EN ISO 4022:2006
(Main)Permeable sintered metal materials - Determination of fluid permeability (ISO 4022:1987)
Permeable sintered metal materials - Determination of fluid permeability (ISO 4022:1987)
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (i. e. ISO 4022:1977). The test is carried out under such conditions that the fluid permeability can be expressed in terms of viscous and inertia permeability coefficients (see annex A). Does not apply to very long hollow cylindrical test pieces of small diameter. Annex B gives test fluids.
Durchlässige Sintermetallwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der Flüssigkeitsdurchlässigkeit (ISO 4022:1987)
Diese Internationale Norm legt ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der spezifischen Durchströmbarkeit von durchlässigen Sintermetallen fest, in denen die Poren durchgehend und miteinander verbunden sind. Die Prüfung wird unter solchen Bedingungen durchgeführt, dass die spezifische Durchströmbarkeit als Viskosität und Trägheits-Permeabilitätskoeffizient ausgedrückt wird (siehe Anhang A).
Diese Internationale Norm gilt nicht für sehr lange Hohlzylinder mit kleinem Durchmesser, in denen der Druckabfall in der Flüssigkeit beim Durchströmen der Zylinder beträchtlich ist, verglichen mit dem Druckabfall beim Durchströmen der Seitenwände (siehe Anhang A, Abschnitt A.5).
Matériaux métalliques frittés perméables - Détermination de la perméabilité aux fluides (ISO 4022:1987)
La présente Norme internationale spécifie une méthode pour déterminer la perméabilité aux fluides des matériaux métalliques frittés perméables dans lesquels la porosité est franchement continue ou interconnectée. Les essais sont faits dans des conditions telles que la perméabilité peut être exprimée par des coefficients de perméabilité liés à la viscosité et aux forces d'inertie (voir annexe A). Dans le cas où l'on détermine la perméabilité de cylindres creux dont la longueur est grande par rapport au diamètre, il existe une perte de charge dans le fluide le long de l'intérieur du cylindre, laquelle peut ne pas être négligeable par rapport à la perte de charge à travers la paroi. Dans ce cas, la présente Norme internationale n'est pas applicable (voir annexe A, chapitre A.5).
Prepustne sintrane kovine - Ugotavljanje prepuščanja tekočin (ISO 4022:1987)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2007
3UHSXVWQHVLQWUDQHNRYLQH8JRWDYOMDQMHSUHSXãþDQMDWHNRþLQ ,62
Permeable sintered metal materials - Determination of fluid permeability (ISO 4022:1987)
Durchlässige Sintermetallwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der Flüssigkeitsdurchlässigkeit (ISO
4022:1987)
Matériaux métalliques frittés perméables - Détermination de la perméabilité aux fluides
(ISO 4022:1987)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4022:2006
ICS:
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 4022
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2006
ICS 77.160
English Version
Permeable sintered metal materials - Determination of fluid
permeability (ISO 4022:1987)
Matériaux métalliques frittés perméables - Détermination Durchlässige Sintermetallwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der
de la perméabilité aux fluides (ISO 4022:1987) Flüssigkeitsdurchlässigkeit (ISO 4022:1987)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4022:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
The text of ISO 4022:1987 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 "Powder
metallurgy” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over
as EN ISO 4022:2006 by Technical Committee CEN/SS M11 "Powder metallurgy", the
secretariat of which is held by CMC.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4022:1987 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4022:2006 without any
modifications.
ISO
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Second edition
1987-10-01
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEXflYHAPO,4HAR OPTAHM3A~MR l-l0 CTAHflAPTM3AuMM
Permeable sintered metal materials - Determination
of fluid permeability
Matkaux m6 tafliques fr&& permeables - Determination de la perm&abifitk aux fluides
Foreword
ISO (the International Organkation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards bedies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard ISO 4022 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119,
Powder metahrgy.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4022 : 19771, of which it
constitutes a minor revision.
Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time
and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its
latest edition, unless otherwise stated.
