ASTM F457-04(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Speed and Distance Calibration of Fifth Wheel Equipped With Either Analog or Digital Instrumentation
Standard Test Method for Speed and Distance Calibration of Fifth Wheel Equipped With Either Analog or Digital Instrumentation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for calibration of speed and distance measurement systems used on tire test vehicles and tire test trailers, or any land-based vehicle that contacts the road and that uses a trailing-wheel system for measurement of speed and distance. This test method applies only to hard, dry, smooth surfaces and is not accurate for highly curved vehicle paths. This test method does not encompass optical types of devices.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of vehicle speed and cumulative distance traveled using a device termed a fifth wheel and using appropriate associated instrumentation.
1.2 This test method also describes the calibration technique applicable to digital or analog speed and distance measurement systems employing a fifth wheel.
1.3 The values stated in SI (millimetre-kilogram) units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F457 − 04 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Speed and Distance Calibration of Fifth Wheel Equipped
With Either Analog or Digital Instrumentation
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF457;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 The fifth wheel assembly and signal transducer(s) are
attached to the vehicle or the test trailer so that the fifth wheel
1.1 This test method covers the determination of vehicle
remains in contact with the normal roadway surface while the
speed and cumulative distance traveled using a device termed
equipment is in motion. The rotation of this wheel is detected
a fifth wheel and using appropriate associated instrumentation.
in a suitable manner and is translated into measurements of
1.2 Thistestmethodalsodescribesthecalibrationtechnique
vehicle speed and distance with auxiliary equipment.
applicabletodigitaloranalogspeedanddistancemeasurement
4.3 Thespeedistobecommunicatedtothevehicleoperator
systems employing a fifth wheel.
at all times, and should be visible without undue distraction or
1.3 The values stated in SI (millimetre-kilogram) units are
a requirement for physical movement on the part of the
to be regarded as the standard.
operator.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.4 Fifth wheel calibration is performed by operating the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
device at a fixed speed over a known distance and comparing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the speed and distance readout to a known speed and distance.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific 5. Significance and Use
precautionary statements, see Section 7.
5.1 This test method may be used for calibration of speed
and distance measurement systems used on tire test vehicles
2. Referenced Documents
andtiretesttrailers,oranyland-basedvehiclethatcontactsthe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
road and that uses a trailing-wheel system for measurement of
F538Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
speed and distance. This test method applies only to hard, dry,
formance of Tires
smooth surfaces and is not accurate for highly curved vehicle
F1082Practice for Tires—Determining Precision for Test
paths. This test method does not encompass optical types of
Method Standards (Withdrawn 2005)
devices.
3. Terminology 6. Apparatus
3.1 Refer to Terminology F538.
6.1 Fifth Wheel—The fifth-wheel assembly shall be of
sufficient mechanical integrity to withstand long periods of
4. Summary of Test Method
sustained operation with minimal maintenance. The wheel
vertical pivot assembly shall be sufficient to permit directional
4.1 Vehicle speed and distance determinations are made by
changes without inducing lateral skidding of the fifth-wheel
use of a fifth wheel, signal transducer(s), and compatible
tire. The fifth-wheel assembly shall be equipped with a
display devices.
suspension capable of minimizing bounce and wheel hop, due
to roadway irregularities, to the extent necessary to ensure
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires
measurement accuracy. The wheel shall be equipped with a
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities
suitable tire, preferably of a straight-ribbed design. The tires
and Calibration.
shall have a minimum (new) size of 349–37 (16×1 ⁄8). Tire
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F457–04. DOI:
and wheel shall be balanced statically each time the tire is
10.1520/F0457-04R10.
replaced.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Instrumentation—Fifth-wheelsystemsshallbeequipped
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
with either analog or digital instrumentation for determining
the ASTM website.
wheel rotation. Suitable readouts shall be provided.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. 6.2.1 Analog Instrumentation:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F457 − 04 (2010)
6.2.1.1 Generator (tachometer)—The generator shall be or both, are not recommended unless equipment adjustments
coupled to the fifth wheel to produce an electrical output can be maintained within tolerances stated below, over the
proportional to the angular velocity (converted into linear expected temperature range of the instrumentation environ-
velocity expressed in km/h (mph)) of the fifth wheel. The ment.Thespeedreadoutdisplaysshallbecommunicatedtothe
generator output shall be continuously proportional to the vehicleoperatoratalltimeswithoutcausingunduedistractions
rotational velocity within the required tolerance.The generator orrequiringphysicalmovementonthepartoftheoperator.The
output shall be biased after engineering unit conversion by an minimum increment of the digital speed readout shall be 1
amount less than or equal to 0.5% of the converted speed, or km/h, if the readout displays in km/h, or 1 mph, if the readout
0.3 km/h (0.2 mph), whichever is greater. The generator displays in mph.
responsetochangesinspeedshallnotexceed0.5sthroughput.
