CEN/TC 172 - Pulp, paper and board

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the wet tensile strength of tissue paper and tissue products after soaking with water, using a tensile-strength-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
Currently, two types of tensile-strength-testing apparatus are commercially available, one where the test piece is positioned vertically and, for the other, horizontally. This document applies for both. For vertical tensile-strength-testing apparatus, a device that is held in the lower grip of the tensile-strength-testing apparatus, called a Finch Cup, is used to achieve the wetting. For horizontal tensile-strength-testing apparatus, the soaking device is placed between the two clamps.
This document is not applicable to cases where impurities and contraries are determined.

This document specifies the testing procedures for the instrumental determination of the opacity of tissue paper or tissue products by diffuse reflectance using a paper backing.
This document contains specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces of single-ply and multi-ply products, where special preparation/procedures might be necessary.
It can be used to determine the opacity of tissue paper and tissue products containing fluorescent whitening agents, provided the UV content of the radiation incident on the test piece has been adjusted to conform to that in the CIE illuminant C using a fluorescent reference standard provided by an authorized laboratory as described in ISO 2470-1.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of aluminium in aqueous extracts.
It is applicable to paper and board with extractable aluminium content of at least 0,2 mg/l.
Aluminium extract levels below those given can be measured using this document if sensitive equipment is available and if all other laboratory conditions fulfil the requirements for trace element analysis.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the tensile strength of perforated lines of tissue paper. It uses a tensile-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
This method is only used for measuring machine-direction tensile strength, that is for cross-direction perforations on tissue paper.
The calculation of perforation efficiency is also specified in this document.

This document specifies a method for determining the water absorptiveness of paper and board, including corrugated fibreboard, under standard conditions.
This document is not applicable for paper of grammage less than 50 g/m2 or embossed paper. It is not applicable for porous papers such as newsprint or papers such as blotting paper or other papers having a relatively high-water absorptiveness for which ISO 8787 is more suitable.

This document specifies an apparatus and the procedures for the laboratory wet disintegration of mechanical pulps that exhibit latency except when brightness is measured. This apparatus and procedure can be used for preparation of the test portion in other International Standards dealing with pulps.
This document is applicable to all kind of mechanical pulps (i.e. mechanical, semi-chemical and chemi-mechanical pulps) exhibiting latency.

This document specifies a non-waxed edge method for the determination of the edgewise crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard. The force is applied in the direction of the flute axis.
This method is applicable to single-wall (double-faced), double-wall, and triple-wall corrugated fibreboard.
It is applicable to all corrugated fibreboard flute types if no buckling and/or tipping occurs during measurement. This method is also applicable to test samples taken from corrugated cases and other converted products.

This document specifies the standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing pulp, paper and board, the conditioning procedure and the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity.

This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in paper, board, pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials in solid form, which all can be produced from virgin and /or recycled materials.
It is also applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of paper and board for recycling.
The procedure is applicable to paper, board, and pulp and cellulosic nanomaterials which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of pulp, paper, and board and cellulosic nanomaterial samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of dry matter content is required.
This method is not applicable to the determination of the dry matter content of slush pulp or to the determination of the saleable mass of pulp lots.
NOTE 1    ISO 638-2[1] specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content of suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials, ISO 287[2] specifies the determination of the moisture content of a lot of paper and board; ISO 4119[3] specifies the determination of stock concentration of pulps; the ISO 801 series[4] specifies the determination of the saleable mass in lots.
NOTE 2    This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids. If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material; in cases where the sample is filterable without loss of cellulosic solids, ISO 4119[3] can be used to determine the stock consistency (content of cellulosic material in solid form).

This document specifies testing procedures for the instrumental determination of brightness and colour of tissue paper and tissue products viewed in indoor daylight conditions. It also gives specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces (single-ply, multi-ply products) and for the optical measurements of products, where special precautions can be necessary.
NOTE      The properties called D65 brightness and colour are measured with an instrument adjusted to a much higher UV content than that specified in this document.

This document specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the dry matter content in suspensions of cellulosic nanomaterials. The procedure is applicable to cellulosic nanomaterial suspensions which do not contain any appreciable quantities of materials other than water that are volatile at the temperature of 105 °C ± 2 °C. It is used, for example, in the case of cellulosic nanomaterial suspensions samples taken for chemical and physical tests in the laboratory, when a concurrent determination of dry matter content is required.
NOTE      This document determines the total dry matter content of the sample, including any dissolved solids. If only the cellulosic material content free of dissolved solids is desired, dissolved solids are removed prior to measuring the dry matter content, e.g. by washing or dialysis, taking care to retain all cellulosic material.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the tensile strength, stretch at maximum force and tensile energy absorption of tissue paper and tissue products. It uses a tensile-testing apparatus operating with a constant rate of elongation.
It also specifies the method of calculating the tensile index and the tensile energy absorption index.

