EN 14276-1:2020/prA1

Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements

This document specifies the requirements for material, design, manufacturing, testing and documentation for stationary pressure vessels intended for use in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. These systems are referenced in this document as refrigerating systems as defined in EN 378-1:2016.
The term "refrigerating system" used in this document includes heat pumps.
This document applies to vessels, including welded or brazed attachments up to and including the nozzle flanges, screwed, welded or brazed connectors, or to the edge to be welded or brazed at the first circumferential joint connecting piping or other elements.
This document applies to pressure vessels with an internal pressure down to -1 bar, to account for the evacuation of the vessel prior to charging with refrigerant.
This document applies to both the mechanical loading conditions and thermal conditions as defined in EN 13445-3:2014  associated with refrigerating systems. It applies to pressure vessels subject to the maximum allowable temperatures for which nominal design stresses for materials are derived using EN 13445-2:2014  and EN 13445-3:20141 or as specified in this document. In addition, vessels designed to this document can have a maximum allowable temperature not exceeding 200 °C and a maximum design pressure not exceeding 160 bar. Outside of these limits, it is important that the EN 13445 series be used for the design, construction and inspection of the vessel. Under these circumstances, it is important that the unique nature of refrigerating plant, as indicated in the introduction to this document, also be taken into account.
It is important that pressure vessels used in refrigerating systems and heat pumps of category less than II as defined in Annex H comply with other relevant clauses of EN 378-2:2016 for vessels.
This document applies to pressure vessels where the main pressure bearing parts are manufactured from metallic ductile materials as defined in Clause 4 and Annex I of this document.
This document does not apply to vessels of the following types:
-   vessels of riveted construction;
-   multi-layered, autofrettaged or prestressed vessels;
-   vessels directly heated by a flame;
-   "roll bond" heat exchangers.

Druckgeräte für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Teil 1: Behälter - Allgemeine Anforderungen

Équipements sous pression pour systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Partie 1 : Récipients - Exigences générales

Tlačna oprema za hladilne sisteme in toplotne črpalke - 1. del: Posode - Splošne zahteve - Dopolnilo A1

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 01-Jan-2025
• ICS: 23.020.30 - Pressure vessels, gas cylinders
• ICS: 27.080 - Heat pumps
• ICS: 27.200 - Refrigerating technology
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 182 - Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 182/WG 7 - JWG CEN/TC 182/CEN/TC 54 Pressure vessels for refrigerating systems
• Current Stage: 4060 - Closure of enquiry - Enquiry
• Start Date: 19-Oct-2023
• Due Date: 03-Nov-2023
• Completion Date: 19-Oct-2023
• Directive: 2014/68/EU - Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/071 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of Pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/601 - COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 1.3.2024 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardization and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization as regards pressure equipment and assemblies in support of Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
• Ref Project: SIST EN 14276-1:2020/oprA1:2023 - Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements

Relations

• Amends: EN 14276-1:2020 - Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements
• Effective Date: 18-May-2022

Overview

EN 14276-1:2020/prA1 (CEN) - "Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements" specifies technical requirements for the material, design, manufacturing, testing and documentation of stationary pressure vessels intended for use in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. The amendment prA1 updates references, adds brazing terminology and procedural requirements, and clarifies material and mechanical properties. The standard covers metallic, ductile pressure-bearing parts and applies to vessels with internal pressures down to –1 bar (to allow for evacuation), maximum allowable temperatures up to 200 °C and maximum design pressures up to 160 bar. Certain vessel types (riveted, multi-layered/autofrettaged/prestressed, directly flame-heated and roll-bond heat exchangers) are excluded.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability
  • Stationary pressure vessels used in refrigerating systems and heat pumps (the term “refrigerating systems” includes heat pumps as per EN 378-1).
  • Applies to welded or brazed attachments up to nozzle flanges, and to screwed, welded or brazed connectors.
• Materials
  • Main pressure-bearing parts must be manufactured from metallic, ductile materials as defined in the standard.
  • Updates to copper group classification and elongation/strength requirements; limitations and special rules for copper/copper-alloy tubing are included.
• Design and loading
  • Mechanical and thermal loading conditions are aligned with EN 13445 (pressure vessel series) for both design and allowable stresses.
  • Limits where EN 13445 must be used (above 200 °C or 160 bar) are explicitly stated.
• Manufacturing and joining
  • Welding and brazing definitions and process classifications added (manual, machine, furnace, induction, resistance, vacuum, etc.).
  • Introduction of Brazing Procedure Specification (BPS/pBPS), brazing operator roles, and brazing approval records.
• Testing, inspection and documentation
  • Non‑destructive testing (NDT) acceptance levels updated; references to EN ISO radiographic and other NDT standards included.
  • Requirements for testing pressures, documentation, and traceability to meet regulatory and PED conformity.