International Organkation for Standardkation, 1987
Printed in Switzerland
ISO 4022 : 1987 (E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Permeable sintered metal materials - Determination
of fluid permeability
1 Scope and field of application 2 Reference
I SO 2738, Permeabfe sin tered metal materials - Determination
This International Standard specifies a method for the deter- of density, oil content and open porosity.
mination of the fluid permeability of permeable sintered metal
materials in which the porosity is deliberately continuous or in-
3 Principle
terconnecting, testing being carried out under such conditions
that the fluid permeability tan be expressed in terms of viscous Passage of a test fluid of known viscosity and density through a
test piece, and measurement of the pressure drop and the
and inertia permeability coefficients (see annex A).
volumetric flow rate.
This International Standard does not apply to very long hollow Determination of the viscous and inertia permeability coeffi-
cylindrical test pieces of small diameter, in which the pressure
cients, which are Parameters of a formula describing the rela-
drop of the fluid in passing along the bore of the cylinder may tionship between the pressure drop, the volumetric flow rate,
not be negligible compared with the pressure drop of the fluid
the viscosity and density of the test fluid. and the dimensions of
passing through the wall thickness (sec annex A, clause A.5). the porous metal test piece permeated by this fluid.
ISO 4022 : 1987 (E)
4 Symbols and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the Symbols and definitions given in the table apply:
Table - . Symbols and definitions
/ Symbol Definition Unit
Term
I
-
Permeability Ability of a porous metal to pass a fluid under the action of a
-
pressure gradient
Test area A Area of a porous metal normal to the direction of the fluid flow m2
Thickness e Dimension of the test piece in the direction of fluid flow
a) for flat test pieces: equal to the thickness
m
b) for hollow cylinders: given by the equation in 6.1.2
Length L Length of cylinder (sec figure 2) m
I
Volume flow rate at which a fluid of unit viscosity is transmitted
Viscous permeability coefficient
‘y”
through unit area of porous metal permeated under the action of
unit pressure gradient when the resistance to fluid flow is due only
m2
to viscous losses. lt is independent of the quantity of porous metal
considered.
Inertia permeability coeff icient Volume flow rate at which a fluid of unit density is transmitted
Vi
through unit area of porous metal permeated under the action of
unit pressure gradient when the resistance to fluid flow is due only
m
to inertia losses. lt is independent of the quantity of porous metal
considered.
Volume flow rate Mass flow rate of the fluid divided by its density
m3/s
Q
Upstream pressure Pressure upstrean of the test piece
Pl
Downstream pressure Pressure downstream of the test piece N/m2
p2
Mean pressure Half the sum of the upstream and downstream pressures
P
Pressure drop Differente between the pressures on the upstream and down-
AP
stream surfaces of the porous test piece N/m2
Pressure gradient Aple Pressure drop divided by the thickness of porous test piece 1 N/m3
I
Velocity Ratio of the volumetric flow rate to the test area
mls
QIA
l
Density
Density of the test fluid at the mean temperature and pressure 1 kglm3
I e
Dynamit viscosity Absolute dynamic viscosity coefficient as defined by Newton’s law 1
Ns/m2
Apparatus correction (to be subtracted Pressure differente observed between the upstream and
from the obset-ved pressure drop)
downstream pressure tappings when the test apparatus is used
without a porous test piece in Position. (lt varies with the flow rate
Nlm2
through the apparatus and arises from venturi effects at the
pressure tappings and other Causes)
Mean absolute temperature T Half the sum of the temperatures of the fluid at the upstream side
K
and the downstream side of the test piece
5 Test piece This International Standard refers to two different types of ap-
paratus suitable for determining the fluid permeability of porous
Before testing with gas, all liquid shall be removed from the test pieces.
pores of the test piece. Oil and grease shall be removed by
using a suitable solvent with the extraction method given in
6.1.1 Guard ring test head for fiat test pieces
ISO 2738. The test piece shall be dried before testing.
This is a type of test apparatus which is recommended for
carrying out non-destructive testing of partial areas of flat
6 Apparatus
porous sheets.
6.1 Equipment The permeable metal sheet is clamped between two pairs of
flexible Seals. The inner pair, corresponding to the test area,
The choice of apparatus is mainly dictated by the size, shape has a mean diameter of D,. The outer pair, of mean diameter
and physical characteristics of the test piece.
