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ASTM D3892-93(1998)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics

Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the packaging and packing of all thermoset and thermoplastic resins and fabricated shapes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Note-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1998
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3892-93(2003) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6456-10(2018) - Standard Specification for Finished Parts Made from Polyimide Resin
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D5436-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Cast Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Plastic Rods, Tubes, and Shapes
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3840-19 - Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Fittings for Nonpressure Applications
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3294-22 - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin Molded Sheet and Molded Basic Shapes
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3595-14(2019)e1 - Standard Specification for Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) Extruded Plastic Sheet and Film
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4477-22 - Standard Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Soffit
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3222-21 - Standard Specification for Unmodified Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Molding Extrusion and Coating Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4203-17 - Standard Specification for and Basis for Specifications for Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Injection and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D3159-22 - Standard Specification for Modified ETFE Fluoropolymer Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D7436-17 - Standard Classification System for Unfilled Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials with a Fractional Melt Index Using ISO Protocol and Methodology
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4895-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Resin Produced From Dispersion
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D7472-19 - Standard Specification for EFEP-Fluoropolymer Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D7471-19 - Standard Specification for CPT-Fluoropolymer Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6712-17 - Standard Specification for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) Solid Plastic Shapes
Effective Date
10-Nov-1998

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ASTM D3892-93(1998) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsASTM D3892-93(1998) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
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ASTM D3892-93(1998) - Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 3892 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Practice for
Packaging/Packing of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3892; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 Commercial levels are included for all commercial and
most federal and military shipments. Level A requirements are
1.1 This practice covers the packaging and packing of all
added for special military purchases only.
thermoset and thermoplastic resins and fabricated shapes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Procedure
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Examination of Preparation for Delivery—Examine in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
accordance with Table 1 to determine that packaging, packing,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and marking comply with requirements specified in the con-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tract or order. The sample unit for this examination shall be one
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
shipping container fully prepared for delivery.
5.2 Packaging—Packaging shall be commercial or Level A,
2. Referenced Documents
as specified.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2.1 Commercial—The material shall be packaged in ac-
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
cordance with normal commercial practice. The complete
2.2 Federal Standards:
package shall be designed to ensure the item against damage
Department of Transportation 19A, Title 49, Code of Fed-
during shipment, handling, and storage.
eral Regulations, Section 178.190, Wooden Boxes—
5.2.2 Level A—For Military Procurement Only:
Glued, Plywood Cleated
5.2.2.1 Sheets, Rods, Tubes, Pipes, Fittings, and Other
Department of Transportation 17H, Title 49, Code of Fed-
Shapes—Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order,
eral Regulations, Section 178.118, Steel Drums
individual fabricated shapes shall be packaged in such a
2.3 Other Standards:
manner as to protect the material against physical and mechani-
National Motor Freight Classification
cal damage and contamination during transit. Only items
Uniform Freight Classification Rules
comprised of a single National Stock number (NSN) or
identifying number shall be placed in one package. Individual
3. Terminology
sheets shall be masked or interleaved.
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of technical terms used in
5.2.2.2 Rolls of Film or Sheeting—These shall be supplied
this practice pertaining to plastics, see Terminology D 883.
in rolls. Each roll shall be wrapped with at least one layer of
polyethylene film or kraft paper, and tightly sealed with tape to
4. Significance and Use
prevent contamination.
4.1 Packing and packaging provisions are outlined as
5.3 Packing—Packing shall be commercial or Level A, as
needed for adequate transport of resins and finished products
specified.
with a minimum of mishaps in shipment.
5.3.1 Commercial—The material shall be packed in accor-
dance with normal commercial practice. The packaged mate-
1 rial shall be packed to assure acceptance by common carrier
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.94
...

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ASTM D3981-09a(2024)e1(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, sheet or tubular, medium-density polyethylene films intended for general uses and packaging applications. The film shall be made from homopolymer polyethylene, copolymer polyethylene commonly referred to as low-pressure polyethylene, or blends of homopolymers and copolymers that include ethylene/vinyl-acetate copolymers. The specimens shall be conditioned before testing in the standard laboratory temperature. Tests shall be conducted to determine the physical properties of the specimens which shall conform to the following physical requirements: secant modulus or stiffness; kinetic coefficient of friction; optical properties such as clarity, gloss, and haze; surface treatment level or wetting tension; impact resistance; tensile strength and elongation at break; heat sealability; and odor level.