Practical applications and users

Who uses EN 14276-1:

• Pressure vessel designers and mechanical engineers working on refrigerating systems and heat pumps
• Manufacturers and fabricators of pressure vessels and assemblies (welders, brazers)
• Quality, testing and inspection bodies performing NDT and certification
• HVAC-R system integrators, project engineers and compliance officers ensuring PED and national regulation conformity

Practical uses:

• Specifying vessel material grades and mechanical properties for refrigerant service
• Defining welding/brazing procedures, qualification and inspection regimes
• Establishing design limits (temperature/pressure) and documentation for conformity assessment

Related standards

• EN 378 series (safety and environmental requirements for refrigerating systems)
• EN 13445 series (unfired pressure vessels) - referenced for design/analysis
• EN ISO welding and NDT standards (e.g., EN ISO 10675-2, EN ISO 6892-1)
• PED 2014/68/EU (Pressure Equipment Directive) and national implementations

Keywords: EN 14276-1, pressure vessels, refrigerating systems, heat pumps, pressure equipment, brazing, welding, EN 13445, EN 378, PED, NDT, material requirements, design pressure, maximum allowable temperature.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2023
Tlačna oprema za hladilne sisteme in toplotne črpalke - 1. del: Posode - Splošne
zahteve - Dopolnilo A1
Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels -
General requirements
Druckgeräte für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Teil 1: Behälter - Allgemeine
Anforderungen
Équipements sous pression pour systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Partie
1 : Récipients - Exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14276-1:2020/prA1
ICS:
23.020.32 Tlačne posode Pressure vessels
27.080 Toplotne črpalke Heat pumps
27.200 Hladilna tehnologija Refrigerating technology
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14276-1:2020
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
prA1
July 2023
ICS
English Version
Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat
pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements
Équipements sous pression pour systèmes de Druckgeräte für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen -
réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Partie 1 : Récipients Teil 1: Behälter - Allgemeine Anforderungen
- Exigences générales
This draft amendment is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 182.

This draft amendment A1, if approved, will modify the European Standard EN 14276-1:2020. If this draft becomes an
amendment, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
inclusion of this amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration.

This draft amendment was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14276-1:2020/prA1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
European foreword . 3
1 Modification to Clause 1 . 4
2 Modification to Clause 2 . 4
3 Modification to Clause 3 . 5
4 Modification to Clause 4 .10
5 Modification to Clause 5 .12
6 Modification to Clause 6 .13
7 Modification to Clause 7 .19
8 Modification to Clause 8 .21
9 Modification to Clause 9 .21
10 Modification to Annex B .21
11 Modification to Annex C.34
12 Modification to Annex E.35
13 Modification to Annex F .35
14 Modification to Annex G .43
15 Modification to Annex I.43
16 Modification to Annex J.45
17 Modification to Annex ZA .47

European foreword
This document (EN 14276-1:2020/prA1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee
CEN/TC 182 “Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements”, the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an
integral part of this document.
1 Modification to Clause 1
Add the following sentence at the end of the second paragraph:
The term “copper” used in this document includes copper and copper alloys.
Update the following references throughout the clause:
— EN 378-1:2016+A1:2020;
— EN 13445-3:2021;
— EN 13445-2:2021.
2 Modification to Clause 2
Update the following references:
— EN 378-1:2016+A1:2020;
— EN 378-3:2016+A1:2020;
— EN 378-4:2016+A1:2019;
— EN 12735-1:2020;
— EN 12797:2000 ;
— EN 13445-1:2021;
— EN 13445-2:2021;
— EN 13445-3:2021;
— EN 13445-4:2021;
— EN 13445-5:2021;
— EN 13445-6:2021;
— EN 13445-8:2021;
— EN ISO 2553:2019;
— EN ISO 6892-1:2019;
— EN ISO 7438:2020;
— EN ISO 15607:2019;
— EN ISO 15609-1:2019;
Document impacted by A1:2003.
— EN ISO 15609-2:2019;
— EN ISO 15614-1:2017 ;
— ISO 817:2014.
Add the following references:
— EN ISO 10675-2:2021, Non-destructive testing of welds - Acceptance levels for radiographic
testing - Part 2: Aluminium and its alloys (ISO 10675-2:2021)
— EN ISO 18279:2003, Brazing - Imperfections in brazed joints (ISO 18279:2003)
3 Modification to Clause 3
Update the following reference:
— EN 378-1:2016+A1:2020
Add the following definition:
3.1.13
brazing
joining process using filler metal with a liquidus temperature above 450 °C and lower than that of
the metals to be joined and wetting the parent metals
Replace definitions 3.1.13 to 3.1.18 with definitions 3.1.14 to 3.1.19:
3.1.14
manual brazing
brazing where the required brazing conditions are maintained by hand
3.1.15
semi-automatic brazing
brazing with equipment which controls only the brazing filler metal feed
Note 1 to entry: The advance of the brazing is manually controlled.
3.1.16
machine brazing
brazing where the required brazing conditions are maintained by mechanical or electronic means
but may be manually varied during the process
3.1.17
automatic brazing
brazing in which all operations are performed without brazing operator intervention during the
process
3.1.18
brazer
person who holds and manipulates the device for heating the brazing area by hand