Dz, forms a guard ring surrounding the test-area, which is
ISO 4022 : 1987 (E)
pressurized to prevent side leakage from the test area (sec The guard ring test head minimizes side leakage by ensuring
figure 1). The width of the annulus formed by the guard ring that the pressure is the same in the inner and outer chambers.
test head shail be not less than the thickness of the sheet, Le. : On the upperstream face of the test piece, this is achieved by
arranging that the port area connecting the upper chambers (as
shown in figure 1) is as large as possible. On the downstream
D2 - Q
face of the test piece, the inner chamber leads to a flowmeter,
>e
2 usually subject to a small back pressure, and the outer chamber
Test fluid (for example air) from
adjustable pressure-control vaive
(Alternative entry for test fluid)
,- Clamping forte
I
Port area as large as possible
Outer
Inner seal (‘0’ ri
i
Ad justable pressure-
Aalizing valve
eq’
Line b
‘-
a
b
r
“U ‘1
= Mean diameter of the inner Seals
= Test head diameter
D2
Q
= Volumetric flow rate, at pressure g2
Q2
Atmospheric pressure
Po =
Test piece
T
= Downstream guard ring pressure, adjusted to be equal to p2
p3
p2 - po = Pressure drop across flowmeter
P
p, - p2 = Pressure drop across porous metal
Figure 1 - Guard ring test head
ISO4022:1987 (EI
6.1.2 Jig for hsllow cylindrical test pieces
leads to atmosphere via a pressure-equalizing vaive. This vaive
is adjusted to equalize the pressure in the inner and outer
The permeability of hollow cylindrical test pieces is convenient-
chambers. The fitting of a restrictor between the test piece and
ly measured by clamping the cylinder axially between two flat
the flowmeter, to increase the back pressure and thus permit
surfaces and causing the test fluid to permeate outwards
more stable control of the pressure-equalizing valve, is allowed.
through the wall of the cylinder. An example is shown in
figure 2. The flowmeter is placed upstream of the test piece.
However, ideally, the pressure on the downstream face of the
When clamping the porous metal cylinder under test, suffi-
test piece should be as near as possible to atmospheric
ciently flexible Seals shall be used to overcome surface
pressure and a restrictor should not be used unless necessary
irregularities so as to ensure Ieak-free sealing.
for the adjustment of the pressure drop in the flowmeter.
6.2 Test fluids
Toroidal sealing rings (“0’‘-rings) are recommended for the
inner Seals.
In the majority of cases, gases are more convenient test fluids
than liquids (see annex B).
The Seals shall be sufficiently flexible to overcome all surface
imperfections and lack of flatness of the porous metal. In some
Test gases shall be clean and dry.
instances it may be necessary to load the inner and outer Seals
separately to ensure leak-free sealing.
By agreement between the interested Parties, liquids may be
used where the permeability with reference to a specific liquid
is required. This liquid shall be clean and free from dissolved
Two upper and two lower Seals are required and these shall be
in line with each other. gases.
Clamping forte Line a
-7
G-----l Q, = Qq
Q
f
T
a
Flowmeter
v
Q I
Pa ‘= Pl
Seal d
-c
Test piece
\\\\\ i-l\\\’
1 1/ / 1 V//l
&=Q2
Line b
T
b
Pb = P2
Seal J
L 1
NOTE - The diameter dO should be approximately equal to diameter (/ and the
distance h should be as small as possible to minimize the apparatus correction.
Jig for testing hollow cylindrical test pieces
Figure 2 -
ISO 4022 : 1987 (EI
7.4 Measurement of pressures and temperatures
7 Procedure
lt is necessary to measure the pressure a nd te lmpera ture at the
7.1 Measurement of thickness and area of the
th
flowmeter and e test piece in Order to
test piece
-
correct the reading of the flowmeter;
7.1 .l Flat test pieces
-
calculate the mean flow rate through the test piece;
The size of micrometer anvils shall not be larger than the size of
the surface irregularities, nor smalier than the pore size. - determine the density and the viscosity sf the test fluid.
The test area is defined as that area normal to the direction of
fluid flow, and, provided that the pressure gradien
...
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