EN 20534:1993
(Main)Paper and board - Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density (ISO 534:1988)
Paper and board - Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density (ISO 534:1988)
Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung der Dicke und der scheinbaren Stapeldichte oder scheinbaren Blattdichte (ISO 534:1988)
Diese Internationale Norm gibt zwei Verfahren an zur Messung der Dicke von Papier und Pappe und zur Berechnung der scheinbaren Stapeldichte oder scheinbaren Blattdichte aus den Dickebestimmungen. Diese Verfahren sind a) Messung von Einzelblättern von Papier oder Pappe (Einzelblattdicke); b) Messung eines Stapels von Papierblättern mit einer flächenbezogenen Masse bis 224 g/m2 (mittlere Dicke).
Papier et carton - Détermination de l'épaisseur et de la masse volumique des feuilles uniques ou des feuilles en liasses (ISO 534:1988)
Papir, karton in lepenka - Določevanje debeline in pripadajoče prostorninske mase ali pripadajoče gostote papirnega lista (ISO 534:1988)
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung der Dicke und der scheinbaren Stapeldichte oder scheinbaren Blattdichte (ISO 534:1988)Papier et carton - Détermination de l'épaisseur et de la masse volumique des feuilles uniques ou des feuilles en liasses (ISO 534:1988)Paper and board - Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density (ISO 534:1988)85.060Papir, karton in lepenkaPaper and boardICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 20534:1993SIST EN 20534:2000en01-april-2000SIST EN 20534:2000SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 20534:2000
SIST EN 20534:2000
SIST EN 20534:2000
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL ORGANlZATlON FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION MEXAYHAPOflHAF1 OPTAHM3A~Mfi I-IO CTAH~APTM3A~MM Paper and board - Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density Papier et carton - D&termination de l%paisseur et de la masse volumique des feuilles uniques ou des feuilles en liasses IS0 ~ 534 Second edition 1988-1 l-15 Reference number . IS0 534 : 1988 (E) SIST EN 20534:2000
IS0 534 : 1988 (El Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies US0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard IS0 534 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps. This second edition combines and cancels the first editions of IS0 438 : 1980 and IS0 534 : 1980 and introduces the concepts of apparent bulk density and apparent sheet density. Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. 0 International Organization for Standardization, 1989 0 Printed in Switzerland SIST EN 20534:2000
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 534 : 1988 (El Paper and board - Determination of thickness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density 1 Scope This International Standard specifies two methods of measur- ing the thicknes of paper and board and of calculating the ap- parent bulk density or the apparent sheet density from the thickness determinations. The methods are a) measurement of single sheets of paper or board (single sheet thickness); b) measurement of a pack of sheets of paper of grammage up to 224 g/m* (bulking thickness). These methods are not applicable to corrugated fibreboard and, in the case of method b), not to certain soft papers such as tissues which are creped and/or embossed, due to the slow or excessive compression which takes place when measurements are made on such materials. It should be noted that two alternative pressures are permitted (see table 1); the pressure of 100 kPa + 10 kPa is preferred. NOTE - It should be noted that the two methods generally lead to dif- ferent results. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this lnternationa definitions apply. I Standard, the following 3.1 single sheet thickness : Dista lnce between one surface of a paper or board and the other, determined under an applied static load, using the standard method of test. 3.2 bulking thickness : Thickness of a single sheet of paper, calculated from the thickness of several superimposed sheets (termed a pack), measured under an applied static load, using the standard method of test. 3.3 apparent bulk, density: Mass per unit volume of paper or board, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre and calculated from the bulking thickness. This term is normally ap- plicable to paper. 3.4 apparent sheet density: Mass per unit volume of paper or board, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre and calculated from the single sheet thickness. This term is nor- mally applicable to paper or board. The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. 4 Principle 2 Normative references IS0 186 : 1905, Paper and board - Sampling to determine average quality. IS0 187 : 1977, Paper and board - Conditioning of samples. IS0 536 : 1976, Paper and board - Determination of gram- mage. IS0 5725 : 1986, Precision of test methods - Determination of repeatability and reproducibility for a standard test method by inter-laboratory tests. 4.1 Measurement of the thickness of a single sheet or a pack of sheets under a specific static load by means of a high- precision micrometer. Expression of the results in terms of the thickness of a single sheet or bulking thickness per sheet according to the test requirements. 4.2 Calculation of the apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density of the paper or board from a knowledge of its grammage and thickness. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Dead-weight micrometer, provided with two plane, parallel, circular pressure faces, between which the paper or board is placed for measurement. The pressure exerted between the pressure faces during the thickness measurement shall be as given in table 1. 1 SIST EN 20534:2000