Document impacted by A1:2019.
Document impacted by A1:2017 and A2:2021.
3.1.19
brazing operator
person who controls or adjusts brazing parameters for mechanized brazing or sets up brazing
parameters for automatic brazing
Add the following definitions:
3.1.20
brazing procedure specification
BPS
document that has been qualified and provides the required variables of the brazing procedure to
ensure repeatability during production brazing
3.1.21
preliminary brazing procedure specification
pBPS
document containing the required variables of the brazing procedure which is not yet qualified
3.2.22
furnace brazing
brazing in which the workpiece, complete with preplaced filler metal, is raised to brazing
temperature in a furnace which may contain a protective atmosphere
3.2.23
induction brazing
brazing in which heat is obtained by inducing medium- or high-frequency electric current within
the metal in the neighbourhood of the joint
3.2.24
resistance brazing
brazing in which heat is obtained by:
— the passage of an electric current between the parts to be joined, as in resistance welding or
— the passage of an electric current through two electrodes of metals with high resistance and
high melting point, e.g. carbon, molybdenum, tungsten, and the parts to be joined; the greater
part of the brazing heat is generated in the electrodes and conducted to the joint
3.2.25
vacuum brazing
brazing in which the workpiece, complete with preplaced filler metal, is raised to brazing
temperature in a vacuum chamber
3.2.26
braze welding
brazing in which a joint of the open type is obtained step by step, using a technique similar to
fusion welding with a filler metal, the melting temperature of which is lower than that of the
parent metal but higher than 450 °C, but neither using capillary action as in brazing nor
intentionally melting the parent metal
3.1.33
filler metal(s)
added metal required for brazed joints
3.1.34
flux
non-metallic material which, when molten, promotes wetting by removing existing oxide or other
detrimental films from the surfaces to be joined and prevents their re-formation during the joining
operation
3.1.35
governing weld joint
main full penetration butt joint, the design of which, as a result of membrane stresses, governs the
thickness of the component
Renumber the remaining definitions accordingly (3.1.19 to 3.1.24 are renumbered 3.1.36 to 3.1.41).
In Table 1, add a new column for units:
Table 1 — Symbols, descriptions and units
Symbol Description Unit
A Elongation after fracture %
A Strengthened area tube side mm
t
A Strengthened area in a tubesheet pattern mm
V
A Effective area of expanded joint mm
W
BPAR Brazing Procedure Approval Record —
BPS Brazing Procedure Specification —
c Corrosion allowance mm
C Joint clearance —
D Diameter mm
DBA Design by analysis —
DBF Design by formula —
D External diameter of shell or tube mm
e
d External diameter of branch/nozzle mm
e
D Internal diameter of shell or tube mm
i
d Internal diameter of branch/nozzle mm
i
DN Nominal diameter —
D Internal shell diameter, only applicable in shell and tube heat mm
s
exchangers
d Nominal outside diameter of tubes, only applicable in tubesheets mm
tube
(in the formulae, d can be replaced by d )
tube t
e Thickness mm
e Actual thickness mm
act
e Brazing joint size of tube in the tubesheet mm
b
e Minimum material thickness given by a standard or any other mm
min
technical document
Symbol Description Unit
e Nominal thickness mm
n
EPAR Expansion Procedure Approval Record —
EPS Expansion Procedure Specification —
Etube Elasticity modulus for tube material at design temperature MPa
EV Essential Variables —
e Welding joint size of tube in the tubesheet mm
W
f Nominal design stress at design temperature MPa
FB Furnace brazing —
F Tube force generated by shell side N
s
f Nominal design stress at test temperature t °C MPa
ttest
f Nominal design stress of tube material at design temperature t °C MPa
tube
F Tube force generated by tube side N
tube
H Depth mm
IB Induction brazing —
K Safety factor —
l Actual lap length —
L Gauge length for tensile test mm
L Unsupported tube length mm
k
l Expanded length on tube inside tubesheet mm
tx
min t Stress case —
NDT Non Destructive Testing —
NEV Non-Essential Variables —
N Number of tube for a tubular heat exchanger —
tube
p Tube pitch for tubesheet mm
a
P Maximum design pressure MPa or bar
(max)
a
P Calculation pressure (in the formulae, P can be replaced by P) MPa or bar
c c
a
P Design pressure MPa or bar
d
PED Pressure Equipment Directive n° 2014/68/EU —
a
PS Maximum allowable pressure MPa or bar
a
P Test pressure MPa or bar
test
a
P Tube side calculation pressure MPa or bar
tube
a
Pv Shell side calculation pressure MPa or bar
PWHT Post Weld Heat Treatments —
Q Ratio of load —
Symbol Description Unit
Q Tube force due to tube side (in the formulae, Q can be replaced N
tube tube
by Q )
t
Q Tube force due to tubesheet N
V
RB Resistance brazing —
R Upper yield strength MPa
eH
R Tensile strength MPa
m
R Average value of tensile strength of several test specimens MPa
m avg
R Maximum tensile strength specified in the standard MPa
m max
R Minimum tensile strength MPa
m min
R Tensile strength of tube —
m,tube
R Tensile strength at temperature t °C MPa
m/t
R Tensile strength at test temperature t °C MPa
m/ttest
Rp avg Average value of proof strength of several test specimens MPa
R 0,2 % proof strength MPa
p0,2
R 0,2 % proof strength at temperature t °C MPa
p0,2/t
R 0,2 % proof strength at test temperature t °C MPa
p0,2/ttest
R 1,0 % proof strength MPa
p1,0
R 1,0 % proof strength at temperature t °C MPa
p1,0/t
R 1,0 % proof strength at test temperature t °C MPa
p1,0/ttest
S Original cross section area mm
TB Flame brazing —
t Calculation temperature °C
c
t Design temperature °C
d
t Temperature of heat absorbing fluid °C
ha
t Temperature of heat emitting fluid °C
he
VB Vacuum brazing —
z Joint coefficient for welds —
α Thermal expansion —
δ Negative wall thickness tolerance mm
e
ν Poisson's ratio —
τ Maximum permissible shear strength of the brazing filler material 100 MPa
b,max
µ Basic ligament efficiency of the tube sheet —
a 2
1 bar = 100 000 Pa = 0,1 MPa = 0,1 N/mm .
4 Modification to Clause 4
Update the following references throughout the clause:
— EN 13445-2:2021;
— EN 13445-6:2021;
In subclause 4.3.1.1, replace “Copper group: 31 to 35” with “Copper group: 31 to 38” and update the
following reference:
Delete subclause 4.3.1.2 and renumber current subclause 4.3.1.3 accordingly.
Insert the following new clauses:
4.3.1.3 The minimum values for the elongation after fracture (A) specified for gauge length
are:
LS= 5,65
Steel for transverse direction: 14 %;
—
— Steel for longitudinal direction: 16 %;
— Aluminium and aluminium alloys: 14 %;
— Copper and copper alloys in wrought condition: 14 %;
— Copper alloys in cast condition: 12 %;
— Titanium: 14 %.
In case of tubular copper and copper alloy material where the elongation values fall below the
values given above, their use shall be restricted to use within the following limits:
— PS × DN ≤ 50 000 bar A > 5 %;
— PS × DN ≤ 10 000 bar 3 % ≤ A ≤ 5 %.