This document specifies the relevant International Standards used for the determination of physical properties of laboratory sheets made of all types of pulps.
It is applicable to laboratory sheets prepared in accordance with ISO 5269‑1, ISO 5269‑2 or ISO 5269‑3.

This document provides guidance on the interpretation of Clause 2.2 “prohibited materials” of EN 643:2014 and provides definitions and examples to help the users to meet EN 643 requirements. It does not add to, subtract from, or in any way modify the requirements of the EN 643 standard. This document does not prescribe mandatory approaches to implementation.
This document does not modify Clause 5.2 of EN 643.

This document specifies a method of obtaining, for test purposes, a gross sample representative of a certain lot of pulp. This document applies to all kinds of pulp delivered in bales or rolls. It is intended for use when sampling for all kinds of testing purposes except for the determination of saleable mass, in which case other International Standards apply such as ISO 801-1 and ISO 801-2.
If, however, the pulp is to be tested for saleable mass in addition to other properties, the gross sample obtained according to the appropriate International Standard for sampling saleable mass can also be used for the other pulp property tests.

This document describes a procedure to gravimetrically determine the physical composition of paper and board for recycling by manually separating/sorting the individual components (including any unwanted materials) and determining the relative masses.

This document specifies testing procedures for the instrumental determination of brightness and colour of tissue paper and tissue products viewed under outdoor daylight conditions. It also gives specific instructions for the preparation of test pieces (single-ply, multi-ply products) and for the optical measurements of products, where special precautions can be necessary.
NOTE       The properties called ISO brightness and colour with C/2° (indoor daylight) are measured with an instrument adjusted to a much lower UV content than that specified in this document. The measurements of ISO brightness and colour with C/2° (indoor daylight) are described in ISO 12625-15.

This document specifies a method to assess the disintegration of tissue paper and tissue products when subjected to mechanical agitation in water.

This document specifies an analytical test method for the determination of anthraquinone (see Table 1) in water and 95 % ethanol extracts of pulp, paper and board materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Moreover, acetone extracts of modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) that, according to EN 14338, can be used as a simulant to assess the possible transfer/migration of substances from paper and board into dry, non-fatty foodstuffs can be analysed with the method presented here.
This method can be applied to determine anthraquinone in concentrations ranging from 2 μg/l to 40 μg/l in the water and solvent extracts, corresponding to 0,05 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg pulp, paper and board or, respectively, 0,1 μg/dm2 to 2 μg/dm2 in the case of migration tests with MPPO. The measurement range can be lowered by enriching anthraquinone from the water and solvent extracts.

This document specifies a method for determining the grammage of paper and board.

This document specifies an analytical test method for the determination of bisphenol A in solvent extracts of paper and board materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs using a high performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD).
This method can be applied to determine bisphenol A (see Table 1) in concentrations ranging from 0,025 mg/l to 2 mg/l in the solvent extracts, corresponding to 0,05 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg paper and board. The measurement range can easily be extended up to 40 mg/kg by adjusting the concentration factor of the solvent extract.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the resistance to mechanical penetration (ball burst strength procedure) of tissue paper and tissue products after wetting.

This document establishes general principles for the use of terms in the entire working field of tissue paper and tissue products.
It permits the use of a common terminology in industry and commerce.
It is expressly stated that ISO 15755 applies for the detection of impurities and contraries in tissue paper and tissue products.
For the determination of moisture content in tissue paper and tissue products, ISO 287 applies.

This document specifies a method of obtaining representative samples from a lot of paper and board for recycling for testing to determine whether or not its composition and quality complies with the requirements of EN 643 and/or other specifications.
This document also specifies the positioning of probes, when in situ measurements are performed.
It defines the sampling procedures which apply when sampling is carried out to resolve compliance issues and commercial disputes between buyer and seller relating to a lot of paper and board for recycling, at any point in the value chain, where those procedures are not defined in the contract between buyer and seller.
This document is not specifically intended for routine monitoring of processes or quality, but the procedures described may be used to form the basis of an agreement between supplier and buyer.
This document is not applicable if the material is not intended for recycling.
The method is not intended for determining the variability within a lot, however the general sampling principles can be applied.

