ASTM A931-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tension tests are generally to be performed on new wire ropes. The use of wire rope in any application can reduce individual wire strengths due to abrasion and nicking that will result in the wire rope strength being reduced. Damage to the outer wires will also lower the maximum strength achieved during tension testing.
4.2 The modulus of elasticity of wire rope is not considered to be a standard requirement at this time. The determination of this material property requires specialized equipment and techniques.
4.3 Rope to be tested should be thoroughly examined to verify that no external wire damage is present. If present, it should be noted. When possible, a new undamaged sample should be obtained for testing.
4.4 End attachments and their installation can directly affect breaking force achieved during testing. Any attachment that can be used to directly achieve the required rope breaking force can be used. Standard testing with a poured socket, using zinc, white metal or thermoset resin, has been considered the most efficient. Proficiency in attachment of any fitting can have a direct effect on the final test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of wire ropes and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the measured breaking force, yield strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity. Methods described in this standard are not intended for other purposes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1 and Note 2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A931 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of wire ropes
[Metric] E0008_E0008M
and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the
3
measuredbreakingforce,yieldstrength,elongation,andmodu- 2.2 ISO Standard
lus of elasticity. Methods described in this standard are not ISO 17558 Specification for Steel Wire Ropes – Socketing
intended for other purposes. Procedures – Molten Metal and Resin Socketing
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 3.1 The terminology relating to tensile testing in Terminol-
and are not considered standard.
ogy E6 applies to this test method. In addition, the following
definitions for wire rope will apply:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 abrasion, n—frictional surface wear on the wires of a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
wire rope.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 aggregate area, n—see area, metallic.
Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1 and Note
3.2.3 aggregate strength, n—thestrengthderivedbytotaling
2.
the individual breaking strengths of the elements of the strand
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
or rope. This strength does not give recognition to the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
reduction in strength resulting from the angularity of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
elements in the rope, or other factors that may affect efficiency.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.4 area, metallic, n—sum of the cross-sectional areas of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
all wires either in a wire rope or in a strand.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.5 breaking force, n—the maximum load at which a
2. Referenced Documents
tensile failure occurs in the sample of wire rope being tested.
2
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The term breaking force is synony-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mous with actual strength.
A586 Specification for Zinc-Coated Parallel and Helical
Steel Wire Structural Strand
3.2.6 cable, n—a term loosely applied to wire rope, wire
A603 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Structural Wire
strand, and electrical conductors.
Rope
3.2.7 center, n—the axial member of a strand about which
A1023/A1023M Specification for Stranded Carbon Steel
the wires are laid.
Wire Ropes for General Purposes
3.2.8 classification, n—group or family designation based
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
onwireropeconstructionswithcommonstrengthsandweights
listed under the broad designation.
1
3.2.9 construction, n—geometric design description of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
wire rope’s cross section. This includes the number of strands,
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
the number of wires per strand, and the pattern of wire
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally
arrangement in each strand.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A931 – 08 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/A0931-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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A931 − 18
3.2.10 c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A931 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) A931 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of wire ropes and strand at room temperature, specifically to determine the
measured breaking force, yield strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity. Methods described in this standard are not intended
for other purposes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 1 and Note 2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A586 Specification for Zinc-Coated Parallel and Helical Steel Wire Structural Strand
A603 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Structural Wire Rope
A1023/A1023M Specification for Stranded Carbon Steel Wire Ropes for General Purposes
B6 Specification for Zinc
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric] E0008_E0008M
3
2.2 ISO Standard
ISO 17558 Specification for Steel Wire Ropes – Socketing Procedures – Molten Metal and Resin Socketing
3. Terminology
3.1 The terminology relating to tensile testing in Terminology E6 applies to this test method. In addition, the following
definitions for wire rope will apply:
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 abrasion—abrasion, n—frictional surface wear on the wires of a wire rope.
3.2.2 aggregate area—area, n—see area, metallic.
3.2.3 aggregate strength—strength, n—the strength derived by totaling the individual breaking strengths of the elements of the
strand or rope. This strength does not give recognition to the reduction in strength resulting from the angularity of the elements
in the rope, or other factors that may affect efficiency.
3.2.4 area, metallic—metallic, n—sum of the cross-sectional areas of all wires either in a wire rope or in a strand.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03
on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013Sept. 1, 2018. Published April 2013September 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
A931 – 08.A931 – 08 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/A0931-08R13.10.1520/A0931-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A931 − 18
3.2.5 breaking force—force, n—the maximum load at which a tensile failure occurs in the sample of wire rope being tested.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
The term breaking force is synonymous with actual strength.
3.2.6 cable—cable, n—a term loosely applied to wire rope, wire strand, and electrical conductors.
3.2.7 center—center, n—the axial member of a strand about which the wires are laid.
3.2.8 classification—classification, n—group or family designation bas
...
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