4.3.1.4 When the gauge length is different from LS= 5,65 and for a non-proportional gauge
length, the requirements of EN ISO 6892-1:2019 shall apply to determine the minimum value of
elongation after fracture.
4.3.1.5 For steel, mechanical strength is given in EN 13445-2:2021. For other materials (e.g.
aluminium, copper, copper alloys, titanium) mechanical strength is given in material standards or
in Annex F.
The values specified at room temperature may be used for temperature equal to or less than 50 °C.
4.3.1.6 In Annex F, the following values are given in the table:
−3
Table F.1 — Elastic Modulus: E x 10 MPa and Poisson’s ratio
Table F.2 — Thermal expansion α (average value between 20 °C and Td)
4.3.1.7 The chemical composition shall be in accordance with the material specification.
4.3.2 Steel and Cast iron
4.3.2.1 Deep drawing
For deep drawing, the following steels are particularly suitable:
— EN 10130:2006, all grades excluding DC 01;
— EN 10111:2008: grade DD12, DD13, DD14.
After forming and possible heat treatment, the material selected shall have a minimum elongation
of 14 % when measured as defined in 4.3.1.3, and the test sample is taken close to the edge of the
end cap.
Other materials can be considered, provided they conform to this requirement.
4.3.2.2 Cladding
The base metal of clad materials shall be selected from steel groups listed in 4.3.1.1. The cladding
materials may be selected from other material groups.
The requirements of EN 13445-2:2021, Annex D shall apply when the strength of the cladding
material is included in the design calculation.
4.3.2.3 Lamellar tearing
With steel grades, where the vessel manufacturer perceives that there is a risk of lamellar tearing
due to joint design and loading, one of the following solutions shall be employed:
— testing in accordance with EN 10164:2018 with a minimum value of Z15;
— ultrasonic inspection of the area where the joint is made. The minimum area to be inspected
is a band of material equivalent to five times the weld joint width. The inspection shall be
carried out to EN 10160:1999 with class S3 or E4 acceptance levels. The examination shall be
conducted after manufacturing processes to the part in question are complete.
4.3.2.4 Prevention of brittle fracture
For pressure vessel made with steel material the allowed stress at the minimum allowable
temperature is applied as per EN 13445-2:2021, Annex B, or Annex A of this document.
Annex A takes into account that due to the physical conditions during the phase change in
refrigerating systems, the pressure in the refrigerant containing part of the vessel drops when the
refrigerant temperature decreases. Thus at lower temperatures the stresses due to refrigerant
pressure are always lower than the stresses at the design pressure according to the relevant table
of EN 378-2:2016 (vapour pressure curve of a common refrigerant, see Figure A.1).
In the case of fluids without phase change, e.g. brine, the pressure does not change at low
temperatures, therefore in Annex A, the permissible stress of the component parts is determined
by higher safety factors (see Table A.1).
For steel materials listed in 4.3.1.1, the test temperature and the minimum value of the impact test
energy measured on an ISO V notch bending test specimen are determined in accordance with
EN 13445-2:20211, Annex B, or Annex A of this document.
For spheroidal cast iron, refer to EN 13445-6:20211 requirements.
The brittle fracture should be determined only when the material thickness can permit to make a
test piece according to EN ISO 148-1 with a minimum section size 5 mm × 10 mm.
4.3.3 Aluminium and aluminium alloy
The aluminium, aluminium alloys are not susceptible to brittle fracture due to low temperature
and no special provisions are necessary for their use to a minimum allowable temperature of –
196 °C.
4.3.4 Copper and copper alloy
4.3.4.1 The material specification shall specify the composition limits for all constituents, heat
treatment and the appropriate mechanical properties for acceptance and other purposes.
The product forms in their delivery conditions shall be kept free from internal stresses that may
lead to stress corrosion cracking.
When using copper-zinc alloys, for example, care shall be taken to ensure that they are adequately
resistant to the media in question and that no hazardous chemical reactions take place.
When annealed in an atmosphere containing hydrogen (or, for example, when welding or brazing
using a naked flame), product forms made of Cu-DHP shall not show any signs of hydrogen
embrittlement.
4.3.4.2 Copper and copper alloys shall be ordered in material condition R or Y as defined in the
material standard in accordance with the designation system given in EN 1173:2008.
4.3.4.3 The material resistance given in Table F.3 of Annex F can be used within the temperature
limit of 200 °C.
4.3.4.4 Failure by lamellar tearing is not applicable to copper and copper alloys
4.3.4.5 The copper, copper alloys with the exception of alloy groups 32.2 and 35 are not
susceptible to brittle fracture due to low temperature and no special provisions are necessary for
their use to a minimum allowable temperature of –196 °C.
For these two groups, material properties shall be checked in material standards.
4.3.5 Titanium
Titanium is not susceptible to brittle fracture due to low temperature and no special provisions
are necessary for their use to a minimum allowable temperature of –196 °C.
Renumber 4.5 as 4.4, and 4.4 as 4.5
5 Modification to Clause 5
In Table 2, replace the line for flammable gas with the following:
Table 2 — Dangerous fluids
Hazard class Hazard statement
Flammable gases, category 1A, 1B and 2 H220, H221
Including unstable gases and Pyrophoric gas H230, H231 H232
In note of Table 2, update the following reference:
— EN 378-1:2016+A1:2020.
6 Modification to Clause 6
Update the following reference throughout the clause:
— EN 13445-3:2021;
— EN 12735-1:2020;
— EN 13445-5:2021;
— EN 378-3:2016+A1:2020;
— EN 378-4:2016+A1:2019.
Add a new paragraph in 6.1:
Whenever the word “corrosion” is used in this standard it shall be taken to mean corrosion,
oxidation, scaling, abrasion, erosion and all other forms of wastage.
A corrosion allowance is not required when corrosion can be excluded, either because the
materials, including the welds, used for the pressure vessel walls are corrosion resistant relative
to the contents and the loading or are reliably protected.
No corrosion allowance is required for heat exchanger tubes and other parts in similar heat
exchanger duty, unless a specific corrosive environment requires one.
Replace 6.2.2 with the following:
6.2.2 Internal corrosion
For suitable material in contact with refrigerants internal corrosion is negligible and the minimum
corrosion allowance shall be taken to be 0 mm if the refrigerant has the maximum allowable levels
of contaminants according to Table 3.
Table 3 — Refrigerant Allowable Levels of Contaminants
General value Exception
Vapour phase contaminants
Air and other non-condensables, 1,5 Non available when refrigerant have
maximum % by volume at 25,0 °C a boiling point > 5°C