This document describes two representative methods for the determination of the extractable amount of specific primary aromatic amines (PAA) in a water extract of paper, board and pulp samples by means of HPLC with MS/MS detection which basically differ concerning the choice of the mobile and stationary phases. Deviating from this standard further methods may be applicable if it can be shown that comparable results can be achieved. A validation should be carried out by each laboratory.
It is applicable for the determination of the 22 primary aromatic amines (PAA) mentioned in the annex of Directive 2002/61/EC of 19th July 2002 amending Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the market and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (azocolourants) which are classified as carcinogenic categories 1A and 1B according to the CLP regulation and aniline.
The method described by this standard should be also applicable for the determination of further primary aromatic amines (PAA). A validation for every further analyte has to be done by the laboratory using this method.
The extractable amount of a primary aromatic amine (PAA) is expressed in mg PAA per litre water extract. This method is suitable for the determination of PAA with a working range of about 0,001 mg/l - 0,020 mg/l water extract.
Deviating from this standard further methods may be applicable if it can be shown that comparable results can be achieved. A validation should be carried out by each laboratory.

This document describes a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of a corrugating medium after laboratory fluting using an A-flute geometry.
The procedure is applicable to any corrugating medium intended to be used, after fluting, in the manufacture of corrugated board.
NOTE       ISO 7263-2 describes a method to determine the flat crush resistance using a B-flute geometry.

This document describes a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of a corrugating medium after laboratory fluting using a B-flute geometry.
The procedure is applicable to any corrugating medium intended to be used, after fluting, in the manufacture of corrugated board.
NOTE       ISO 7263-1 describes a method to determine the flat crush resistance using an A-flute geometry.

This document is one in a series of Standards for the determination of heavy metals in an aqueous extract of paper or board intended for contact with food. This document specifies the test method for the determination of cadmium, lead and chromium in an aqueous extract.
It is applicable to paper and paperboard with extractable metal contents exceeding
-   0,1 mg per kg for cadmium,
-   0,6 mg per kg for lead,
-   0,25 mg per kg for chromium.
Metal content levels below those given can be measured by this document if very sensitive equipment is available and if all other laboratory conditions fulfil the requirements for trace element analysis.

This document describes procedures for the testing of the fastness of fluorescent whitened paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Some procedures depending on the foreseeable use of the material are given.
Visual absence of the glass fibre paper’s fluorescence under UV light is evaluated.
For samples having significant different sides, a migration can occur from one glass fibre to the other and could lead to wrong interpretation of the fastness of one side. It is advisable to check these samples using large sampling procedure to prevent cross contamination of the glass fibre during the migration procedure. The procedure is described in Annex A. If lower limit of detection is required, this procedure can also be used.

This document describes procedures for the testing of dyed paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Some procedures depending on the foreseeable use of the material are given.
Visual evaluation against a grey scale provides grading of the bleeding.
For samples having significant different sides, a migration can occur from one glass fibre to the other and could lead to wrong interpretation of the fastness of one side. It is advisable to check these samples using large sampling procedure to prevent cross contamination of the glass fibre during the migration procedure. The procedure is described in Annex A. If lower limit of detection is required, this procedure could also be used.

This document specifies a method for the determination of transfer of antimicrobial constituents from paper and board materials and articles intended for food contact.
NOTE   The need of using this Standard may be specified by the legislation regarding paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.

ISO 287:2017 specifies an oven-drying method for the determination of the moisture content of a lot of paper and board. The procedure in Clause 8, describing how the test pieces are drawn from the lot, is performed at the time of sampling.
ISO 287:2017 is applicable to every type of lot of paper and board, including corrugated board and solid board, provided that the paper or board does not contain any substances, other than water, that are volatile at the temperature specified in this document.
NOTE       For determination of the dry matter content of a sample of paper or board, e.g. for calculation of the dry mass of the sample, ISO 638[1] can be used.

ISO 12625-6:2016 specifies a test method for the determination of grammage of tissue paper and tissue products.

ISO 8254-2:2016 specifies a photometric test method for the assessment of visual gloss by means of a reflectometer value measured at an angle of 75°. It is applicable to plane paper and board surfaces of gloss levels below 65, measured according to ISO 8254-2:2016. It should be the preferred method for paper and board surfaces of gloss levels below 20, measured according to ISO 8254-2:2016. Materials containing optical brightening agents may be measured.

ISO 12625-9:2015 specifies a test method for the determination of the resistance to mechanical penetration (ball burst strength procedure) of tissue paper and tissue products.
Currently, two types of clamping devices are available on the market with two different diameters, one is with 50 mm and one is with 89 mm. ISO 12625-9:2015 applies for a 50 mm clamping device to be able to measure all sample sizes of tissue paper and tissue products and to be consistent with ISO 12625-11.

