ASTM D1640/D1640M-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods can be used to determine the various stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of organic coatings for comparing types of coatings, assessing the impact of compositional changes on drying time, or for assessing drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low temperature can significantly slow the drying rate of coatings so low temperature curing agents, catalysts and/or accelerators are often available to aid drying and film formation under cooler temperatures. Method B is designed to evaluate these components and/or to determine the effect of cooler temperatures on drying rates. Conversely, the drying/curing rate of certain coatings can be accelerated under elevated temperature/humidity conditions, while others may be adversely impacted by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluate the effects of elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and coatings. The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and film formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.
3.2 Test Methods A, B and C are limited to a comparison of paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates and do not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle into the substrate material.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of organic coatings under laboratory controlled conditions of air temperature, (low, ambient and/or elevated) and/or humidity. Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing conditions of temperature and humidity in the shop and field are also described.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1640/D1640M − 14
Standard Test Methods for
1
Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1640/D1640M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 3.1 These test methods can be used to determine the various
various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or
stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of
curing of organic coatings under laboratory controlled condi-
organic coatings for comparing types of coatings, assessing the
tions of air temperature, (low, ambient and/or elevated) and/or
impact of compositional changes on drying time, or for
humidity. Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing
assessing drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low tem-
conditions of temperature and humidity in the shop and field
perature can significantly slow the drying rate of coatings so
are also described.
lowtemperaturecuringagents,catalystsand/oracceleratorsare
often available to aid drying and film formation under cooler
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
temperatures. Method B is designed to evaluate these compo-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
nents and/or to determine the effect of cooler temperatures on
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
drying rates. Conversely, the drying/curing rate of certain
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
coatings can be accelerated under elevated temperature/
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
humidity conditions, while others may be adversely impacted
with the standard.
by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluate the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
effects of elevated temperature and relative humidity condi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
coatings. The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and film
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Test MethodsA, B and C are limited to a comparison of
2. Referenced Documents paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates
and do not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
into the substrate material.
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
4. Substrate, Coating Application Method and Film
D4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by
Thicknesses
Notch Gages
4.1 Obtain agreement between the contracting parties as to
2.2 ISO Standards:
the substrate, wet film thickness (WFT), and application
ISO9117–4 Paintsandvarnishes—Determinationofdrying
method for testing the specific coating involved.The product is
— Part 4: Method using a mechanical recorder
tested as manufactured (without reducer, unless otherwise
agreed upon by contracting parties). Unless otherwise agreed,
the thickness of the cast film shall conform to the coating
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
manufacturer’s product data sheet. If the wet film thickness is
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint
not stated on the manufacturer’s product data sheet, it can be
Films.
calculated using the formula in 4.1.1 based on the manufac-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published February 2015. Originally
turer’s recommended dry film thickness (DFT) and percent
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1640 – 03 (2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D1640_D1640M-14.
non-volatile by volume (% solids by volume). If this informa-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tion is not provided, contact the coating manufacturer to obtain
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the recommended wet film thickness for testing.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4.1.1 WFT5 DFT ÷ % Solids by Volume
~ !
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1640 − 03 (Reapproved 2009) D1640/D1640M − 14
Standard Test Methods for
Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at
1
Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1640;D1640/D1640M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of
organic coatings normally used underunder laboratory controlled conditions of ambient room temperature.air temperature, (low,
ambient and/or elevated) and/or humidity. Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing conditions of temperature and humidity
in the shop and field are also described.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1005D4414 Test Method Practice for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersWet Film
Thickness by Notch Gages
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 9117–4 Paints and varnishes — Determination of drying — Part 4: Method using a mechanical recorder
3. Significance and Use
3.1 These test methods are can be used to determine the various stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of organic
coatings for the purpose of comparing types of coatings or ingredient changes, or both. This is significant in the development of
organic coatings for various end uses and also for production quality control.coatings, assessing the impact of compositional
changes on drying time, or for assessing drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low temperature can significantly slow the drying
rate of coatings so low temperature curing agents, catalysts and/or accelerators are often available to aid drying and film formation
under cooler temperatures. Method B is designed to evaluate these components and/or to determine the effect of cooler
temperatures on drying rates. Conversely, the drying/curing rate of certain coatings can be accelerated under elevated
temperature/humidity conditions, while others may be adversely impacted by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluate
the effects of elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and coatings.
The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and film formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.
3.2 Test Methods A, B and C are limited to a comparison of paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates and
do not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle into the substrate material.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2014. Published August 2009February 2015. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D1640 – 03.D1640 – 03 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D1640-03R09.10.1520/D1640_D1640M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1640/D1640M − 14
4. Coatings and Reco
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