Liquid phase contaminants
Water, Maximum ppm by weight 10 20 for R-11, R-113, R-123, R-245fa,
R-1224yd(Z), R-1233zd(E), R-
1336mzz(Z), R-1336mzz(E), R-514A
All Other Volatile Impurities, 0,5 None
Maximum % by weight
High Boiling Residue, Maximum % 0,01 0.0005 for R-744
by volume or % by weight
Particulates/solids pass Visually clean None
Acidity, Maximum ppm by weight 1 None
(as HC1)
Chloride No visible None
turbidity
Total C3, C4, and C5 Polyolefins, None 0,05 for R-50, R-170, R-E170, R-290,
Maximum % weight R-600, R-600a, R-601, R-601a, R-610,
R-1150, R-1270
Sulphur odour None No sulphur odour for R-50, R-170, R-
E170, R-290, R-600, R-600a, R-601,
R-601a, R-610, R-1150, R-1270
NOTE Methods can be found in AHRI Standard 700:2019 Standard for Specifications for Refrigerants.
Other corrosion values (greater than zero) may be selected by the manufacturer.
Replace subclause 6.4 with the following:
6.4 Loading
The requirements of EN 13445-3:2021 shall apply.
There are potentially four loading cases:
Normal operating load cases are those acting on the pressure vessel during normal operation,
including start-up and shutdown.
Exceptional load cases are those corresponding to events of very low occurrence probability
requiring the safe shutdown and inspection of the vessel.
Testing load cases for final assessment related to tests after manufacture and testing load cases in
service related to repeated tests during the lifetime defined by the user according to National in-
service regulation.
NOTE National in-service test pressure generally are not more than the final assessment test pressure
value.
Vacuum load case which occur after refrigerant recovery and/or before refrigerant is charged
inside the compartment(s) of pressure vessel which contain refrigerant. The pressure is defined
in 6.7
According to load cases, the following calculation parameters shall be used as defined in Table 4.
Table 4 — Calculation parameter for different loading cases
CASE Normal Exceptional Vacuum Testing load
operating load load
Load
Pressure P Calculation pressure P as defined in 6.6 and Test pressure as
C
6.7 defined in 8.10.4
and Annex C or by
national in service
regulation
Nominal design f = F at calculation temperature as defined in f = F at testing n
stresses 6.10 and in Table 7 or Table 8 temperature as
defined in 6.10 and
in Table 7 or
Table 8
Thickness e e = e – c e = e
min min
Joint coefficient z Value defined z = 1 z = 1
in 6.12
Replace 6.8 with the following:
6.8 Design pressure P
d
The design pressure shall not be less than PS.
The refrigerant containing compartment of a vessel and the refrigerant side of a heat exchanger
vessel shall be designed to withstand the vacuum situation with a pressure of - 1 bar (e.g. vacuum
inside with atmospheric pressure on the outside), which may occur during refrigerant charging
or recovery operations.
This can be demonstrated by experience of similar design.
If design introduces a risk, manufacturer shall be put in place measures to reduce this risk.
If calculation is made, the following calculation parameters shall be used:
— Vacuum pressure: −1 bar;
— Temperature: ambient temperature;
— Joint coefficient z = 1.
In the last sentence of subclause 6.9, replace the reference to subclause 4.4 with 4.3.3.4.
In subclause 6.10.2, replace the reference to Table 3 with Table 5 and change reference in the title of
the table accordingly.
Replace subclause 6.11 with the following:
For the calculation of the required thickness of certain welded components (e.g. cylinders, cones
and spheres), the design formulae contain z, which is the joint coefficient of the governing welded
joint(s) of the component.
Examples of governing welded joints are:
— longitudinal or helical welds in a cylindrical shell;
— longitudinal welds in a conical shell;
— any main weld in a spherical shell/head;
— main welds in a dished head fabricated from two or more plates;
— The following welded joints are not governing welded joints:
— circumferential weld between a cylindrical or conical shell and a cylinder, cone, flange or end
other than hemispherical;
— welds attaching nozzles to shells or heads;
— welds subjected exclusively to compressive stress.
NOTE Circumferential joints may become governing joints due to external loads.
For the normal operating load cases, the value of z is given in Table 6.
Table 6— Testing groups
Joint coefficients 1 1 0,85 0,7
a
Testing groups 1b 2b 3b 4
Permitted material
Steel group 1.1/1.2/8.1 1.1/1.2/8.1 1.1/1.2/8.1 1.1/1.2/8.1
Aluminium group 21 / 22 21 / 22 21 / 22 21 / 22
Copper group All All All All
Maximum thickness per material category
b
Steel group 1.1 / 8.1 Unlimited ≤ 50 ≤ 50 ≤ 16
b
Steel group 1.2 Unlimited ≤ 30 ≤ 30 ≤ 12
b
Aluminium group 21 Unlimited ≤ 40 ≤ 40 ≤ 20
b
Copper group all Unlimited ≤ 40 ≤ 40 ≤ 20
b b b
Welding process Unlimited Fully mechanical Unlimited Unlimited
c
welding only
b b b
Service temperatures Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited ̶ 50 °C + 200 °C
range