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1.7 The thickness of the films covered by this specification range from 25 to 100 μm (0.001 to 0.004 in.), inclusive. The maximum width of the sheet or lay-flat is 3.05 m (120 in.).  
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Standard Practice for Determination of Contamination in Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) Flakes and Chips Using a Plaque Test

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5.1 Presence of paper, metal, or incompatible polymer contamination in poly(ethylene terephthalate) renders the recycled polymer unfit for use in secondary product manufacturing operations. This procedure is useful for identifying different types of contamination in recycled PET flakes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an indication of the quality of recycled transparent poly(ethylene terephthalate) by examination of a wafer or plaque formed by melting a representative sample and quenching it to prevent crystallization.  
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ASTM D3892-15(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Packing and packaging provisions are outlined as needed for adequate transport of resins and finished products with a minimum of mishaps in shipment.  
4.2 Commercial levels are included for all commercial and most federal and military shipments. Level A requirements are added for special military purchases only.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the packaging and packing of all thermoset and thermoplastic resins and fabricated shapes.  
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SCOPE
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4.1 This practice provides a guide for the evaluation of shipping units in accordance with a uniform system, using established test methods at levels representative of those occurring in actual distribution. The recommended test levels are based on available information on the shipping and handling environment, and current industry/government practice and experience (1-13).6 The tests should be performed sequentially on the same containers in the order given. For use as a performance test, this practice requires that the shipping unit tested remain unopened until the sequence of tests are completed. If used for other purposes, such as package development, it may be useful to open and inspect shipping units at various times throughout the sequence. This may, however, prohibit evaluating the influence of the container closure on container performance.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures.  
1.2 Consider the use of Practice D7386 for testing of packages for single parcel shipments.  
1.3 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D999-08(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic stresses when subjected to vibration present in all transportation vehicles. Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage, experienced in shipping may require subjecting the container(s) and contents to vibration inputs.  
4.2 Resonant responses during shipment can be severe and may lead to package or product failure. Identification of critical frequencies, and the nature of package stresses can aid in minimizing the effect of these occurrences.  
4.3 Vibration tests should be based on representative field data. When possible, the confidence level may be improved by comparing laboratory test results with actual field shipment data. It is highly recommended that one understand the most common failures to one’s products and packaging in distribution, and then attempt to replicate those failures in the laboratory. Once such replication is established, then that test can become the minimum necessary test for future packaged products to pass.  
4.4 Exposure to vibration can affect the shipping container, its interior packaging, means of closure, and contents. These tests allow analysis of the interaction of these components. Design modification to one or more of these components may be utilized to achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover vibration tests of filled shipping containers. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container, with its interior packing and means of closure, both in terms of its strength and of the protection it provides its contents when it is subjected to vibration such as it experiences in transportation. These procedures are suitable for testing containers of any form, material, kind, design of interior packing, means of closure, and any size and weight. They are not intended for determining the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, nor are they intended for tests of products in their operational configuration as other more suitable procedures are available for these purposes.2,3  
1.2 The following methods appear:
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Method A2—Repetitive Shock Test (Rotary Motion).
Method B—Single Container Resonance Test.
Method C—Palletized Load, Unitized Load, or Vertical
Stack Resonance Test.  
1.3 For testing of intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) containing liquid hazardous materials, refer to Test Method D7387.  
1.4 These test methods fulfill the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standards ISO 8318 and ISO 2247. The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for these methods.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Detecting Seal Leaks in Porous Medical Packaging by Dye Penetration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Harmful biological or particulate contaminants may enter the medical package through leaks. These leaks are frequently found at seals between package components of the same or dissimilar materials. Leaks may also result from a pinhole in the packaging material.  
4.2 It is the objective of this test method to visually observe the presence of channel defects by the leakage of dye through them.  