1s0 534 : 1988 El Table 1 - Pressure between pressure faces Pressure kPa Status of value loo + 10 Preferred 50* 5 Alternative NOTE - It is the long-term objective of this International Stan- dard to allow only 100 kPa, but because of the long working life of micrometers it is not possible, at this time, to set a target date for the elimination of the alternative pressure. The two pressure faces shall form an integral part of the micrometer, such that one face is fixed (the anvil) and the other is movable in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the fixed face. One face shall be 16,0 mm + 0,5 mm in diameter and the se- cond face shall be of such a size that it is in contact with the whole area of the other face when the micrometer reads zero. Thus, a circular region of a test piece, nominally 200 mm* in area, is subjected during the thickness measurement to the pressure exerted between the faces. The performance requirements of the micrometer shall be such that, when calibrated according to the method given in an- nex A, the micrometer complies with the requirements given in tables 1 and 2 (see also 9.1). Table 2 - Micrometer performance requirements Micrometer characteristic Indication error Error of parallelism between pressure faces Repeatability of measurement (as standard deviation) NOTES Maximum permitted value + 2,5 pm or + 0,5 % 5 pm or 1 % 2,5 pm or 0,5 % 1 The maximum permitted value of a micrometer characteristic is the greater of the two values quoted for it in the table. 2 Where a tolerance is expressed in the form of a percentage, it is based upon the thickness of the test piece under test. Thus, it is possible for a given micrometer to comply with the requirements of the table for some materials, but not for others. 3 For measurements on very thin papers, an instrument with better performance than that specified in this table may be re- quired. 5.2 Thickness gauges, corresponding to approximately 10 %, 30 %, 50 % 70 % and 90 % of the full scale reading of the micrometer. Each gauge shall be accurate to 1 pm. 6 Sampling Sample in accordance with IS0 186. 7 Conditioning Condition the sample in accordance with IS0 187. 8 Preparations of test pieces Prepare the test pieces in the same standard atmospheric con- ditions used to condition the sample. Avoid areas with folds, creases, cracks or other defects which could influence the results. 8.1 Bulking thickness Cut a sheet, from each specimen taken at random from those selected in accordance with clause 6, of dimensions preferably 200 mm x 250 mm, the 200 mm dimension being in the machine direction (see figure 1). If this is not possible, prepare smaller sheets of at least 150 mm x 150 mm. Make up a pack of ten sheets to form the test piece, ensuring that there are the same number of sheets in each test piece and that all the sheets are oriented in the same way. Each sheet shall be independent of the rest; for example, one sheet folded and inserted into the test piece to form two or more sheets shall not be permitted. Prepare at least four test pieces. NOTE - In special circumstances, such as for thick or very thin sheets or when agreed between the manufacturer and user, a smaller or larger number of sheets or a smaller or larger size of sheet may be used. The number of sheets used and their size should be reported. 8.2 Single sheet thickness Cut not more than two test pieces from each specimen taken at random from those selected in accordance with clause 6, of minimum dimensions 60 mm x 60 mm. Ensure, however, that the test piece dimensions are not so large that the micrometer reading is affected by the test piece mass that overhangs the lower pressure face while a measurement is being made. Therefore, do not permit test pieces of board to exceed 100 mm x 100 mm. These test piece dimensions are usually satisfactory for making measurements on paper. Prepare at least 20 test pieces. 9 Procedure 9.1 Verification and calibration of micrometer At appropriate time intervals, calibrate the micrometer and verify its performance using the method given in annex A. For micrometers in frequent use, determine the indication error and repeatability of measurement daily. Determine the pressure exerted between the pressure faces and their error of parallelism at monthly intervals. When measurements are to be made on very thin papers, it is necessary to verify the performance of the micrometer at the temperature at which it is to be used. 9.2 Determinations Carry out the test in the standard atmospheric conditions at which the samples were conditioned. 2 SIST
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