prEN 13445-11

Unfired pressure vessels - Part 11: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of titanium and titanium alloys

This Part 11 of this European Standard specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their parts made of titanium and titanium alloys in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure vessels under EN 13445:2014 Parts 1 to 5.
NOTE 1   Cast materials, HIP and additive manufacturing are not included in this version. Details regarding such materials will be subject to an amendment to or a revision of this European Standard.
NOTE 2   Materials in Groups 51.4 and 54 are not included in this version.

Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 11: Zusätzliche Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus Titan und Titanlegierungen

Dieser Teil 11 dieser Europäischen Norm legt die Anforderungen an unbefeuerte Druckbehälter und ihre Teile aus Titan oder Titanlegierungen zusätzlich zu den allgemeinen Anforderungen an unbefeuerte Druckbehälter nach EN 13445:2014, Teile 1 bis 5 fest.
ANMERKUNG 1   Gusswerkstoffe, HIP und additive Fertigung sind nicht in dieser Version enthalten. Einzelheiten zu diesen Werkstoffen werden einer Änderung oder Revision dieser Europäischen Norm unterliegen.
ANMERKUNG 2   Werkstoffe der Gruppen 51.4 und 54 sind nicht in dieser Version enthalten.

Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 11 : Exigences supplémentaires pour les récipients sous pression en titane et alliage de titane

Nekurjene tlačne posode - 11. del: Dodatne zahteve za tlačne posode iz titana in titanovih zlitin

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 23.020.30 - Pressure vessels, gas cylinders
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 54 - Unfired pressure vessels
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 54/WG 7 - Pressure vessels constructed from titanium and titanium alloys
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Due Date: 21-Oct-2019
• Directive: 2014/68/EU - Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/071 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of Pressure equipment
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 13445-11:2019 - Unfired pressure vessels - Part 11: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of titanium and titanium alloys

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13445-11:2019
01-januar-2019
1HRJUHYDQHQHNXUMHQHWODþQHSRVRGHGHO'RGDWQH]DKWHYH]DWODþQHSRVRGH
L]WLWDQDLQWLWDQRYLK]OLWLQ

Unfired pressure vessels - Part 11: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of

titanium and titanium alloys

Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 11: Zusätzliche Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus

Titan und Titanlegierungen
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 11 : Exigences
complémentaires pour les récipients sous pression en titan et alliages de titan
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13445-11
ICS:
23.020.32 7ODþQHSRVRGH Pressure vessels
77.150.50 Titanovi izdelki Titanium products
oSIST prEN 13445-11:2019 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 13445-11:2019
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13445-11
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2018
ICS 23.020.30
English Version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 11: Additional
requirements for pressure vessels of titanium and
titanium alloys
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 11: Zusätzliche
Anforderungen an Druckbehälter aus Titan und
Titanlegierungen

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 54.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13445-11:2018 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units .................................................................................................... 6

4 General requirements ................................................................................................................................... 6

5 Materials ............................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 6

5.2 Material specification .................................................................................................................................... 6

5.3 Material grouping system ............................................................................................................................ 7

5.4 Material documentation ............................................................................................................................... 7

5.5 Prevention of brittle fracture ..................................................................................................................... 7

5.6 Lamellar tearing .............................................................................................................................................. 7

6 Design .................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

6.2 Corrosion, erosion and protection ............................................................................................................ 7

6.3 Joint coefficient ................................................................................................................................................ 7

6.4 Time-independent nominal design stress ............................................................................................. 8

6.5 Creep design ...................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.6 Shells under external pressure .................................................................................................................. 9

6.7 Flanges ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

6.8 Fatigue design ................................................................................................................................................ 10

7 Manufacture ................................................................................................................................................... 10

7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10

7.2 Filler metals ................................................................................................................................................... 10

7.3 Attachment of dissimilar metals ............................................................................................................. 11

7.4 Backing strips, joggle joints and partial penetration welds ......................................................... 11

7.5 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPQR) ......................................................... 11

7.6 Qualification of welders and welding operators .............................................................................. 11

7.7 Joint preparation .......................................................................................................................................... 11

7.8 Execution of welded joints ........................................................................................................................ 11

7.9 Preheat ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

7.10 Production test, reference criteria ........................................................................................................ 12

7.11 Extent of testing ............................................................................................................................................ 12

7.12 Performance of test and acceptance criteria ..................................................................................... 13

7.13 Forming procedures .................................................................................................................................... 13

7.14 Heat treatment after forming .................................................................................................................. 14

7.15 Sampling of formed products .................................................................................................................. 15

7.16 Tests .................................................................................................................................................................. 16

7.17 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) ......................................................................................................... 16

7.18 Repairs ............................................................................................................................................................. 16

8 Inspection and testing ................................................................................................................................ 16

8.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 16

8.2 Non-destructive testing of welded joints ............................................................................................. 16

