ASTM D1429-95(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine
Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the specific gravity of water and brine free of separable oil, as follows: Sections Test Method A-Pycnometer 7 to 11 Test Method B-Balance 12 to 16 Test Method C-Erlenmeyer Flask 17 to 20 Test Method D-Hydrometer 21 to 25
1.2 Test Methods A and B are applicable to clear waters or those containing only a moderate amount of particulate matter. Test Method B is preferred for samples of sea water or brines and is more sensitive than Test Method D which has the same general application. Test Method C is intended for samples of water containing mud or sludge.
1.3 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 The test method was tested at 22°C over a range, shown in Tables 1 through 4, of 1.0252 through 1.2299; all data were corrected to 15.6°C (60°F).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1429 – 95 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Methods for
Specific Gravity of Water and Brine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1429; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 brine—water that contains dissolved matter at an
approximate concentration of more than 30 000 mg/L.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in these test methods,
specific gravity of water and brine free of separable oil, as
refer to Terminology D 1129.
follows:
Sections
4. Significance and Use
Test Method A—Pycnometer 7 to 11
Test Method B—Balance 12 to 16
4.1 Specific gravity is an important property of fluids being
Test Method C—Erlenmeyer Flask 17 to 20
related to density and viscosity. Knowing the specific gravity
Test Method D—Hydrometer 21 to 25
will allow determination of a fluid’s characteristics compared
1.2 Test Methods A and B are applicable to clear waters or
to a standard, usually water, at a specified temperature. This
those containing only a moderate amount of particulate matter.
will allow the user to determine if the test fluid will be heavier
Test Method B is preferred for samples of sea water or brines
or lighter than the standard fluid.
and is more sensitive than Test Method D which has the same
general application. Test Method C is intended for samples of 5. Reagents
water containing mud or sludge.
5.1 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
1.3 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
to Specification D 1193, Type II.
1.4 The test method was tested at 22°C over a range, shown
6. Sampling
in Tables 1-4, of 1.0252 through 1.2299; all data were corrected
to 15.6°C (60°F).
6.1 Collect the samples in accordance with Practices
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 3370 and Practice D 1066.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6.2 In view of the lack of a standard test method for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sampling mud or sludge, no instructions are given for sampling
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
this type of material.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TEST METHOD A—PYCNOMETER
2. Referenced Documents
7. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7.1 The sample is introduced into a pycnometer, stabilized
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
at the desired temperature, and weighed. The specific gravity is
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
calculated from this weight and the previously determined
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
weight of reagent water that is required to fill the pycnometer
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
at the same temperature.
duits
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
8. Apparatus
3. Terminology
8.1 Bath—Constant-temperature bath designed to maintain
a temperature of 15.6 6 1°C (60 6 1.8°F). If any other
3.1 Definitions:
temperature must be used due to local conditions, appropriate
corrections shall be made.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on
8.2 Pycnometer—Cylindrical or conical glass vessel care-
Water, and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
fully ground to receive an accurately fitting 24/12 standard
Constituents in Water.
taper glass stopper provided with a hole approximately 1.0 to
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originally
published as D 1429 – 56. Last previous edition D 1429 – 94.
2.0 mm in diameter, centrally located in reference to the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
vertical axis. The top surface of the stopper shall be smooth and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 1429 – 95 (1999)
TABLE 4 Determination of Bias, Hydrometer Method
substantially plane, and the lower surface shall be concave in
order to allow all air to escape through the bore. The height of Statistically
Specific Gravity
Calculated Specific Significant
the concave section shall be approximately 5 mm at the center.
Experimentally 6 %Bias
Gravity (95 % Confidence
Determined
The stoppered pycnometer shall have a capacity of about 24 to
Level)
30 mL, and shall weigh not more than 40 g. Suitable pycnom-
1.0247 1.0256 + 0.088 no
eters are shown in Fig. 1 .
1.0648 1.0647 −0.099 no
1.1100 1.1106 + 0.054 no
1.2299 1.2207 −0.74 yes
TABLE 1 Determination of Bias, Pycnometer Method
Statistically
Specific Gravity
Calculated Specific Significant
8.3 Thermometer—An ASTM Gravity Thermometer having
Experimentally 6 %Bias
Gravity (95 % Confidence
Determined
a range from − 20 to + 102°C or − 5 to + 215°F, as specified,
Level)
and conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 12C or
1.0247 1.0262 −0.049 yes
12F, respectively, as prescribed in Specification E 1.
1.0648 1.0665 + 0.16 yes
1.1100 1.1119 + 0.17 yes
1.2299 1.2235 −0.52 yes
9. Procedure
9.1 Weigh a clean, dry, calibrated pycnometer, complete
with stopper, on an analytical balance, and record this weight
TABLE 2 Determination of Bias, Balance Method
to the nearest 0.1 mg, as P.
Statistically
9.2 Remove the stopper and fill the pycnometer with re-
Specific Gravity
Calculated Specific Significant
Experimentally 6 %Bias
cently boiled reagent water that has been cooled to room
Gravity (95 % Confidence
Determined
Level) temperature, to within several millimetres of the top. Remove
the air bubbles. Immerse the unstoppered pycnometer up to the
1.0247 1.0264 −0.166 yes
1.0648 1.0657 + 0.084 yes
neck in a constant-temperature bath maintained at 15.6 6 1°C
1.1100 1.1126 + 0.234 yes
(60 6 1.8°F). Allow the pycnometer to remain in the bath for
1.2299 1.2233 −0.539 yes
a period of time sufficient to establish temperature equilibrium.
Twenty minutes is usually sufficient.
TABLE 3 Determination of Bias, Erlenmeyer Flask Method
9.3 After temperature equilibrium has been established, and
Statistically
before removing from the bath, firmly insert the stopper and
Specific Gravity
Calculated Specific Significant
Experimentally 6 %Bias
remove the excess water from the top of the stopper, taking
Gravity (95 % Confidence
Determined
Level)
care to leave the capillary filled. Remove the stoppered
1.0247 1.026 + 0.126 yes pycnometer from the bath and wipe it dry. Immediately weigh
1.0648 1.066 + 0.169 yes
the pycnometer, and record this weight to the nearest 0.1 mg,
1.1100 1.1121 + 0.74 no
as W.
1.2299 1.2225 −0.60 yes
9.4 Empty the reagent water from the pycnometer and dry,
or rinse with the sample to be tested.
9.5 Using the sample to be tested, repeat the procedure in
accordance with 9.2 and 9.3, recording the weight of the
pycnometer containing the sample under test as S.
10. Calculation
10.1 Calculate the specific gravity of the sample as follows:
Specific gravity 5 ~S2P!/~W2P!
where:
P = weight of the empty pycnometer,
S = weight of the pycnometer and contained sample, and
W = weight of the pycnometer and contained reagent
water.
11. Precision and Bias
11.1 The overall precision (S ) and single operator precision
t
(S ) of this test method within their designated ranges vary
o
FIG. 1 Suitable Pycnometers with quantity being tested in accordance with Fig. 2.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 1429 – 95 (1999)
FIG. 2 Interlaboratory Precision for Specific Gravity of Brines by Pycnometer Method
11.2 The bias for this test method, shown in Table 1, was 15. Calculation
produced in prepared standards by six laboratories in triplicate
15.1 Calculate the specific gravity of the sample as follows:
for four concentrations. The concentration range covered was
d
1.0247 to 1.2299.
Specific gravity 5
d
TEST METHOD B—BALANCE
where:
d = difference in weight in air and in reagent water, and
12. Summary of Test Method
d = difference in
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.