ISO 2758:2014 specifies a method for measuring the bursting strength of paper submitted to increasing hydraulic pressure. It is applicable to paper having bursting strengths within the range 70 kPa to 1 400 kPa. It is not intended to be used for the components (such as fluting medium or linerboard) of a combined board, for which the method given in ISO 2759 is more suitable.

ISO 2759:2014 specifies a method for measuring the bursting strength of board submitted to increasing hydraulic pressure. It is applicable to all types of board (including corrugated and solid fibreboard) having bursting strengths within the range 350 kPa to 5 500 kPa. It is also applicable to papers or boards having bursting strengths as low as 250 kPa if the paper or board is to be used to prepare a material of higher bursting strength, such as corrugated board. In such cases, the measurements will not necessarily have the accuracy or precision stated for this method.

This European Standard specifies a test method for the laboratory assessment of the potential cytotoxic effect of paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs using specifically the HepG2 cell line.
Compared to the EN 15845[1], HepG2 cells are more representative of a human oral exposure to xenobiotics, due to the presence in the cells of phase I, II and III enzymes of the metabolism.

ISO 14453:2014 describes the determination of acetone-soluble matter in pulp.
It is applicable to all types of pulp. The lower limit of the determination is about 0,05 %. This limit can be lowered by increasing the amount of sample analysed.

ISO 12625-3:2014 specifies a test method for the determination of thickness and bulking thickness and the calculation of apparent bulk density and bulk of tissue papers and tissue products under a pressure of 2,0 kPa.

This European Standard defines grades of paper and board for recycling used as raw material for recycling in the manufacture of paper and board products in the paper industry.
This European Standard also specifies tolerances for unwanted materials as well as the composition of paper and board for recycling. Unusable materials (prohibited and unwanted materials) are clearly defined for all people involved in the management of paper and board for recycling.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of phthalates in water, solvent and modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) extracts of paper and board materials and articles intended for food contact using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
This method is applicable to the determination of phthalates in concentration ranging from 0,002 mg/L to 5 mg/L for water and solvent extracts and 0,0005 mg/dm² to 0,25 mg/dm² for MPPO migration depending on the individual substance and the value of the blank.

ISO 217:2013 specifies a primary range and a supplementary range of untrimmed sizes of paper in sheets which are to be trimmed to sizes as given in ISO 216 and establishes a system of designation of untrimmed sizes.
ISO 217:2013 also specifies the method for the indication of machine direction of untrimmed sizes.

ISO 1974:2012 specifies a method for determining the (out-of-plane) tearing resistance of paper. It can also be used for boards having a low grammage if the tearing resistance is within the range of the instrument.
ISO 1974:2012 does not apply to corrugated fibreboard, but it may be applied to the components of such boards. It is not suitable for determining the cross-direction tearing resistance of highly directional paper (or board).

This International Standard specifies two methods for measuring the thickness of paper and board:
a) the measurement of a single sheet of paper or board as a single sheet thickness;
b) the measurement of a pack of sheets of paper as a bulking thickness.
This International Standard also specifies calculation methods
— for the apparent sheet density and for the apparent bulk density, and
— for the apparent specific sheet volume and for the apparent specific bulk volume
from the thickness determinations.
This International Standard is not applicable to corrugated fibreboard. In addition, the measurement of bulking
thickness, method b) above, is not suitable for board1).
NOTE The two methods generally lead to different results. These methods are not applicable to tissue paper and
tissue products. For tissue paper and tissue products, ISO 12625-3 should be used.

2011-01-14 EMA: // final draft received in ISO/CS (see notification in dataservice from 2011-01-13).

ISO 15320:2011 specifies a test method for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in an aqueous extract of pulp, paper and board. Although it was developed for paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs, it is applicable to all kinds of pulp, paper and board.
The working range for acetylation is 0,05 mg/kg to 0,5 mg/kg.

ISO 5264-2:2011 specifies a method for the laboratory beating of pulp using a PFI mill. The description is limited to the sampling, preparation and beating of the pulp and the beating equipment.
In principle, this method is applicable to all kinds of chemical and semi-chemical pulps. In practice, the method might not give satisfactory results with certain pulps having extremely long fibres.

ISO 12625-8:2010 specifies a basket-immersion test method for the determination of water-absorption time and water-absorption capacity of tissue paper and tissue products.
It is expressly stated that the detection of impurities and contraries in tissue paper and tissue products be applied according to ISO 15755.
For the determination of moisture content in tissue paper and tissue products, ISO 287 is applicable.

This European Standard specifies a test method for the laboratory assessment of the potential cytotoxic effect of paper and board materials. This test method is intended to assess wet contact with food simulant.