ASTM F2680-17

Standard Test Methods and Specifications for Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release. This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to tool-operated wheel fastening systems. Primary retention and secondary retention tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods and specifications cover the standard for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release.  
1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to tool-operated wheel retention systems.  
1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the performance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with the focus on preventing unintended wheel separation and prevention of unintended contact of the retention system with the disc brake rotor or wheel.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2017
• ICS: 43.150 - Cycles
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.10 - Bicycles

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM F833-21 - Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and Strollers
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F2680 −17 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods and Specifications for
1
Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.3 direction of removal of the wheel from the fork,
n—direction, when both primary and secondary wheel reten-
1.1 These test methods and specifications cover the standard
tion systems are disengaged, that provides the least resistance
for front wheel retention systems for all bicycles equipped with
to wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.
manually operated retention systems such as a quick release.
2.1.4 disc brake, n—a brake that uses a caliper to squeeze a
1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with
pair of pads against a disc brake rotor in order to create friction
manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to
that slows and stops the rotation of the wheel assembly.
tool-operated wheel retention systems.
2.1.5 disc brake rotor, n—the component of a disc brake
1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the perfor-
against which the brake pads are pressed in order to stop. The
mance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with
rotor is attached to the wheel hub.
the focus on preventing unintended wheel separation and
prevention of unintended contact of the retention system with 2.1.6 dropout (fork end), n—fork component used to
the disc brake rotor or wheel.
support, or mount, the front wheel at the axle.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2.1.7 manually operated, adj—without the use of tools.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.1.8 primary retention, n—system that keeps the bicycle
standard.
wheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.1.9 primary retention system in the unlocked position,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
n—position where, (1) if a quick release cam is used, the cam
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is opened as far as possible or (2) if a turning style system such
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
as a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used, the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
manual lever is loosened 360°.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
2.1.10 quick release assembly, n—lever-actuated cam
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the mechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheel to
the bicycle fork.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.1.10.1 Discussion—The assembly generally consists of a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. lever (actuating the cam mechanism), adjusting nut and springs
(two, optional).
2. Terminology
2.1.11 secondary retention, n—system that retains the bi-
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cycle wheel in the dropouts when the primary retention system
2.1.1 adult bicycle, n—bicycle designed for, and marketed
is in the open (unlocked) position.
to, adult riders.
2.1.12 wheel hub, n—assembly consisting of an axle con-
2.1.2 bicycle fork (fork), n—structure between the head tube
nected by bearings to a hub shell, to which the spokes attach,
and front hub axle, including some or all of the following
and permitting the shell to revolve around the axle.
components;thesteerertube,crown,forkblades,tripleclamps,
shock absorbers, lower tubes, upper tubes and dropouts (fork
3. Performance Requirements
ends).
3.1 Bicycles equipped with a manually operated primary
retention system shall be equipped with a secondary retention.
1
These test methods and specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM
Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are the
3.2 The primary retention shall prevent relative motion
direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.
between the front wheel axle and the front fork dropouts when
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally
tested by the methods described in 4.1.1 and as shown in Fig.
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2680 – 09 (2014).
DOI: 10
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2680 − 09 (Reapproved 2014) F2680 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for Test Methods and Specifications for
Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems
1
for Bicycles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers These test methods and specifications cover the standard for front wheel retention systems for all
bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release.
1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to
tool-operated wheel fasteningretention systems.
1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the performance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with the
focus on preventing unintended wheel separation.separation and prevention of unintended contact of the retention system with the
disc brake rotor or wheel.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 adult bicycle, n—bicycle designed for, and marketed to, adult riders.
2.1.2 bicycle fork (fork), n—mechanismstructure between the head tube and front hub axle, including some or all of the
following components; the steerer tube, crown, fork blades, triple clamps, shock absorbers, lower tubes, upper tubes and dropouts
(fork ends).
2.1.3 direction of removal of the wheel from the fork, n—direction, when both primary and secondary wheel retention systems
are disengaged, that provides the least resistance to wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.
2.1.4 disc brake, n—a brake that uses a caliper to squeeze a pair of pads against a disc brake rotor in order to create friction
that slows and stops the rotation of the wheel assembly.
2.1.5 disc brake rotor, n—the component of a disc brake against which the brake pads are pressed in order to stop. The rotor
is attached to the wheel hub.
2.1.6 dropout (fork end), n—fork component used to support, or mount, the front wheel at the axle.
2.1.7 manually operated, adj—without the use of tools.
2.1.8 primary retention, n—system that keeps the bicycle wheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.
2.1.9 primary retention system in the unlocked position, n—position where, (1) if a quick release cam is used, the cam is opened
as far as possible or (2) if a turning style system such as a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used, the manual lever
is loosened 360°.
1
This specification is These test methods and specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
and isare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2017. Published May 2014October 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
F2680 – 09.F2680 – 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/F2680-09R14.10.1520/F2680-17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2680 − 17
2.1.10 quick release mechanism,assembly, n—lever-actuated cam mechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheel
to the bicycle fork.
2.1.10.1 Discussion—
The assembly generally consists of a lever (actuating the cam mechanism), adjusting nut and springs (two, optional).
2.1.11 secondary retention, n—system that retains the bicycle wheel in the dropouts when the primary retention system
...