Groups of fluid 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2
Extent of VT 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
d, e
Extent of NDT other 100 % 100–10 % 10 % 0 %
than VT of governing
welded joints
a
Definition of testing groups by analogy with EN 13445-5:2021. All testing groups require visual
examination.
b
Unlimited means no additional restriction due to testing. The limitations mentioned in the table are
limitations imposed by testing. Other limitations given in various clauses of this document (such as
design, material limitations) shall also be taken in account.
c
Fully mechanized and/or automatic welding process where at least the weld head and the welding
consumable movement is mechanized.
d
The first figure applies initially, the second figure applies after experience. For definition of experience
see EN 13445-5:2021 The percentage relates to the percentage of welds of each individual vessel.
e
The extent of NDT other than VT can be substituted with destructive testing for group 2b.
For materials other than those listed in Table 6, applicable requirements are defined in:
— EN 13445-4:2021 and EN 13445-5:2021 for steel other than 1.1, 1.2 or 8.1;
— EN 13445-8:2021 for aluminium other than 2.1 and 2.2.
For permanent joint other than welding, joint coefficient shall be taken as 1 for design by formula
and also for non-governing joint
In 6.12.4, replace “For materials from copper group 31-32-33-34-35” with “For materials from
copper group 31 to 38”.
In 6.12.5, replace reference to Table 6 with Table 8.
In 6.12.6, replace the first sentence as follows:
When assessing exceptional conditions or for vacuum conditions, the design stress shall be taken
for the test condition with the temperature of material taken to be that existing at the exceptional
condition.
Proceed to the following modifications in Table 5:
— Change the title to “Table 7— Nominal design stress”.
— Change the title of the third column “Testing conditions” with “Testing conditions or
exceptional situations”.
— Change the first column on line 6 to “Copper group 31 to 38”.
— In the footnote b), change reference of “Table 6” with “Table 8”.
Proceed to the following modifications in Table 6:
— Change reference of Table 6 with Table 8 in the title.
In 6.14.2.2.1, change reference to “Table 7” with “Table 9”.
Change Formula (12) as follows:
π E ×J
tube
F ≤ * (12)
tube
KL
tube k
Change Formula (13) as follows:
π
J Xd(−d) (13)
e i
where
L is the unsupported length of tube between two tubesheets, tubesheet and baffle
k
or two baffles and P is the design pressure inside the tube;
d
K is safety coefficient of tube from Table 7;
tube
J is moment of inertia.
In 6.14.3.3, change reference to “Table 8” with “Table 10”.
Add a new 6.14.3.4:
6.14.3.4 Detail of brazed joints
The design of brazed lapped and T-joints shall be in accordance with Annex B.
=
7 Modification to Clause 7
Update the following references throughout the clause:
— EN 13445-4:2021;
— EN ISO 15614-1:2017/A1:2019;
— EN ISO 15607:2019;
— EN ISO 15609-2:2019;
— EN 13445-8:2021;
In 7.4.5.2, change reference to “Table 9” with “Table 11”.
Change 7.4.5.5 as follows:
7.4.5.5 Brazer approval
The brazer or the brazing operator shall be qualified in accordance with EN ISO 13585 or with
Annex B.
Replace 7.5 as follows:
7.5 Forming of pressure parts
7.5.1 Steel parts
The requirements of EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply for steel materials.
7.5.2 Deep drawing for steel parts
The minimum thickness after forming shall not be less than the minimum required thickness.
Heat treatment is not necessary after deep drawing in case of proofing a minimum elongation of
14 % of a sample according to 4.3.1.2 for all steels according to EN 10130:2006 and in case of steel
grades DD 12, DD 13 and DD 14 according to EN 10111:2008.
If other steels are used, the requirements of EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply to determine if heat
treatment is required.
7.5.3 Aluminium parts
The requirements of EN 13445-8:2021 shall apply for aluminium materials.
7.5.4 Copper parts
For copper, the following requirements shall apply:
— Cold forming:
— Where copper alloy of group 32 and group 35 have been cold formed during fabrication,
a stress relieving heat treatment should be carried out. For this the material shall be
subjected to an alloy-specific temperature treatment. For many alloys a range of 300 °C
to 400 °C for not less than 30 min may be recommended.
— If vessels are required for service where stress corrosion cracking is possible, a stress
relieving or limiting procedure should be considered. In particular, where copper alloy of
group 32 and group 35 have been cold formed in the course of fabrication, a stress
relieving heat treatment should be considered.
— For copper and other copper alloys including CuZnSi-alloys stress relief is not regarded
as being necessary.
— Hot forming:
— Copper and copper alloys to be heat treated or hot worked shall be heated uniformly in a