8.3 Determination of extent of non-destructive testing ........................................................................ 17

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8.4 Selection of non destructive testing methods for internal imperfections ............................... 20

8.5 Selection of non destructive testing methods for surface imperfections ................................. 20

8.6 Assessment of defects ................................................................................................................................. 20

8.7 Standard hydrostatic test .......................................................................................................................... 20

9 Finishing operations .................................................................................................................................... 20

Annex A (normative) Grouping system for titanium and titanium alloys............................................... 21

Annex B (informative) Table B-1 contains information on European and international

standards for titanium and titanium alloys for pressure purposes ........................................... 22

Annex C (normative) Base materials .................................................................................................................... 23

Annex D (informative) Physical properties of titanium and titanium alloys ......................................... 25

D.1 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................................... 25

D.1.1 Density .............................................................................................................................................................. 25

D.1.2 Poisson’s ratio ................................................................................................................................................ 25

D.2 Physical properties of titanium and titanium alloys ....................................................................... 25

D.2.1 Polynomial coefficients .............................................................................................................................. 25

D.2.2 Figures for physical properties of titanium and titanium alloys ................................................ 26

Annex E (informative) Creep data for titanium oxygen alloys .................................................................... 28

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered..................................................... 29

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 30

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European foreword

This document (prEN 13445-11:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired

pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the

European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this

document.
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1 Scope

This Part 11 of this European Standard specifies requirements for unfired pressure vessels and their

parts made of titanium and titanium alloys in addition to the general requirements for unfired pressure

vessels under EN 13445:2014 Parts 1 to 5.

NOTE 1 Cast materials, HIP and additive manufacturing are not included in this version. Details regarding such

materials will be subject to an amendment to or a revision of this European Standard.

NOTE 2 Materials in Groups 51.4 and 54 are not included in this version.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 764-5:2014, Pressure equipment - Part 5: Inspection documentation of metallic materials and

compliance with the material specification
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
EN 13445-1:2014, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 1: General
EN 13445-2:2014, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials
EN 13445-3:2014, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 3: Design
EN 13445-4:2014, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication
EN 13445-5:2014, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 5: Inspection and testing

EN ISO 9606-5:2000, Approval testing of welders - Fusion welding - Part 5: Titanium and titanium alloys,

zirconium and zirconium alloys (ISO 9606-5)

EN ISO 15614-5:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials -

Welding procedure test - Part 5: Arc welding of titanium, zirconium and their alloys (ISO 15614-5:2004)

EN ISO 15614-8:2016, Specification and qualification of welding procedure for metallic materials -

Welding procedure test - Welding of tubes to tube-plate joints (ISO 15614-8:2016)

CEN ISO/TR 15608:2017, Welding - Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system (ISO/TR

15608:2017)

ASME Section II Part D – 2017, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II – Materials, Part D –

Properties 2017 edition

ASME SB-265 / ASTM B265, Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and

Plate

ASME SB-338 / ASTM B338, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy

Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers

ASME SB-348 / ASTM B348, Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets

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ASME SB-363 / ASTM B363, Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Unalloyed Titanium and

Titanium Alloy Welding Fittings

ASME SB-381 / ASTM B381, Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings

ASME SB-861 / ASTM B861, Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe

DIN 17850, Titanium; chemical composition
DIN 17851, Titanium alloys; chemical composition

DIN 17860, Titanium and titanium alloy strip, sheet and plate - Technical conditions of delivery

DIN 17861, Seamless circular titanium and titanium alloy tubes; Technical delivery conditions

DIN 17862, Titanium and titanium alloy bars - Technical delivery conditions

DIN 17864, Titanium and titanium wrought alloys forgings (hammer and drop forgings) - Technical

delivery conditions
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms, definitions, symbols and units given in

EN 13445:2014 Parts 1 to 5 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 General requirements
The general requirements of EN 13445-1:2014 shall apply.
5 Materials
5.1 General

The general requirements of EN 13445-2:2014 shall apply with the following additions/exclusions in

5.2 to 5.6.

The base materials, listed in Annex C, additionally specified with the extra requirements given in the

main body of this European Standard, are suitable for and may be employed in the manufacture of

pressure vessels conforming to EN 13445-11.

NOTE Materials not listed in Annex C cannot be used without European approval of pressure equipment

materials (EAMs) or Particular material appraisal (PMA).
5.2 Material specification

The material specification shall specify the composition limits for all constituents, heat treatment and

the appropriate mechanical properties for acceptance and other purposes.

Only material having a minimum elongation after fracture of not less than 10 %, in its final fabricated

state, shall be used for construction of pressure vessels.
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NOTE To achieve this it may be necessary to start with a higher elongation, e.g. 14 %, prior to cold forming.

