ASTM E1474-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the time to sustained flaming and heat release of materials and composites exposed to a prescribed initial test heat flux in the cone calorimeter apparatus.
5.2 Quantitative heat release measurements provide information that can be used for upholstery and mattress product designs and product development.
5.3 Heat release measurements provide useful information for product development by yielding a quantitative measure of specific changes in fire performance caused by component and composite modifications. Heat release data from this test method will not be predictive of product behavior if the product does not spread flame over its surface under the fire exposure conditions of interest.
5.4 Test Limitations—The test data are invalid if either of the following conditions occur: (1) explosive spalling; or (2) the specimen swells sufficiently prior to ignition to touch the spark plug, or the specimen swells up to the plane of the heater base during combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial test heat flux of 35 kW/m2. This test method is also suitable to obtain heat release data at different heating fluxes. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E1354.
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E1474 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture
and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench
1
Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thistestmethodprovidesameansformeasuringtheignitiontimeandheatreleaseofthecomposite
upholstered components of upholstered furniture and mattresses using an oxygen consumption
calorimeter.
1. Scope* assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
actual fire conditions.
1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determinetheignitabilityandheatreleasefromthecomposites
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consump-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tion calorimeter.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time
For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
2
test heat flux of 35 kW/m .This test method is also suitable to
conducting these tests.
obtain heat release data at different heating fluxes. The speci-
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
men is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
used.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effec-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tiveheatofcombustionaredeterminedusingtheapparatusand mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
procedures described in Test Method E1354.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens
2. Referenced Documents
combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Frame elements are not included.
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D5865Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Coke
only.
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
E603Guide for Room Fire Experiments
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the
E906Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
Method
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
E1354Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
sumption Calorimeter
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and
2
Combustion Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published January 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1474-14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1474-20. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1474 − 20
2.2 Other Documents: 3.1.6.1 Discussion—The initial test heat flux is the heat flux
CA TB 133,Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Fur- value commonly used when describing or setting test condi-
3
niture for Use in Public Occupancies tions.
ISO 5725Part 2, Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of
3.1.7 oxygen consumption principle, n—the expression of
Measurement Methods and Results—Basic Method for
the relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed during
the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of
combustion and the heat released.
4
a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1474 − 14 E1474 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture
and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench
1
Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method provides a means for measuring the ignition time and heat release of the composite
upholstered components of upholstered furniture and mattresses using an oxygen consumption
calorimeter.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract,
institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.
1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release,
2
and effective heat of combustion at a constant initial test heat flux of 35 kW/m . This test method is also suitable to obtain heat
release data at different heating fluxes. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.
1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and
procedures described in Test Method E1354.
1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame
elements are not included.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.
1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
Products.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2020. Published May 2014January 2020. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20102014 as
E1474 - 10.E1474 - 14. DOI: 10.1520/E1474-14.10.1520/E1474-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1474 − 20
E603 Guide for Room Fire Experiments
E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption
Calorimeter
2.2 Other Documents:
3
CA TB 133, Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furniture for Use in Public Occupancies
ISO 5725 Part 2, Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) o
...
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