neutral or oxidizing atmosphere, without direct flame impingement, to a temperature
within the range specified in the following Table 12;
— Where hot forming is to be used, tests shall be carried out to demonstrate that the
proposed heat treatment gives the required properties on a representative test piece;
— Hot forming temperature, see Table 12.
Table 12 — Hot forming temperature
Material Temperature
Copper group 31 750 °C to 950 °C
Brass group 32 650 °C to 750 °C
Cu-Ni group 34 850 °C to 950 °C
Cu-Al group 35 800 °C to 975 °C
If heat treatment is not required after cold forming of plates or tubes, mechanical testing is not
required.
If heat treatment is requested after cold or hot forming, compliance with material specifications
shall be verified by means of one of the following:
— test coupons taken from excess length of formed part;
— alternatively, separately formed test coupons heat treated together with the formed parts;
— separately formed test coupons simulated heat treated.
The following number of test coupons shall be taken from each cast of material:
a) one test coupon from a batch of up to 10 parts;
b) two test coupons from a batch of up to 25 parts;
c) three test coupons from a batch of up to 100 parts;
d) one test coupon for every further 100 parts.
Replace 7.6 as follows:
7.6 Post weld heat treatment
For steel, the requirements given in EN 13445-4:2021 shall apply.
For aluminium, the requirements given in EN 13445-8:2021 shall apply
For copper and copper alloys, the following shall apply:
a) Post weld heat treatment is normally not necessary for welded copper or copper alloy
pressure vessels. If vessels are required for service where stress corrosion cracking is
possible, a stress relieving procedure should be considered.
b) If post weld heat treatment is required then the heat treatment shall be performed in
accordance with a written procedure which describes the parameters required.
c) Heat treatment shall be carried out in accordance with the material manufacturer's
recommendations.
8 Modification to Clause 8
Update the following references throughout the clause:
— EN ISO 2553:2019;
— EN 13445-5:2021;
— EN 13445-8:2021.
In 8.7, change reference to “Table 4” with “Table 6”.
Replace the following reference with the updated version of the same reference
9 Modification to Clause 9
Update the following references throughout the clause:
— EN 13445-5:2021.
10 Modification to Annex B
Change the title to “Annex B Specification and approval of brazing procedures, brazers and brazing
operators”.
From B.4, replace the whole remaining annex as follows:
⁠⁠B.4 Examination and testing
⁠⁠⁠B.4.1 General
The tests used in brazing procedure and performance qualifications are defined in Table B.3.
Table B.3 — Test for brazing procedure
Type of test and number of test specimen required
Type of joints Visual examination Tensile test Peel test Metallo-graphic examination
T-joint YES — — 1 longitudinal
1 transversal
a
Lap joint YES 2 2 —
a
When the filler material has a tensile strength equal to or greater than that of the base material, a
metallographic examination is required.
B.4.2 ⁠⁠⁠Visual examination
The visual examination for brazed joints is used to estimate the “soundness” by external
appearances of such things as continuity, size, contour and wetting of fillet along the joint and,
where appropriate, to determine if the filler metal flowed from one side to the other side of the
joint.
Joint shall be accessible for examination as described in Figure B.5.
An additional light source can be used to improve contrast and highlighting defects against the
background.
a) view A
b) view B
Key
1 Axe
2 Viewing angle
Figure B.5 — Accessibility of examination
The acceptance criterion is as follows. There should be:
— No base metal degradation (such as surface erosion) due to overheating;
— No lack of filler metal contour locally;
— No drop of filler metal;
— No excess of filler metal;
— No flux and flux residue.
⁠⁠⁠B.4.3 Tensile test
Test pieces and specimens: the test pieces and specimens shall be in accordance with one of the
three types defined in EN 12797.
Procedure: the test shall be conducted in accordance with ISO 5187 and with EN ISO 6892-1.
Acceptance Criteria: the tensile strength shall not be less than
a) the specified minimum tensile strength of the weaker base metals in the annealed condition
b) if the test piece breaks in the base metal outside of the braze, 95 % of the specified minimum
tensile strength of the base metals in the annealed condition.
For all small tube it is common practice to use tension test specimens of full-size tubular sections.
Snug-fitting metal plugs shall be inserted far enough into the ends of such tubular specimens to
permit the testing machine jaws to grip the specimens properly. The plugs shall not extend into
that part of the specimen on which the elongation is measured.
Figure B.6 shows a suitable form of plug, the location of the plugs in the specimen, and the location
of the specimen in the grips of the testing machine.