5.3 Material grouping system

Annex A of EN 13445-2:2014 is not applicable to pressure vessels of titanium and titanium alloys and is

replaced by Annex A of this part 11 of EN 13445.

The grouping system for titanium and its alloys shown in Table A.1 of this part 11 of EN 13445 is based

on ISO/TR 15608:2017. However, only the grades included in Annex C are considered suitable for

welded pressure vessel construction.
5.4 Material documentation

Materials for pressure bearing parts compliant with the requirements of this European Standard shall

be accompanied by inspection documentation in accordance with EN 10204:2004.

The type of inspection document shall be in accordance with EN 764-5:2014 and include a declaration

of compliance to the material specification.
5.5 Prevention of brittle fracture

There are no general requirements for titanium and titanium alloys at temperatures down to

— −100 °C for group 51.1 and 51.2, and
— −60 °C for all other Groups.

Below these temperatures adequate toughness shall be demonstrated by impact testing achieving an

average of 27 Joules in the base material, welds, and heat affected zones. Alternatively a fracture

mechanics approach in line with EN 13445-2:2014, Annex B method 3 may be employed.

5.6 Lamellar tearing

Specific requirements of lamellar tearing for pressure vessels of titanium and its alloys are not

applicable.
6 Design
6.1 General

All the requirements included in EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply, with the following amendments, given in

6.2 to 6.7.
Physical properties of titanium and titanium alloys are given in Annex D.
6.2 Corrosion, erosion and protection

Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys have outstanding resistance to a wide range of

reducing, neutral and oxidizing corrosive media. As a general rule no allowance is required for pitting

or general corrosion.

Caution is required in the design of joints and the selection of gasket materials where crevice corrosion

could occur.
6.3 Joint coefficient

For normal operating load cases the value of joint coefficient z is given in Table 6.3-1. It is related to the

testing group of the governing welded joints.
Testing groups are specified in 8.2 of this part 11 of EN 13445.
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Table 6.3–1 — Joint coefficient and corresponding testing group
z 1 0,8
Testing group 1 3
6.4 Time-independent nominal design stress

The design stress for titanium and titanium alloy materials entering service in the annealed condition

following removal of test coupons at the material manufacturer’s works, shall be evaluated in

accordance with Table 6.4-1.

Table 6.4–1 — Maximum allowed values of the nominal design stress for titanium and titanium

alloy materials for pressure parts
Grade/group Design stress for normal Design stress for testing and
operating load cases exceptional load cases
(MPa) (MPa)
 R
p1,0/T p1,0/T
m/T
test
f = min ;
f =
test
51.1 and 51.2
 
1,5 3
1,05
All others
 R
p0,2/T p0,2/T
m/T
test
f = min ;
f =
test
 
1,5 3
1,05

For design temperatures not exceeding 50 °C, the value of the design stress evaluated at 20 °C may be

used.
Note In case values of Rp 1.0/T are not available, Rp 0,2/T values can be used.

Tensile and other strength values at room temperature may be used at temperatures below 20 °C.

However, the specific requirements of individual PMAs or Annex C shall be taken into account.

6.5 Creep design

Where guaranteed creep rupture data are available for the intended life of the vessel from the material

specification or the material manufacturer, design stresses for normal operating load cases shall be

obtained from Table 6.5-1.

Where creep data are not available, a safe design can be achieved by using the design stresses in

Table 6.4-1 but taking R in place of .
p0,2/T Rp 1,0/T
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Table 6.5-1 — Maximum allowed values of the nominal design stress for titanium and titanium

alloy materials for pressure parts for creep design when guaranteed creep rupture data is

available
Design stress for normal operating load cases
Grade/group
(MPa)
All
p0,2/T
m/Tt/
f = min ;
1,5 1,5

R is the mean creep rupture strength at calculation temperature T and lifetime t (EN 13445-3:2014,

m/T/t
19.3)

Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys can exhibit time dependent deformation when loads

are sustained for long periods near the proof stress value. Informative Annex E gives typical properties.

NOTE Time-dependent deformation is particularly relevant where the design conditions result in R /3

m/T/t

exceeding 70 % of Rp0,2/T. In such circumstances the designer should consider the effect of those properties which

influence time dependent deformation, and take specialist metallurgical advice as appropriate.

6.6 Shells under external pressure

The requirements in Clause 8 of EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply with the following modifications as

shown in Table 6.6-1:
Table 6.6–1 — Nominal elastic limit
Elastic limit for shells Elastic limit for stiffeners
Grade/group (MPa) (MPa)
  
R R
p1,0/T p1,0/T ,s
  
σ = σ =
e es
51.1 and 51.2
  
1,25 1,25
  
  
R R
p0,2/T p0,2/T ,s
  
σ = σ =
e es
All others
  
1,25 1,25
  
NOTE In case values of Rp 1,0/T are not available, Rp 0,2/T values can be used.

