ASTM D6560-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest molecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio normally occurring in crude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual material. They may give problems during storage and handling if the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed through excess stress or incompatibility. They are also the last molecules in a product to combust completely, and thus may be one indicator of black smoke propensity. Their composition normally includes a disproportionately high quantity of the sulfur, nitrogen, and metals present in the crude petroleum or petroleum product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil, diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of 260 °C (see A1.2.1.1).
1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 % m/m and 30.0 % m/m. Values outside this range may still be valid but may not give the same precision values.
1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6560 −17
Designation: IP 143⁄01
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude
1,2
Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
tion of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil,
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
crude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
260°C (see A1.2.1.1).
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.2 The precision is applicable to values between D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
0.50%m⁄m and 30.0%m⁄m. Values outside this range may Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
still be valid but may not give the same precision values.
Petroleum Products
1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 asphaltenes, n—(rarely used in the singular) — in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
petroleum technology, represent an oil fraction that is soluble
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in a specified aromatic solvent but separates upon addition of
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
an excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the aromatic sol-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
vent is hot toluene and the paraffinic solvent is heptane.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Historically, benzene was the aromatic
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
solvent, but benzene is not typically used now for health
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
reasons. The precision of this test method when using toluene
has been found to be the same as when using benzene.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test portion of the sample is mixed with heptane and
the mixture heated under reflux, and the precipitated
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
asphaltenes, waxy substances, and inorganic material are
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published March 2018. Originally
3
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6560–12. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D6560-17. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
This standard is based on material published in the IP Standard methods for Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000 the ASTM website.
4
Parts, copyright Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR. Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIM 8AR,
Adapted with permission of Energy Institute. UK.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6560 − 17
collected on a filter paper. The waxy substances are removed
by washing with hot heptane in an extractor.
4.2 After removal of the waxy substances, the asphaltenes
are separated from the inorganic material by dissolution in hot
toluene, the extraction solvent is evaporated, and the as-
phaltenes weighed.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest mo-
lecular mass a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6560 − 12 D6560 − 17
Designation: IP 143 ⁄01
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude
1,2
Petroleum and Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil, diesel fuel,
residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of 260°C260 °C (see
A1.2.1.1).
1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.500.50 % m ⁄m and 30.0 %30.0 % m m/m. ⁄m. Values outside this range may
still be valid but may not give the same precision values.
1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
4
2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 asphaltenes, n—(rarely used in the singular) — in petroleum technology, represent an oil fraction that is soluble in a
specified aromatic solvent but separates upon addition of an excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability Stability, Cleanliness and CleanlinessCompatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012Dec. 1, 2017. Published May 2012March 2018. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 as
D6560–00(2005).D6560 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D6560-12.10.1520/D6560-17.
2
This standard is based on material published in the IP Standard methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000 Parts,
copyright Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR. Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIM 8AR, UK.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6560 − 17
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
In this test method, the aromatic solvent is hot toluene and the paraffinic solvent is heptane.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—
Historically, benzene was the aromatic solvent, but benzene is not typically used now for health reasons. The precision of this test
method when using toluene has been found to be the same as when using benzene.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test portion of the sample is mixed with heptane and the mixture heated under reflux, and the precipitated asphaltenes,
waxy substances, and inorganic mater
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.