ASTM D3107-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
Standard Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of fabrics woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a specified tension and extension.
1.2 This test method is intended for use with woven fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) and good recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or 2 lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, this test method can be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from non-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch characteristics shown above.
1.3 This test method allows the use of two tension options commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb.) and 1.8 kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch, fabric growth and fabric recovery, and can be used individually when required by individual specifications.
1.4 This test method should not be used to measure breaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test Method D 5035.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
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Designation:D3107–03
Standard Test Methods for
Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount
Textiles
of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of fabrics
D 4848 Terminology for Force, Deformation and Related
woven in whole or in part from stretch yarns after a specified
Properties of Textiles
tension and extension.
D 4849 Terminology for Fibers and Yarns
1.2 This test method is intended for use with woven fabrics
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric
exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) and good
D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or 2
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, this test method can
be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part from non-stretch
3. Terminology
yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch characteristics
3.1 Definitions:
shown above.
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this method,
1.3 This test method allows the use of two tension options
refer to D 4850 for: bench marks, fabric stretch, and fabric
commonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb.) and 1.8
growth; for definition of the textile term: tension, refer to
kg (4 lb). Several calculations are included for fabric stretch,
Terminology D 4848; for definition of the textile term: stretch
fabric growth and fabric recovery, and can be used individually
yarn, refer to Terminology D 4849.
when required by individual specifications.
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms, refer to Termi-
1.4 Thistestmethodshouldnotbeusedtomeasurebreaking
nology D 123.
elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in Test Method
D 5035.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4.1 Fabric Stretch under a Specified Tension—Bench marks
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
ofaknowndistancearemadeonafabricspecimen.Aspecified
the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values
tension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribed
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
technique and the resulting distance between bench marks
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
whilethespecimenisunderthetensionismeasured.Thefabric
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
stretch is calculated from the length difference between bench
with the specification.
marks prior to application of the tension and while under the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tension.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Fabric Growth after a Specified Tension—Bench marks
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ofaknowndistancearemadeonafabricspecimen.Aspecified
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
technique. The tension is removed and after various time
2. Referenced Documents intervals, the relaxed distance between the bench marks is
remeasured. The fabric growth is calculated from the length
2.1 ASTM Standards:
difference between the bench marks prior to application of the
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2 tension and after relaxation.
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
4.3 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a Specified
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory testing of a Textile Test
Extension—Bench marks of a known distance are made on a
fabric specimen. A specimen, paired to one used in the fabric
stretch test, is held at a specified extension for a prescribed
This test is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003.Published April 2003. Originally approved
in 1975 as D 3107–75. Discontinued September 1999 and reinstated as D 3107–03.
Last previous edition approved in 1980 as D 3107–75–(1980) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 7.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D3107–03
period of time.The tension is then removed from the specimen 6.4 Timer, with increments of at least 10 s.
andthedistancebetweenthebenchmarksismeasuredafterthe
specimen has been allowed to relax for various time intervals.
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
The fabric growth at each time interval is calculated from the
7.1 Lot Sample—as a lot sample for acceptance testing, take
distance between the bench marks of the specimen prior to
a random number of shipping units directed in a applicable
stretching and the length after each relaxation period at zero
material specification or other agreement between the pur-
tension.
chaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric or fabric
4.4 Fabric Recovery—fabric recovery is calculated as the
components of fabricated systems to be the primary sampling
percentage of the fabric growth recovered with respect to the
unit, as applicable.
fabric growth determined after tension and/or after a specified
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
extension obtained at the various relaxation intervals.
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
between shipping units, between packages within a shipping unit, and
5. Significance and Use
between specimens from a single package to provide a sampling with a
5.1 Thistestmethodisusedtodeterminethestretch,growth
meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level and
and recovery properties that garments made with the fabric
limiting quality level.
tested may be expected to exhibit during use.
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling
5.2 This test method is not recommended for acceptance
unit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric that
testing of commercial shipments because the between-
is1m(1yd)in length along the selvage (machine direction),
laboratory precision is known to be poor.
after removing a first1m(1yd) length. For fabric components
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
of fabricated systems use the entire system.
tween reported test results for two or more laboratories,
7.3 Test Specimens and Preparation—From each laboratory
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
sampling unit, take three pairs of test specimens 65 by 560 mm
determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
(2.5 by 22 in.) with the long direction parallel to the test
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use test
direction. Take specimens representing a broad distribution
samples that are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from
from different positions diagonally across the width of the
the material from which the disparate test results were ob-
laboratory sampling unit. Label to maintain specimen identity.
tained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
7.3.1 Whenanend-useproductorgarmentisprovided,take
laboratoryfortesting.Thetestresultsfromthetwolaboratories
specimens from different areas. That is, if the product is a
should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at
garment worn on the upper body, if possible, take specimens
a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
from the shoulder, shirt tail, shirt back and front, and sleeve. In
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
some cases, the size of the specimen panels may not always
test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration
allow taking 560 mm (22 in.) long specimens in the test
of the known bias.
direction.
5.3 Some stretch fabrics are constructed with stretch yarns
7.3.2 For fabric widths 125 mm (5 in.) or more, take no
in only the filling direction. Consequently, for those fabrics,
specimen closer than 25 mm (1 in.) from the selvage edges of
only the filling direction needs to be tested.
the laboratory sampling unit.
7.3.3 For fabric widths less than 125 mm (5 in.), use the
6. Apparatus
entire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens.