4.3 This dye penetrant procedure is applicable only to individual leaks in a package seal. The presence of a number of small leaks, as found in porous packaging material, which could be detected by other techniques, will not be indicated.  
4.4 There is no general agreement concerning the level of leakage that is likely to be deleterious to a particular package. However, since these tests are designed to detect leaks, components that exhibit any indication of leakage are normally rejected.  
4.5 These procedures are suitable to verify and locate leakage sites. They are not quantitative. No indication of leak size can be inferred from these tests. The methods are usually employed as a pass/fail test.  
4.6 The dye solution will wick through any porous material over time, but usually not within the maximum time suggested. If wicking does occur, it may be verified by observing the porous side of the subject seal area. The dye will have discolored the surface of the material. Refer to Appendix X1 for details on wicking and guidance on the observance of false positives.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines materials and procedures that will detect and locate a leak equal to or greater than a channel formed by a 50 µm (0.002 in.) wire in package edge seals formed between a transparent material and a porous sheet material. A dye penetrant solution is applied locally to the seal edge to be tested for leaks. After contact with the dye penetrant for a specified time, the package is visually inspected for dye penetration.  
1.2 Three dye application methods are covered in this test method: injection, edge dip, and eyedropper.  
1.3 These test methods are intended for use on packages with edge seals formed between a transparent material and a porous sheet material. The test methods are limited to porous materials which can retain the dye penetrant solution and prevent it from discoloring the seal area for a minimum of 5 seconds. Uncoated papers are especially susceptible to leakage and must be evaluated carefully for use with each test method.  
1.4 These test methods require that the dye penetrant solution have good contrast to the opaque packaging material.  
1.5 The values are stated in International System of Units (SI units) and English units. Either is to be regarded as standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Standard Practice for Determination of Contamination in Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) Flakes and Chips Using a Plaque Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Presence of paper, metal, or incompatible polymer contamination in poly(ethylene terephthalate) renders the recycled polymer unfit for use in secondary product manufacturing operations. This procedure is useful for identifying different types of contamination in recycled PET flakes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an indication of the quality of recycled transparent poly(ethylene terephthalate) by examination of a wafer or plaque formed by melting a representative sample and quenching it to prevent crystallization.  
1.2 Specific contaminants and impurities such as aluminum particles, dirt particles, paper, and fibers are identified in the transparent wafer. This method is only limited to contamination observable through visual methods. If there are low levels (0–200 ppm) of certain types of contamination, which are transparent and partially/wholly miscible with PET, they will not be apparent through this method.  
1.3 The overall color of the plaque is indicative of oxidizable contaminants such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) glue residue and the number of bubbles present in the plaque gives an indication of the moisture content of the sample.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D3332-99(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of Products, Using Shock Machines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide the user with data on product shock fragility that can be used in choosing optimum-cushioning materials for shipping containers or for product design modification.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover determination of the shock fragility of products. This fragility information may be used in designing shipping containers for transporting the products. It may also be used to improve product ruggedness. Unit or consumer packages, which are transported within an outer container, are considered to be the product for the purposes of these test methods. Two test methods are outlined, as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A is used first, to determine the product's critical velocity change.  
1.1.2 Test Method B is used second, to determine the product's critical acceleration.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1596-14(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Shock Cushioning Characteristics of Packaging Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dynamic cushioning test data obtained by this test method are applicable to the cushioning material and not necessarily the same as obtained in a package. In addition to the influence of the package, the data can also be affected by the specimen area, thickness, loading rate, and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for obtaining dynamic shock cushioning characteristics of packaging materials through acceleration-time data achieved from dropping a falling guided platen assembly onto a motionless sample. This test method does not address any effects or contributions of exterior packaging assemblies.  
1.2 The data acquired may be used for a single point or for use in developing a dynamic cushion curve for the specific material being tested. Such data may be used for comparison among different materials at specific input conditions, or qualifying materials against performance specifications. Caution should be used when attempting to compare data from different methods or when using such data for predicting in-package performance. Depending upon the particular materials of concern, correlation of such data (from among differing procedures or for predicting in–package performance) may be highly variable.
Note 1: Alternative and related method for possible consideration is Test Method D4168.  
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