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ASTM D6194-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials

Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm.
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat transfer between adjacent parts.
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.
Note 1—Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2003
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6194-97 - Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D6194-04 - Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3020-22 - Standard Practice for Ignition Sources
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3874-20 - Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
Effective Date
01-Oct-2003

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ASTM D6194-03 - Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6194 – 03
Standard Test Method for
1
Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature 2.1 ASTM Standards:
required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect E 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by
to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated Comparison Techniques
source. E 230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm. IEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI), The
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition Modernized Metric System
behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the 2.2 IEC Standard:
design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat IEC 60695-2-13: Fire Hazard Testing—Section 20:
transfer between adjacent parts. Glowing/Hot-Wire Based Test Methods—Glow-Wire Coil
3
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or Ignitability Test Method for Materials
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under IEC 60695-4: Fire Hazard Testing—Part 4: Terminology
3
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all Concerning Fire Tests
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the 2.3 ISO Standard:
4
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. ISO 13943: Fire Safety—Vocabulary
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)
3.1 Definitions:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 Use Terminology E 176, ISO 13943, and IEC 60695-4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- for definitions of terms used in this test method and associated
with fire issues. Where differences exist in definitions, those
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific contained in Terminology E 176 shall be used. Use Terminol-
ogy D 1711 for definitions of terms used in this test method and
precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.7 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently associated with electrical insulation materials.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property
shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing 3.2.1 glow wire, n—a wire of specified dimensions that can
be controllably-heated electrically to determine ignitability of a
involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.
material.
NOTE 1—Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Fig. 1 shows a glow wire and its
approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equiva-
positioning.
lent.
3.2.2 ignition, n—initiation of combustion.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on the ASTM website.
3
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 Rue de
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests. Varembe, Geneva, Switzerland.
4
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally Use undyed, soft, strong, lightweight tissue paper weighing between 12 and 30
2
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 6194 – 97. g/m .
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6194–03
NOTE 1—All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG. 1 Glow-Wire and Positioning of the Thermocouple
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Ignition is deemed to have taken place 5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or
when the first of the following occurs
...

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5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the adjacent insulation material.  
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1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
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1.3 The tests are conducted by burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable test specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to radiant heat.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.  
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Standard Test Method for Flammability of Electrical Insulating Materials Intended for Wires or Cables When Burning in Horizontal Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 This test method also provides a measure of the capability of the material to spread flame by dripping of flaming particles.  
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ASTM D3874-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur, under certain conditions of operation or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the insulation material.  
5.2 This test method assesses the relative resistance of electrical insulating materials to ignition by the effect of hot wire sources.  
5.3 This test method determines the average time, in seconds, required for material specimens to ignite under the specified conditions of test.  
5.4 This method is suitable to characterize materials, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.  
5.5 In this procedure the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their resistance to ignition because of their proximity to electrically-heated wires and other heat sources.2  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. (See SI10 for further details.)  
1.5 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Note 1: Although this test method and IEC TS 60695-2-20 (withdrawn) differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.  
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ASTM
ASTM D5537-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat and smoke release and resulting from burning the materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cables and installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. The ignition source used in this test method is also described as a premixed flame flaming ignition source in Practice E3020, which contains an exhaustive compilation of ignition sources.  
5.2 The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. General considerations of the importance of heat release rate are discussed in Appendix X1 and considerations for heat release calculations are in Appendix X2.  
5.3 Other fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The test method is also used for measuring smoke obscuration. The apparatus described here is also useful to measure gaseous components of smoke; the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. The carbon oxides are major indicators of the completeness of combustion and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements.  
5.4 Test Limitations:  
5.4.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
5.4.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.  
5.4.3 This is an intermediate-scale test...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the heat released and smoke obscuration by burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions. Flame propagation cable damage, by char length, and mass loss are also measured.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the heat release, smoke release, flame propagation and mass loss characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables.  
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method nor does it measure the contribution of the materials in those cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 This test equipment is suitable for measuring the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases (see Appendix X4).  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10). The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions  
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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D5424-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.  
5.2 Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility in fires.  
5.3 This test method is also suitable for measuring the rate of heat release as an optional measurement. The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. Test Method D5537 provides means for measuring heat release with the equipment used in this test method.  
5.4 Other optional fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are major indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion, and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic gases, which are specific to certain materials, are less crucial for determining combustion completeness.  
5.5 Test Limitations:  
5.5.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test method are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
5.5.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test method is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.  
5.5.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictability of its results to large scale fires has not been determined. Some information ...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays.  
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.  
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.  
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.  
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.  
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)  
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety...

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  • Standard
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