ASTM D1816-12(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid is of importance as a measure of the liquid's ability to withstand electric stress without failure. The dielectric breakdown voltage serves to indicate the presence of contaminating agents such as water, dirt, cellulosic fibers, or conducting particles in the liquid, one or more of which may be present in significant concentrations when low breakdown voltages are obtained. However, a high dielectric breakdown voltage does not necessarily indicate the absence of all contaminants; it may merely indicate that the concentrations of contaminants that are present in the liquid between the electrodes are not large enough to deleteriously affect the average breakdown voltage of the liquid when tested by this test method (see Appendix X1.)
3.2 This test method is used in laboratory or field tests. For field breakdown results to be comparable to laboratory results, all criteria including room temperature (20 to 30 °C) must be met.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating liquids (oils of petroleum origin, silicone fluids, high fire-point mineral electrical insulating oils, synthetic ester fluids and natural ester fluids). This test method is applicable to insulating liquids commonly used in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and similar apparatus as an insulating and cooling medium. Refer to Terminology D2864 for definitions used in this test method.
1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects of moisture in solution especially when cellulosic fibers are present in the liquid. It has been found to be especially useful in diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectric breakdown strength of insulating liquid in insulating systems.2
1.3 This test method is used to judge if the VDE electrode breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids. This test method should be used as recommended by professional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectric breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Method D2225, Specification D4652, or Specification D6871, provided that the discharge energy into the sample is less than 20 mJ (milli joule) per breakdown for five consecutive breakdowns.
1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units are acceptable.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1816 − 12 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using
1
VDE Electrodes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1816; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielec-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tric breakdown voltage of insulating liquids (oils of petroleum
origin, silicone fluids, high fire-point mineral electrical insu-
2. Referenced Documents
lating oils, synthetic ester fluids and natural ester fluids). This
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
test method is applicable to insulating liquids commonly used
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and similar appa-
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
ratus as an insulating and cooling medium. Refer to Terminol-
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
ogy D2864 for definitions used in this test method.
D2225 Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical
1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects of
Insulation
moisture in solution especially when cellulosic fibers are
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
present in the liquid. It has been found to be especially useful
uids and Gases
in diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectric
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
2
breakdown strength of insulating liquid in insulating systems.
Electrical Apparatus
1.3 This test method is used to judge if the VDE electrode
D4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical
breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquids.
Insulation
This test method should be used as recommended by profes-
D6871 Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids
sional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
Used in Electrical Apparatus
2.2 IEEE Standard:
1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectric
Standard 4 IEEE Standard Techniques for High Voltage
breakdownofsiliconefluidasspecifiedinTestMethodD2225,
4
Testing
Specification D4652, or Specification D6871, provided that the
C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulat-
dischargeenergyintothesampleislessthan20mJ(millijoule)
4
ing Oil in Equipment
per breakdown for five consecutive breakdowns.
1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units are
3. Significance and Use
acceptable.
3.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage of an insulating liquid
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
is of importance as a measure of the liquid’s ability to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
withstand electric stress without failure. The dielectric break-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
down voltage serves to indicate the presence of contaminating
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
agents such as water, dirt, cellulosic fibers, or conducting
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
particles in the liquid, one or more of which may be present in
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
significant concentrations when low breakdown voltages are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
obtained. However, a high dielectric breakdown voltage does
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
not necessarily indicate the absence of all contaminants; it may
merelyindicatethattheconcentrationsofcontaminantsthatare
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Test. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1960 as D1816 – 60 T. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D1816 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D1816-12R19. theASTM website.
2 4
Supporting data is available fromASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D27-1006. Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc., PO
Box 13
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