ASTM F1864-05

Standard Test Method for Dust Erosion Resistance of Optical and Infrared Transparent Materials and Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
All materials on exterior aircraft surfaces are subject to abrasion from airborne particles of various sizes and shapes. Transparent materials are particularly vulnerable to abrasion, since their performance is based on their ability to transmit light with a minimal amount of scatter. Scratches, pitting, and coating removal and delamination as a result of abrasion may increase scatter, reduce transmission, and degrade the performance of transparent materials. Visually transparent materials are required for pilot and air crew enclosures, such as canopies, windshields, and viewpoints. Materials transparent in the IR region (8 to 12 μm) are required for tracking, targeting, and navigational instrumentation.
This test method is intended to provide a calibrated and repeatable means of determining the relative abrasion resistance of materials and coatings for optical and IR transparent materials and coatings. The test parameters for this test method can be directly related to dust cloud densities and velocities to which transparent materials are exposed in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the resistance of transparent plastics and coatings used in aerospace windscreens, canopies, and viewports to surface erosion as a result of dust impingement. This test method simulates flight through a defined particle cloud environment by means of independent control of particle size, velocity, impact angle, mass loading, and test duration.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2005
• ICS: 49.040 - Coatings and related processes used in aerospace industry
• Technical Committee: F07 - Aerospace and Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F07.08 - Transparent Enclosures and Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1864-98 - Standard Test Method for Dust Erosion Resistance of Optical and Infrared Transparent Materials and Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM F1864-05(2010) - Standard Test Method for Dust Erosion Resistance of Optical and Infrared Transparent Materials and Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F790-23 - Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F1864 – 05
Standard Test Method for
Dust Erosion Resistance of Optical and Infrared Transparent
1
Materials and Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 sweep time, n—the time required for one translation
pass.
1.1 This test method covers the resistance of transparent
3.1.4 translation pass, n—the translation of the specimen
plastics and coatings used in aerospace windscreens, canopies,
platformfromtheverticalorhorizontallimittothecorrespond-
and viewports to surface erosion as a result of dust impinge-
ing vertical or horizontal limit.
ment. This test method simulates flight through a defined
3.1.5 translation cycle, n—the translation of the specimen
particle cloud environment by means of independent control of
platformfromtheverticalorhorizontallimittothecorrespond-
particle size, velocity, impact angle, mass loading, and test
ingverticalorhorizontallimitandbacktotheinitialverticalor
duration.
horizontal limit. Two translation passes are equivalent to one
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
translation cycle.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Symbols:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2
A = reference surface area of specimen platform (cm ),
s
3
C = simulated cloud concentration (g/m ),
c
2. Referenced Documents
h = percent haze before exposure,
o
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
h = percent haze after exposure,
e
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
m˙ = rate of particle mass impacting the reference surface
p
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
area (g/min),
2
of Transparent Plastics
m˙ = incremental mass loading (g/cm ),
i
2
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
m = total mass loading (g/cm ),
T
N = number of increments,
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
V = particle impact velocity (m/s),
Sieves
p
t = sweep time(s),
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti- s
T = optical or mean infrared (IR) transmission after
tative Analysis e
exposure (%),
3. Terminology T = opticalormeanIRtransmissionbeforeexposure(%),
o
a = impact angle (normal incidence = 90°),
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Dt = exposure time (min) for loading increment i,
i
3.1.1 mass loading, n—the mass of dust per unit of total
2
f = incremental dust load (g/cm ) for loading increment
i
exposed surface area (including the sample holder) that im-
i,
pinges on the specimens.
2
F = total dust load (g/cm ),
3.1.2 mean IR transmission, n—for the purposes of this
Dh = change in percent haze, and
standard, the average percentage of light transmitted by a
DT = change in optical or IR transmission.
material in the 8- to 12-µm bandwidth.
4. Summary of Test Method
1
4.1 This test method consists of: (1) measuring and record-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on
Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on ing the light transmission properties, at visual or infrared
Transparent Enclosures and Materials.
wavelengths, of test coupons; (2) mounting the coupons in a
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2005.PublishedJuly2005.Originallyapproved
test fixture; (3) exposing the coupons to a dust particle stream;
in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F1864 – 98. DOI: 10.1520/
and (4) remeasuring the light transmission properties to deter-
F1864-05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mine changes in these properties.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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F1864 – 05
4.2 The dust particle stream simulates flight at a specified can be directly related to dust cloud densities and velocities to
velocitythroughadustcloudofspecifieddensity.Simulationis which transparent materials are exposed in the field.
accomplished through control of particle size distribution,
6. Apparatus
mean particle velocity, particle mass flow rate, and angle of
impact.
6.1 Dust Erosion Abrader, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The test
4.3 The degree of abrasion is measured by the amount of
apparatus simulates flight through dust
...