6.1 Stretch Testing Instrument consisting of the following:
7.3.4 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or
6.1.1 Frame or Board with a fixed clamp at the top.
wrinkles.Avoidgettingoil,water,grease,etc.onthespecimens
6.1.2 Separate Clamp, or other means of attaching a weight
when handling.
with a known mass to the bottom of the test specimen.
7.3.5 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens
6.1.3 Dowel Pin, or equivalent, approximately 6 mm ( ⁄4
are a representative sampling of the pattern.
in.) diameter
7.3.6 Ravel the specimens to a width of 50 6 1 mm (2.00 6
6.1.4 Scale, to measure the span of bench marks on the
0.05 in.) taking approximately the same number of yarns from
specimen graduated either in units of percent of original gage
each side of the specimen.
length or 1 mm (0.5 in) 6 0.1 %.
7.3.7 Fold one end of the specimen 32 mm (1.25 in.) and
6.1.5 Locking Mechanism, for the bottom clamp to maintain
stitch a seam approximately 25 mm (1 in.) from the fold.
specimen extension.
7.3.8 Cut a slit approximately 10 mm ( ⁄8 in.) long in the
6.2 Tensioning Weights, for each position, with an attached
center of the strip on the fold.
hook, when combined with the clamp described in 6.1.2 and
7.3.9 Lay the specimen on a smooth flat surface and allow
the dowel pin described in 6.1.3 provides a total mass of 1.8 kg
to relax for 30 minutes.
(4 lb) for option 1 or 1.35 kg (3 lb) for option 2, each having
tolerances of (6 1 %).
8. Conditioning
6.3 Sanforized Marker or equivalent, to measure the dis-
8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium for
tance between bench marks.
testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as
directed in Practice D 1776 or, if applicable, in the specified
Apparatus is commercially available atmosphere in which the testing is to be performed.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D3107–03
9. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration 10.4.2 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and continue
as directed in section 10.3 and 10.4 until 3 specimens have
9.1 Verify measuring scales and tension weights are within
been tested for each laboratory sampling unit.
calibration.
10.5 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a Specified Exten-
sion:
10. Procedure
10.5.1 Place the second specimen of the pair in the stretch
10.1 Test the test specimens in the standard atmosphere for
testing equipment as directed in 10.3.1, then measure and
testingtextiles,asdescribedinPracticeD 1776.Handlethetest
recordthedistancebetweenthebenchmarkstothenearest1 %
specimens carefully to avoid altering the natural state of the
of original gage and record as Distance O2 (original before
material.
stretch).
10.2 Placebenchmarksatleast250 61mm(10 60.05in.)
10.5.2 Extend the specimen 85 % of the average fabric
apart in the center of the specimen.
stretch calculated in 11.1.1, Eq 2 and hold for a period of 30 6
10.3 Fabric Stretch after applying a Specified Tension: 1 min. Record as distance H.
10.5.3 After 30 6 1 min, release the specimen from the
10.3.1 Select the tension option (1) 1.8 kg (4.0 lb) or (2)
bottom clamp and allow it to hang freely.
1.35 kg (3 lb) as directed in a material specification or contract
10.5.4 Determine fabric growth after extension as appli-
order. In the absence of a material specification or contract
cable to a material specification or contract order as directed in
order use option 1.
10.5.4.1-10.5.4.4. Measure the distance between bench marks
10.3.2 Clamp the end of one specimen in the top clamp of
to the nearest 1 % of original gage length after the tension is
the stretch tester such that the folded and sewn loop end hangs
removed as follows. In the absence of a material specification
freely.
or contract order, use 10.5.4.2.
10.3.3 Measure and record the distance between the bench
10.5.4.1 After 30 6 1 s. Record as distance I.
marks to the nearest 1 % or 1 mm (0.05 in.) and record as
10.5.4.2 After 30 6 1 min. Record as distance J.
Distance O1 (original before tension is applied).
10.5.4.3 After 1 h 6 1 min. Record as distance K.
10.3.4 Insert a dowel pin, or equivalent, through the loop
10.5.4.4 After 2 h 6 1 min. Record as distance L.
and place the tension weight hook through the slit in the fold
10.5.5 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and continue
and over the dowel pin, thereby providing the specified tension
as directed in 10.5 until 3 specimens have been tested for each
to the specimen.
laboratory sampling unit.
10.3.5 Pre-stress the specimen slowly by cycling 3 times
between 0 and the total tension specified. A complete cycle
11. Calculation
should take approximately5sof which the specimen is under
11.1 If using a scale graduated in percent of original gage
the specified tension for approximately 3 s.
length, read the percent fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric
10.3.5.1 Following the third cycle, apply the specified
recovery directly from the scale to the nearest 1 %, otherwise,
tension for a fourth time and measure the fabric stretch as
use the calculations in 11.1.1 and 11.1.4, as applicable.
directed in 10.3.6.
11.1.1 Calculate the fabric stretch after tension of individual
10.3.6 Determine fabric stretch after specified tension as
specimens to the nearest 0.1 % using Eq 1 or Eq 2, as
applicable to a material specification or contract order as
applicable to a material specification or contract order.
directed in 10.3.6.1 through 10.3.6.2. Measure the distance
Fabric Stretch 10 s after Tension, % 5 1003~A2O1!/O1 (1)
(fabric stretch) between the bench marks to the nearest 1 % of
original gage length while the fabric is under the specified
Fabric Stretch 30 min after Tension, % 5 1003~B2O1
...
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