses the base ADC materials and
does not address grommets, straps or other fabricated parts. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D4439.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 alternate daily cover, n—an alternative to the tradi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tional 15 cm (6 in.) soil cover required by the USEPA for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
landfill working faces to “control disease vectors, fires, odors,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
blowing liter, and scavenging, without presenting a threat to
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
human health and the environment.”
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 fire retardant, adj—in geosynthetic ADCs, meeting the
2
requirementsofNFPA701,Method1,StandardMethodofFire
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films.
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
Sheeting 3.2.3 nonreusable, adj—in geosynthetics, a fabric or film
D1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of intended to be placed once and then disposed of, discarded, or
Plastic Film and Sheeting left in place.
D4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by
3.2.4 reusable, adj—in geosynthetics, a fabric or membrane
Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc
material intended to be retrieved and installed more than once
Type Apparatus
to perform the cover function.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3.2.5 working face, n—the area of a landfill in which waste
D4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geo-
is actively being deposited.
textiles
D4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation
4. Classification of Geosynthetic ADCs
of Geotextiles
4.1 Nonreusable—Nonreusable geosynthetic ADCs consist
D4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of
of disposable films or geotextiles, intended to be left in place
without retrieval. Special equipment exists to facilitate the
placement and anchoring of these materials to cover the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
workingfaceoflandfills.Thecovermaycontainpro-degradant
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
ability and Filtration.
additives to accelerate degradation within the waste to allow
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
the free flow of fluids and gases within the waste mass. Three
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D7008–03. DOI:
classes of nonreusable ADCs are specified based on tensile,
10.1520/D7008-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tear and puncture properties (see Table 1).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 Reusable—Reusable geosyntheticADCs consist of vari-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ous types of fabric or plastic membranes that have either been
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7008−08
TABLE 1 Classes for Nonreusable ADCs
vation of insect and scavenger attraction to the site. Perfor-
Class Class Class mance is compared to a traditional soil daily cover by
Property
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7008–03 Designation: D 7008 – 08
Standard Specification for
1
Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for reusable and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs) used on
the working face of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of products including,
but not limited to, reinforced film, unreinforced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geotextile and uncoated
geotextile.
1.2 This standard addresses the base ADC materials and does not address grommets, straps or other fabricated parts.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 882 Test MethodsMethod for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D 4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a XenonArc TypeApparatus
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of Geotextiles
D 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products
D6523Guide for Evaluation and Selection of Alternative Daily Covers (ADCs) for Sanitary Landfills Test Method for Index
Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
E96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
2.2 Other Standards:
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles
Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI) Specification GM11 Accelerated Weathering of Geomembranes using a Fluorescent
UVA-Condensation Exposure Device
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D 4439.
3.1.1
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 alternate daily cover, n—an alternative to the traditional 15 cm (6 in.) soil cover required by the USEPA for landfill
working faces to “control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing liter, and scavenging, without presenting a threat to human health
and the environment.”
3.1.2
3.2.2 fire retardant, adj— in geosynthetic ADCs, meeting the requirements of NFPA 701, Method 1, Standard Method of Fire
Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films.
3.1.3
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability and
Filtration.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published February 2004.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 7008–03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7008–08
3.2.3 nonreusable, adj— in geosynthetics, a fabric or film intended to be placed once and then disposed of, discarded, or left
in place.
3.1.4
3.2.4 reusable, adj—in geosynthetics, a fabric or membrane material intended to be retrieved and installed more than once to
perform the cover function.
3.1.5
3.2.5 working face, n—the area of a landfill in which waste is actively being deposited.
4. Classification of Geosynthetic ADCs
4.1 Nonreusable—Nonreusable geosynthetic ADCs consist of disposable films or geotextiles, intended to be left in place
without retrieval. Special equipment exists to facilitate the placement and anchoring of these materials to cover the wo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7008–03 Designation: D 7008 – 08
Standard Specification for
1
Geosynthetic Alternate Daily Covers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for reusable and nonreusable geosynthetic alternate daily covers (ADCs) used on
the working face of municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). Geosynthetic ADCs include a wide range of products including,
but not limited to, reinforced film, unreinforced film, reinforced sheet, unreinforced sheet, coated geotextile and uncoated
geotextile.
1.2 This standard addresses the base ADC materials and does not address grommets, straps or other fabricated parts.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 882 Test MethodsMethod for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting
D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D 4355 Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a XenonArc TypeApparatus
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D 4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
D 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of Geotextiles
D 4833 Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products
D6523Guide for Evaluation and Selection of Alternative Daily Covers (ADCs) for Sanitary Landfills Test Method for Index
Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
E96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
2.2 Other Standards:
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles
Geosynthetic Research Institute (GRI) Specification GM11 Accelerated Weathering of Geomembranes using a Fluorescent
UVA-Condensation Exposure Device
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to geosynthetics, refer to Terminology D 4439.
3.1.1
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 alternate daily cover, n—an alternative to the traditional 15 cm (6 in.) soil cover required by the USEPA for landfill
working faces to “control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing liter, and scavenging, without presenting a threat to human health
and the environment.”
3.1.2
3.2.2 fire retardant, adj— in geosynthetic ADCs, meeting the requirements of NFPA 701, Method 1, Standard Method of Fire
Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films.
3.1.3
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability and
Filtration.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published February 2004.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 7008–03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7008–08
3.2.3 nonreusable, adj— in geosynthetics, a fabric or film intended to be placed once and then disposed of, discarded, or left
in place.
3.1.4
3.2.4 reusable, adj—in geosynthetics, a fabric or membrane material intended to be retrieved and installed more than once to
perform the cover function.
3.1.5
3.2.5 working face, n—the area of a landfill in which waste is actively being deposited.
4. Classification of Geosynthetic ADCs
4.1 Nonreusable—Nonreusable geosynthetic ADCs consist of disposable films or geotextiles, intended to be left in place
without retrieval. Special equipment exists to facilitate the placement and anchoring of these materials to cover the wo
...
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