Values of the modulus of elasticity E as a function of the temperature can be found in Annex D of this

part 11 of EN 13445.
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6.7 Flanges

The requirements in Clause 11 or Annex G of EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply with the following

modifications:

Gaskets made from or containing polymers which could release fluoride on thermal or acid

decomposition shall not be used.

NOTE 1 Due to the high elastic deformations of Titanium and Titanium Alloys, to ensure leak tightness of

flanges made of such materials the use of Annex G of EN 13445-3:2014 is preferred to Clause 11 of

EN 13445-3:2014.

NOTE 2 Current European Standards for pipework flanges do not contain rating tables for titanium and

titanium alloys and therefore the use of standard flanges without calculation is not possible.

6.8 Fatigue design

For loads up to 500 equivalent full pressure cycles no fatigue analysis is required. Above 500 cycles the

requirements of Clause 17 of EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:

The application of Clause 17 (see 17.4.4 of EN 13445-3:2014) to titanium and titanium alloys shall be

limited to temperatures not exceeding 150 °C.

The correction factor to account for the influence of temperature on fatigue resistance (see 17.6.2.2 of

EN 13445-3:2014) is:
For T* ≥ 100 °C:
−5 −7 2
C = 0,518 − 9,41 × 10 T* − 8,46 × 10 (T*) (6.7-1)
For T* < 100 °C, C = 0,5.

The requirements of Clause 18 of EN 13445-3:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:

The application of Clause 18 (see 18.4.3 of EN 13445-3:2014) to titanium and titanium alloys shall be

limited to temperatures not exceeding 150 °C.
(see 18.10.6.2

The correction factor to account for the influence of temperature on fatigue resistance, fT*

of EN 13445-3:2014) is given by:
For T* ≥ 100 °C:
−5 −7 2
f = 0,518 − 9,41 × 10 T* − 8,46 × 10 (T*) (6.7-2)
For T* < 100 °C, f = 0,5.
7 Manufacture
7.1 General

EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply, with the following amendments, given in 7.2 to 7.18.

NOTE Not all welding processes are suitable for all titanium alloys.
7.2 Filler metals

In all cases where the filler metals do not match parent metal combinations the filler metal used shall be

suitable for the service conditions.
NOTE Welding consumables may be selected from EN ISO 24034:2010.
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7.3 Attachment of dissimilar metals

Dissimilar metal attachments are generally incompatible by fusion welding with most commercially

available titanium alloy materials.
7.4 Backing strips, joggle joints and partial penetration welds

Permanent backing strips, and joggle joints shall not be used. Partial penetration welds shall not be

used on longitudinal and circumferential welds in the pressure containing parts.
7.5 Qualification of welding procedure specifications (WPQR)

The requirements of 7.3 of EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:

Approval testing of fusion welding procedures shall be conducted, recorded and reported in accordance

with EN ISO 15614-5:2004 or EN ISO 15614-8:2016 as appropriate.
Annex B of EN 13445-2:2014 shall not apply.

Impact testing is not normally required for pressure vessels of titanium and titanium alloys at

temperatures down to −100 °C for group 51.1 and 51.2 and −60 °C for all other Groups (see 5.5).

7.6 Qualification of welders and welding operators

The requirements in 7.4 of EN 13445-4:2014 shall apply with the following modifications:

Replace reference to EN ISO 9606-1 with EN ISO 9606-5:2000.
7.7 Joint preparation

In addition to the requirements of 7.6 in EN 13445-4:2014 the following shall apply for pressure vessels

of titanium and its alloys:

All material shall be cut to size and shape preferably by non-thermal processes like machining, or water

jet cutting.

Surfaces cut by shear cutting and thermal processes like flame cutting, plasma arc cutting and laser

cutting shall be mechanically dressed.

Edges to be welded that have been cut by thermal processes shall be dressed back for a distance of

1,5 mm for laser cutting and shear cutting and 5 mm for all other processes, unless the manufacturer

can demonstrate that the material has not been adversely affected by the cutting process.

NOTE 1 Fire safety procedures should be applied for the handling and control of titanium fines and turnings.

All surfaces to be welded shall be thoroughly cleaned, on both sides of the joint, for a distance of 50 mm

from each welding edge. Cleaning shall be by degreasing using a suitable solvent such as acetone on a

lint-free cloth, before and after stainless steel or titanium wire brushing. Surfaces shall be dry before

welding commences.
NOTE 2 Methyl alcohol or sulphur-containing cleaning fluids should not be used.
7.8 Execution of welded joints

In addition to the requirements of 7.7 in EN 13445-4:2014 the following shall apply for pressure vessels

of titanium and its alloys:

Each run of weld metal shall be thoroughly cleaned before the next run is deposited. Brushes shall be of

either stainless steel or titanium, and shall only be used on titanium and titanium alloys.

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