Figure B.6 — Tensile test using metal plugs for tubular product
The diameter of the plug shall have a slight taper from the line limiting the test machines jaws to
the curved section.
⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠B.4.4 Peel test
Test pieces: the test pieces and specimens shall be as they are after brazing or detached from the
brazed assembly.
Procedure: the test shall be conducted in accordance with the relevant clause of EN 12797.
Acceptance Criteria: the specimen shall show evidence of brazing filler metal along each edge of
the joint. The separated faying surface shall meet the following criteria:
a) The sum of the length of defects measured in any one line in the direction of the lap shall not
exceed 25 % of the lap.
b) No defect should extent continuously from one edge of the joint to the other edge irrespective
of the direction of the defect.
⁠⁠⁠B.4.5 Metallographic examination
They are used as a substitute for peel test
Tests pieces and specimens: the test pieces and specimens shall be as they are after brazing or
detached from the brazed assembly. A particular case shall be taken where sectioning to ensure
that the structure is not modified.
Procedure: the specimens shall be cut, ground and polished to achieve the surface finish required
for macro-examination. Two cuts shall be performed on the section which shall be examined at
low magnification up to × 10.
Acceptance Criteria: no cracks are accepted. The sum of length of unbrazed areas on either side,
considered individually, shall not exceed 20 % of the length of the joint overlap.
⁠⁠⁠B.4.6 Acceptance criteria
Acceptable defects are corresponding to quality level B of EN ISO 18279 except for the following
defects:
— excess braze metal B(6BAAA) quality level C.
The length of the brazed joint taken in account for acceptance is the minimum length given in
(B.2).
The examined area for radiography is the projected area limited to minimum brazed length
requested, see Figure B.7.
Key
l length of the brazed overlap;
lr required brazed length;
lu length of overlap before brazing;
l , l dimensions of the brazed imperfection;
1 2
t thickness of brazed joint;
j
t1, t2 wall or plate thickness or thicknesses.
Figure B.7 — Determination of length
For incomplete penetration, A path is acceptable when the distance between two gaps (or gaps on
board), likely to contribute to this path, is more than 2 mm, without the possibility of tolerance,
as shown in Figure B.8.
Key
1 part 1
2 part 2
• Case 1: d ≥ 2 mm: accepted
• Case 2: d < 2 mm: non permissible, refused
• Case 3: path a: d1 ≥ 2 mm and d3 ≥ 2 mm: accepted
• Case 4: path a: d ≥ 2 mm and d < 2 mm: accepted
1 3
• Case 5: path a: d < 2 mm and d ≥ 2 mm: accepted
1 3
• Case 6: path a: d1 < 2 mm and d3 < 2 mm: non permissible, refused
• Case 7: path b: d1 < 2 mm d2, < 2 mm and d4 ≥ 2 mm: accepted
• Case 8: path b: d < 2 mm d , < 2 mm and d < 2 mm: non permissible, refused
1 2 4
Figure B.8 — Possible incomplete penetration – example for interpretation
⁠⁠B.5 Range of approval
⁠⁠⁠B.5.1 General
All the conditions of validity stated below shall be met independently of each other.
Any change outside of the ranges specified shall require a new brazing procedure test.
⁠⁠⁠B.5.2 Related to the manufacturer
An approval of a BPS obtained by a manufacturer is valid for brazing in w
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