6.3 Tire Pressure, to be accurate to 3 kPa (0.5 psi).
Generator operation shall not be degraded by direct or con-
6.4 Stopwatch (required only for analog instrumented fifth
densed moisture, road film, petroleum residue, dust, salt, or
wheel).
other environmental contaminates and ambient temperature
extremes.
7. Safety Precautions
6.2.1.2 Speed Readout—The display shall measure the gen-
7.1 Fifth-wheelassembliesshallbeinspectedperiodicallyto
erator output and display the output as kilometres per hour
assure security of attachment. A safety chain is recommended
(miles per hour). The generator output readout shall be
to prevent loss under extreme operating conditions. Wheel
equippedwithalowpassactivefilterthatwillreducetheripple
assemblies should not be subjected to undue side forces, or
output of the generator to less than or equal to 1% of the
other conditions that may either impair accuracy or present a
measured signal or 0.8 km/h (0.5 mph) peak to peak, which-
hazard to adjacent vehicles.
ever is greater. The maximum propagation delay of the
filter/readout combination shall not exceed 0.5 s. The readout
8. Calibration Procedure
shall be biased to an amount less than or equal to 1.0% of the
true speed, 0.5 km/h (0.3 mph), whichever is greater. 8.1 Since analog instrumentation measures fifth-wheel an-
gular velocity and digital instrumentation measures angular
6.2.1.3 Distance Readout—The distance measuring device
displacement, follow different calibration procedures for each
shall consist of a counter actuated by the fifth wheel with an
system. In either case, accomplish calibration by adjustments
output of at least 31 counts per metre (10 counts per foot).
of electronics rather than tire pressure or other mechanical
Distance traveled is calculated by multiplying the distance per
means.Adjustment of tire pressure may affect the dynamics of
pulse by the number of pulses indicated. The count shall be
the fifth-wheel suspension and may disrupt optimum tire-road
restorable to zero and possess sufficient digit capacity to
contact. However, small tire inflation pressure changes less
minimize the need for recycling the count during testing. The
than 5 psi may be used for small recalibration adjustments.
analog integration of an electrical generator signal to yield a
distance measurement is not recommended. The distance
8.2 Fifth-Wheel Preparation:
measuringdeviceshallhaveacapabilityofaresolutionof8cm
8.2.1 Install the fifth wheel according to the manufacturer’s
(3 in.).
instructionsandasnearaspossibletothemid-trackpositionof
6.2.2 Digital Instrumentation:
the vehicle.
8.2.2 Adjust the fifth-wheel tire pressure to the manufactur-
6.2.2.1 Transducer—The digital transducer shall produce a
periodic electrical signal whose period is some integer fraction er’s specification.
8.2.3 It is common practice that the fifth wheel be prepared
of the revolution rate of the fifth wheel, and there shall be a
minimum of ten signal counts per 0.3 m (1 ft) of travel of the for testing by running at least 8 km (5 miles) at approximately
64 km/h (40 mph) immediately before use. Normal travel in
fifth wheel along the vehicle path. The transducer shall be
preparation for calibration fulfills this requirement.
capable of providing the periodic electrical signals at speeds
from zero to the maximum speed necessary for the test being
8.3 Analog Calibration—The ultimate accuracy of speed
conducted. Transducer operation shall not be degraded by
measurements is determined principally by the accuracy to
direct or condensed moisture, road film, petroleum residue,
which the speed per volt or current calibration can be estab-
dust, salt, or other environmental contaminates and ambient
lishedandhowconstantthiscalibrationremainsovertherange
temperature extremes.
of speed and over time.The accuracy of the distance measure-
6.2.2.2 Distance Readout—The distance display presented
ment is dependent primarily upon the accuracy to which the
to the operator shall consist of a digital number representing
distance traveled per revolution of the fifth wheel can be
the distance traveled. The use of analog integration is not
determined. The number of fifth wheel revolut
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